Journal of Integrative Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
23(12)
Published: Dec. 24, 2024
Postoperative
cognitive
dysfunction
(POCD)
represents
a
significant
clinical
concern,
particularly
among
elderly
surgical
patients.
It
is
characterized
by
decline
in
performance,
affecting
memory,
attention,
coordination,
orientation,
verbal
fluency,
and
executive
function.
This
abilities
leads
to
longer
hospital
stays
increased
mortality.
review
provides
comprehensive
overview
of
the
current
progress
understanding
relevant
pathogenic
factors,
possible
mechanisms,
diagnosing,
prevention
treatment
POCD,
as
well
suggesting
future
research
directions.
discusses
neuronal
damage,
susceptible
genes,
central
cholinergic
system,
nervous
system
(CNS)
inflammation,
stress
response
glucocorticoids,
oxidative
development
aiming
uncover
pathological
mechanism
develop
effective
strategies
for
POCD.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
26(2), P. 620 - 620
Published: Jan. 13, 2025
In
vitro
models
play
a
pivotal
role
in
advancing
our
understanding
of
neurodegenerative
diseases
(NDs)
such
as
Parkinson’s
and
Alzheimer’s
disease
(PD
AD).
Traditionally,
2D
cell
cultures
have
been
instrumental
elucidating
the
cellular
mechanisms
underlying
these
diseases.
Cultured
cells
derived
from
patients
or
animal
provide
valuable
insights
into
pathological
processes
at
level.
However,
they
often
lack
native
tissue
environment
complexity,
limiting
their
ability
to
fully
recapitulate
features.
contrast,
3D
offer
more
physiologically
relevant
platform
by
mimicking
brain
architecture.
These
can
incorporate
multiple
types,
including
neurons,
astrocytes,
microglia,
creating
microenvironment
that
closely
resembles
brain’s
complexity.
Bioengineering
approaches
allow
researchers
better
replicate
cell–cell
interactions,
neuronal
connectivity,
disease-related
phenotypes.
Both
advantages
limitations.
While
simplicity
scalability
for
high-throughput
screening
basic
processes,
enhanced
physiological
relevance
Integrating
findings
both
model
systems
NDs,
ultimately
aiding
development
novel
therapeutic
strategies.
Here,
we
review
existing
study
PD
AD.
Molecules,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
29(21), P. 5131 - 5131
Published: Oct. 30, 2024
The
most
prevalent
chronic
neurodegenerative
illness
in
the
world
is
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD).
It
results
mental
symptoms
including
behavioral
abnormalities
and
cognitive
impairment,
which
have
a
substantial
financial
psychological
impact
on
relatives
of
patients.
review
discusses
various
pathophysiological
mechanisms
contributing
to
AD,
amyloid
beta,
tau
protein,
inflammation,
other
factors,
while
emphasizing
need
for
effective
disease-modifying
therapeutics
that
alter
progression
rather
than
merely
alleviating
symptoms.
This
mainly
covers
medications
are
now
being
studied
clinical
trials
or
recently
approved
by
FDA
fall
under
treatment
(DMT)
category,
alters
targeting
underlying
biological
DMTs
focus
improving
patient
outcomes
slowing
decline,
enhancing
neuroprotection,
supporting
neurogenesis.
Additionally,
amyloid-targeting
therapies,
tau-targeting
neuroprotective
others.
evaluation
specifically
looked
at
studies
FDA-approved
novel
Phase
II
III
development
were
carried
out
between
2021
2024.
A
thorough
US
government
database
identified
biologics
small
molecule
drugs
14
agents
I,
34
II,
11
might
be
completed
2028.
Medicina,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
61(2), P. 167 - 167
Published: Jan. 21, 2025
Background
and
Objectives:
Oxygen
is
essential
for
all
living
organisms
plays
a
critical
role
in
anesthesia
intensive
care
practices.
However,
the
notion
that
unlimited
oxygen
therapy
harmless
misconception.
Our
study
investigates
acute
effects
of
different
preoxygenation
methods
on
hemodynamic
parameters
neurodegenerative
biomarkers
patients
undergoing
laparoscopic
cholecystectomy
surgery.
Materials
Methods:
This
prospective,
randomized,
controlled
included
52
elective
under
general
anesthesia.
Patients
were
divided
into
two
groups:
Group
I
received
standard
(100%
FiO2
3
min),
while
II
underwent
rapid
(eight
deep
breaths
over
30
s
to
1
min).
Hemodynamic
(SAP,
DAP,
MAP,
SpO2)
(pTau,
S100B,
NSE,
NfL,
GFAP)
measured
after
preoxygenation,
intubation,
at
end
Results:
exhibited
significant
increase
levels
pTau,
GFAP,
indicating
higher
neuronal
glial
cell
stress
compared
(p
<
0.001).
No
NfL
was
observed
either
group.
(HR,
SAP,
MAP)
significantly
during
I,
suggesting
an
increased
response.
showed
lower
neurotoxicity
oxidative
stress.
Conclusions:
findings
indicate
with
100%
induces
cells,
axons,
leading
biomarkers.
Optimizing
strategies
crucial
reduce
improve
neurological
outcomes
surgical
patients.
Antioxidants,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
14(3), P. 347 - 347
Published: March 15, 2025
Neurodegenerative
disorders
are
one
of
the
main
public
health
problems
worldwide
and,
for
this
reason,
they
have
attracted
attention
several
researchers
who
aim
to
better
understand
molecular
processes
linked
etiology
these
disorders,
including
Alzheimer's
and
Parkinson's
diseases.
In
review,
we
describe
both
beneficial
toxic
effect
norepinephrine
(NE)
its
connected
ROS/metal-mediated
pathways,
which
end
in
neuromelanin
(NM)
formation
protein
aggregation.
particular,
emphasize
importance
stabilizing
delicate
homeostatic
balance
that
regulates
(i)
metal/ROS-promoted
oxidation
catecholamines,
as
NE,
(ii)
generation
oxidative
by-products
capable
covalently
non-covalently
modifying
neuroproteins,
thus
altering
their
stability
oligomerization;
may
(iii)
incorporation
conjugates
into
vesicles,
then
evolve
organelles.
general,
provide
an
up-to-date
overview
challenges
controversies
emerging
from
current
literature
delineate
a
direction
future
research.
Journal of Applied Toxicology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 24, 2025
ABSTRACT
Although
aluminum
is
ubiquitously
present
on
Earth,
it
not
necessary
for
life.
Aluminum
a
metal
element
that
can
induce
neurotoxicity.
The
neurotoxicity
of
mainly
caused
by
the
aggregation
abnormally
phosphorylated
tau
protein
to
form
neurofibrillary
tangles
(NFTs).
phosphorylation
regulated
both
kinases
and
phosphatases.
ERK
involved
in
PHF‐type
hyperphosphorylation.
Recent
studies
have
revealed
interaction
between
microRNAs
(miRNAs)
ERK/MAPK
cascade
related
maintaining
normal
function
nervous
system.
miR‐195
early
development
AD
with
potential
impact
cognition.
Therefore,
we
speculate
miRNA‐195
may
regulate
activity,
thereby
causing
hyperphosphorylation
purpose
this
study
was
explore
role
miRNA‐195‐5p
regulating
process
maltol‐induced
results
showed
exposure
decreased
expression
level
increased
P‐ERK,
abnormal
tau.
After
inhibiting
activity
ERK,
decreased.
There
an
effect
proteins.
overexpression
miRNA‐195‐5p,
inhibited.
In
conclusion,
regulates
involvement
Al
(mal)3in
PC12
cells.
Neurology International,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(5), P. 75 - 75
Published: May 13, 2025
Tau
protein
plays
a
pivotal
role
in
maintaining
neuronal
structure
and
function
through
its
regulation
of
microtubule
stability
polarity.
Encoded
by
the
MAPT
gene,
exists
multiple
isoforms
due
to
alternative
mRNA
splicing,
with
differential
expression
central
peripheral
nervous
systems.
In
healthy
neurons,
tau
is
selectively
localized
translated
axons,
process
tightly
regulated
untranslated
regions
(UTRs)
RNA-binding
proteins
such
as
HuD
FMRP.
Pathologically,
undergoes
hyperphosphorylation,
misfolding,
aggregation,
which
contribute
neurodegeneration
range
disorders
collectively
known
tauopathies.
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
most
prevalent
tauopathy,
where
abnormal
accumulation
temporal
frontal
lobes
correlates
cognitive
decline
behavioral
symptoms.
Other
tauopathies,
including
Progressive
Supranuclear
Palsy
(PSP),
Corticobasal
Degeneration
(CBD),
Frontotemporal
Dementia
Parkinsonism
(FTDP-17),
Pick’s
disease,
are
distinguished
predominance
specific
(3R
or
4R),
cellular
distribution,
affected
brain
regions.
Notably,
astroglial
tauopathies
highlight
pathological
glial
cells,
expanding
understanding
beyond
neurons.
Despite
advances
imaging
biomarkers
(e.g.,
Tau-PET)
molecular
diagnostics,
effective
disease-modifying
therapies
for
remain
elusive.
Ongoing
research
targets
immunotherapies,
splicing
modulators,
kinase
inhibitors,
antisense
oligonucleotides,
aiming
mitigate
pathology
deleterious
effects.
Understanding
multifaceted
roles
contexts
critical
developing
future
therapeutic
strategies
against
