Food Components and Dietary Habits: Keys for a Healthy Gut Microbiota Composition

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(10), P. 2393 - 2393

Published: Oct. 7, 2019

The gut microbiota is a changing ecosystem, containing trillions of bacteria, continuously shaped by many factors, such as dietary habits, seasonality, lifestyle, stress, antibiotics use, or diseases. A healthy host–microorganisms balance must be respected in order to optimally maintain the intestinal barrier and immune system functions and, consequently, prevent disease development. In past several decades, adoption modern habits has become growing health concern, it strongly associated with obesity related metabolic diseases, promoting inflammation both structural behavioral changes microbiota. this context, novel strategies are emerging diseases health. However, consequences these different diets on modulation still largely unknown, could potentially lead alterations microbiota, barrier, system. present review aimed focus impact single food components (macronutrients micronutrients), salt, additives, (i.e., vegan vegetarian, gluten-free, ketogenic, high sugar, low FODMAP, Western-type, Mediterranean diets) composition define optimal diet for

Language: Английский

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Regulation of the intestinal barrier by nutrients: The role of tight junctions

Animal Science Journal, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 91(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Abstract Tight junctions (TJs) play an important role in intestinal barrier function. TJs epithelial cells are composed of different junctional molecules, such as claudin and occludin, regulate the paracellular permeability water, ions, macromolecules adjacent cells. One most roles TJ structure is to provide a physical luminal inflammatory molecules. Impaired integrity result forcible activation immune chronic inflammation tissues. According recent studies, could be regulated, potential target, by dietary factors prevent reduce disorders, although precise mechanisms underlying regulation remain unclear. This review summarizes currently available information on food components.

Language: Английский

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You Are What You Eat—The Relationship between Diet, Microbiota, and Metabolic Disorders—A Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 1096 - 1096

Published: April 15, 2020

The gut microbiota (GM) is defined as the community of microorganisms (bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses) colonizing gastrointestinal tract. GM regulates various metabolic pathways in host, including those involved energy homeostasis, glucose and lipid metabolism, bile acid metabolism. relationship between alterations intestinal diseases associated with civilization well documented. dysbiosis pathogenesis diverse diseases, such syndrome, cardiovascular celiac disease, inflammatory bowel neurological disorders. Multiple factors modulate composition how it physically functions, but one major triggering establishment diet. In this paper, we reviewed current knowledge about nutrition, microbiota, host status. We described macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, fat) different dietary patterns (e.g., Western-style diet, vegetarian Mediterranean diet) interact activity GM, bacterial has an influence on disorders, obesity, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia.

Language: Английский

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Ultra-processed Foods and Cardiovascular Diseases: Potential Mechanisms of Action

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 1673 - 1680

Published: April 2, 2021

Language: Английский

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Dietary fructose-induced gut dysbiosis promotes mouse hippocampal neuroinflammation: a benefit of short-chain fatty acids

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: June 29, 2019

Western-style diets arouse neuroinflammation and impair emotional cognitive behavior in humans animals. Our previous study showed that a high-fructose diet caused the hippocampal neuroinflammatory response neuronal loss animals, but underlying mechanisms remained elusive. Here, alterations gut microbiota intestinal epithelial barrier were investigated as causes of induced by diet.A response, reactive gliosis, C57BL/6N mice. Depletion using broad-spectrum antibiotics suppressed fructose-fed mice, these animals still exhibited loss. Gut compositional alteration, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) reduction, impairment, NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 6 (NLRP6) inflammasome dysfunction, high levels serum endotoxin, FITC-dextran observed Of note, SCFAs, well pioglitazone (a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma (PPAR-γ) agonist), shaped ameliorated impairment NLRP6 dysfunction Moreover, SCFAs-mediated activation was inhibited histamine bacterial metabolite) ex vivo colonic explants murine CT26 colon carcinoma cells transfected with siRNA. However, GW9662 PPAR-γ antagonist) exerted no impact on explants, suggesting SCFAs may stimulate independently activation. prevented fructose-induced Additionally, activated increased DCX+ newborn neurons DG control mice.Our findings reveal dysbiosis is critical factor for diet-induced mice possibly mediated impairing barrier. Mechanistically, defective responsible impairment. can ameliorate barrier, resulting protection against This addresses gap understanding injury associated diets. A new intervention strategy reducing risk neurodegenerative diseases through supplementation or dietary fiber consumption emphasized.

Language: Английский

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The Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Diseases: The Role of Macrophages

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: June 9, 2020

Gut microbiota, an integral part of the human body, comprise bacteria, fungi, archaea, and protozoa. There is consensus that disruption gut microbiota (termed “gut dysbiosis”) influenced by host genetics, diet, antibiotics, inflammation, it closely linked to pathogenesis inflammatory diseases, such as obesity bowel disease (IBD). Macrophages are key players in maintenance tissue homeostasis eliminating invading pathogens exhibit extreme plasticity their phenotypes, M1 or M2, which have been demonstrated exert pro- anti-inflammatory functions. Microbiota-derived metabolites, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), pro-inflammatory effects acting on macrophages. Understanding role macrophages microbiota-inflammation interactions might provide us a novel method for preventing treating diseases. In this review, we summarize recent research relationship between inflammation discuss important context.

Language: Английский

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Food as medicine: targeting the uraemic phenotype in chronic kidney disease

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 153 - 171

Published: Sept. 22, 2020

Language: Английский

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Influence of Foods and Nutrition on the Gut Microbiome and Implications for Intestinal Health

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(17), P. 9588 - 9588

Published: Aug. 24, 2022

Food components in our diet provide not only necessary nutrients to body but also substrates for the mutualistic microbial flora gastrointestinal tract, termed gut microbiome. Undigested food are metabolized a diverse array of metabolites. Thus, what we eat shapes structure, composition, and function microbiome, which interacts with epithelium mucosal immune system maintains intestinal homeostasis healthy state. Alterations microbiome implicated many diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). There is growing interest nutritional therapy target IBD. Investigations into dietary effects on composition changes flourished recent years, few focused physiology. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding impacts major their metabolites health consequences, specifically within GI tract. Additionally, influence microbiome-host interaction IBD discussed. Understanding host will be useful developing strategies maintain restore

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome

Chinese Medical Journal, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 133(7), P. 808 - 816

Published: Feb. 26, 2020

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) describes a set of risk factors that can eventually lead to the occurrence cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. A detailed understanding MetS mechanism will be helpful in developing effective prevention strategies appropriate intervention tools. In this article, we discuss relationship between clinical symptoms differences gut microbial community compared with healthy individuals, characterized by proliferation potentially harmful bacteria inhibition beneficial ones. Interactions microbiota host metabolism have been shown mediated number factors, including inflammation caused barrier defects, short-chain fatty acids metabolism, bile acid metabolism. However, although clearly establish causal profiles animal experiments, them is still controversial humans. Therefore, need more studies augment our how manipulate address role treatment MetS.

Language: Английский

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Novel insights into the genetically obese (ob/ob) and diabetic (db/db) mice: two sides of the same coin

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: June 28, 2021

Abstract Background Leptin-deficient ob/ob mice and leptin receptor-deficient db/db are commonly used models mimicking the conditions of obesity type 2 diabetes development. However, although similarly gaining weight developing massive obesity, more diabetic than mice. It remains still unclear why targeting same pathway—leptin signaling—leads to development two different phenotypes. Given that gut microbes dialogue with host via metabolites (e.g., short-chain fatty acids) but also contribute regulation bile acids metabolism, we investigated whether inflammatory markers, bacterial components, acids, could explain specific phenotype discriminating onset an obese and/or a state in Results Six-week-old were followed for 7 weeks; they had comparable body weight, fat mass, lean mass gain, confirming their severely status. as expected, glucose metabolism glucose-induced insulin secretion significantly between Strikingly, distribution was different, having subcutaneous epididymal fat. In addition, liver steatosis pronounced We found very distinct profiles mice, tone compared higher (subcutaneous) adipose tissue When analyzing microbiota composition, quantity 19 microbial taxa some way affected by genotype. Furthermore, show serum LPS concentration, hepatic acid content, cecal differently genotypes. Conclusion Taken together, our results elucidate potential mechanisms implicated or genetic characterized altered signaling. propose these differences be linked tones, profile, composition.

Language: Английский

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