Metabolic Characteristics of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis Patients and the Role of Microelements and Diet in the Disease Management—An Overview

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(12), P. 6580 - 6580

Published: June 13, 2022

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the most common autoimmune disease and leading cause of hypothyroidism, in which damage to thyroid gland occurs due infiltration lymphocytes. It characterized by increased levels antibodies against peroxidase thyroglobulin. In this review, we present metabolic profile, effectiveness micronutrient supplementation impact dietary management patients with HT. For current literature databases PubMed, Cochrane, Medline Embase were reviewed from last ten years until March 2022. This article provides a comprehensive overview recent randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, clinical trials. Many HT, even euthyroid state, have excess body weight, disorders, reduced quality life. Due frequent concomitant nutritional deficiencies, role vitamin D, iodine, selenium, magnesium, iron B12 currently debated. Several studies underlined benefits D selenium supplementation. There still no specific diet recommended for but protective effect an anti-inflammatory rich vitamins minerals low animal foods has been suggested. insufficient evidence support gluten-free all HT patients. Pharmacotherapy, along appropriate nutrition supplementation, are important elements medical care The abovementioned factors may decrease autoantibody levels, improve function, slow down inflammatory process, maintain proper relieve symptoms, prevent deficiencies development disorders

Language: Английский

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The Role of Selected Trace Elements in Oxidoreductive Homeostasis in Patients with Thyroid Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(5), P. 4840 - 4840

Published: March 2, 2023

Impaired levels of selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and iodine (I) in the organism may adversely affect thyroid endocrine system. These trace elements play a role fight against oxidative stress as components enzymes. Oxidative–antioxidant imbalance is considered possible factor many pathological conditions, including various diseases. In available literature, there are few scientific studies showing direct correlation effect supplementation on slowing down or preventing occurrence diseases combination with improvement antioxidant profile, through action these antioxidants. Among studies, it has been shown that an increase lipid peroxidation decrease overall defense status occur during such cancer, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis dysthyroidism. which were supplemented, following observed: level malondialdehyde after Zn hypothyroidism reduction Se simultaneous total activity enzymes course autoimmune thyroiditis. This systematic review aimed to present current state knowledge about relationship between terms oxidoreductive homeostasis.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Trace Elements on Endocrine Function and Pathogenesis of Thyroid Diseases—A Literature Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 398 - 398

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

The thyroid gland is an endocrine organ whose hormones enable the proper functioning of organism. normal function this influenced by internal and external factors. One factors trace elements. Trace elements in appropriate concentrations are necessary for thyroid. Fe, Cu, Mn, I, Zn, Se part enzymes involved oxidative stress reduction, while Cd, Hg, Pb can increase ROS production. Cu Fe correct TPO synthesis. An imbalance concentration such as Co, Ag, Pb, cells lead to diseases Graves’ disease, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, autoimmune nodules, cancer, postpartum thyroiditis. Lack adequate levels may hypothyroidism cancer development. gland’s ability absorb I reversibly reduced Co. Adequate required function; both deficiency excess predispose development disorders. High Mn hypothyroidism. Furthermore, cause progression. Insufficient Zn supplementation causes nodule Cd affecting molecular mechanisms also Hg accumulating interfere with hormone secretion stimulate cell proliferation. A higher risk were linked elevated levels. disrupts several On other hand, some be useful treatment diseases. Therefore, effects on require further research.

Language: Английский

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The immune system in Hashimoto's thyroiditis: Updating the current state of knowledge on potential therapies and animal model construction

Autoimmunity Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(6), P. 103783 - 103783

Published: March 2, 2025

Language: Английский

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Bridging the Gap: Awareness, Knowledge, and Challenges of Living with Celiac Disease in Bulgaria

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(7), P. 1267 - 1267

Published: April 4, 2025

Background: Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated systemic disorder induced by gluten in genetically predisposed individuals, requiring lifelong management through strict gluten-free diet (GFD). Although its global prevalence around 1%, awareness and diagnosis remain suboptimal, contributing to challenges management. Objectives: To assess the awareness, knowledge, experiences of Bulgarian CD patients caregivers regarding CD, diagnosis, dietary adherence. Methods: A structured survey was conducted evaluate patient caregiver with focusing on diagnostic process practices. Data were collected from sample their caregivers. Results: The majority 191 respondents (94%) recognized as condition, but only 26.7% correctly identified autoimmune, nature. average delay 8.1 months, over 50% relying serological tests alone, consistent recent non-biopsy guidelines. Dietary adherence significantly hindered misconceptions about gluten-containing grains societal barriers. Notably, 83.6% participants reported bringing own food when eating outside. Conclusions: findings underscore need for targeted public health initiatives, enhanced healthcare provider training, improved education address knowledge gaps, expedite improve Such interventions could help reduce psychosocial burden enhance quality life affected individuals.

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D: An Essential Nutrient in the Dual Relationship between Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases and Celiac Disease—A Comprehensive Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(11), P. 1762 - 1762

Published: June 4, 2024

Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are among the most frequent autoimmune disorders, with a multifactorial etiology in which both genetic and environmental determinants probably involved. Celiac disease (CeD) also represents public concern, given its increasing prevalence due to recent improvement of screening programs, leading detection silent subtypes. The two conditions may be closely associated common risk factors, including setting, changes composition diversity gut microbiota, deficiency nutrients like vitamin D. This comprehensive review discussed current evidence on pivotal role D modulating microbiota dysbiosis immune system dysfunction, shedding light possible relevance an adequate intake this nutrient primary prevention AITD CeD. While future technology-based strategies for proper supplementation could attractive context personalized medicine, several issues remain defined, standardized assays determination, timely recommendations functioning, longitudinal studies randomized controlled trials definitely establish causal relationship between serum levels onset

Language: Английский

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Iron and ferritin deficiency in women with hypothyroidism and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis — systematic review

Endokrynologia Polska, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 26, 2024

Iron is one of the essential microelements necessary for maintaining body's homeostasis. It serves various roles, including being a crucial component in proper structure many enzymes and supporting transport oxygen electrons. Its deficiency can lead to anaemia, which common clinical condition often associated with thyroid diseases. most nutritional deficiencies, its prevalence strongly socioeconomic status. primary cause anaemia 42% children 50% women. Importantly, iron placed among top 5 causes disability Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) an enzyme production hormones, key factor functioning. Therefore, case deficiency, activity this also reduced. that important epigenetic modification processes, may contribute genomic changes potentially promoting development autoimmune Adequate supplementation patients Hashimoto's disease elements effective therapy. In addition iodine, selenium, magnesium supplementation, attention should be paid intake. element heme — peroxidase, owes binding haem, function hormones. delivered body haem non-haem forms. The form found particularly haemoglobin-rich red meat, but eggs, fish, poultry. On other hand, legumes, grains, fruits, vegetables. Our study aimed gather summarise knowledge from scientific literature regarding association hypothyroidism women, as well possible mechanisms pathogenesis these conditions. paper aims highlight considering high risk assessing status along ferritin integral part additional diagnostic measures cases hypothyroidism, disease.

Language: Английский

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The influence of iron on bone metabolism disorders

Osteoporosis International, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(2), P. 243 - 253

Published: Oct. 19, 2023

Language: Английский

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An update of the effects of vitamins D and C in critical illness

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Jan. 11, 2023

Many critically ill patients are vitamin D and C deficient the current international guidelines state that hypovitaminoses should be compensated. However, uncertainty about optimal dosage, timing indication exists in clinical routine, mainly due to conflicting evidence. This narrative review discusses both micronutrients with regards pathophysiology, evidence of benefits, potential risks, guideline recommendations. Evidence generated from most recent trials summarized discussed. In addition, pragmatic tips for application these vitamins routine given. The supplementations represent cost-effective simple interventions excellent safety profiles. Regarding D, individuals require a loading dose improve 25(OH)D levels within few days, followed by daily or weekly maintenance dose, usually higher doses than healthy needed. For C, dosages 100-200 mg/d recommended receiving parenteral nutrition, but needs may as high 2-3 g/d acutely patients.

Language: Английский

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Effect of gluten-free diet on autoimmune thyroiditis progression in patients with no symptoms or histology of celiac disease: a meta-analysis

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: July 24, 2023

Background Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is the most common autoimmune disease. HT may be associated with nonthyroidal diseases, including celiac disease (CD) or other gluten-related conditions (GRC). In last years, interest about gluten-free diet (GFD) has increased for its supposed extraintestinal anti-inflammatory effect; thus, many patients initiate GFD on their own. Objectives The aim of this meta-analysis to examine all available data in literature effect a TgAb, TPOAb, TSH, FT4, and FT3 levels no symptoms histology CD. Methods study was conducted according MOOSE (Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies Epidemiology). search performed databases PubMed Scopus. 7 February 2023. Quality assessment performed. Meta-analyses were using random-effect model. Hedges’ g used measure size (ES). Statistical analyses StataSE 17. Results online retrieved 409 articles, 4 studies total 87 finally included quantitative analysis. risk bias generally low. mean period almost 6 months. meta-analyses showed reduction antibody ES: −0.39 TgAb (95% CI: −0.81 +0.02; p = 0.06; I ² 46.98%) −0.40 TPOAb −0.82 +0.03; 0.07; 47.58%). TSH −0.35 −0.64 −0.05; 0.02; 0%) FT4 an increase +0.35% 0.06 0.64; 0%). did not display variations (ES: 0.05; 95% −0.38 +0.48; 0.82; 51%). heterogeneity solved performing sub-analyses between without GRC (TgAb 0.04) only FT3, sub-analysis taking LT4 ( 0.03). Conclusion This first investigating HT. Our results seem indicate positive gluten deprivation thyroid function inflammation, particularly GRC. However, current lines evidence are yet sufficient recommend dietary approach diagnosis

Language: Английский

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