Prematurity and Low Birth Weight and Their Impact on Childhood Growth Patterns and the Risk of Long-Term Cardiovascular Sequelae

Children, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(10), P. 1599 - 1599

Published: Sept. 25, 2023

Preterm birth (before 37 completed weeks of gestation) is a global health problem, remaining the main reason for neonatal mortality and morbidity. Improvements in perinatal care recent decades have been associated with higher survival rate extremely preterm infants, leading to risk long-term sequelae this population throughout life. Numerous surveillance programs formerly premature infants continue focus on neurodevelopmental disorders, while assessment impact low weight child growth cardiovascular disease young adults equally necessary. This review will discuss influence prematurity childhood children, adolescents adults. The metabolic disorders increased adult survivors. In early childhood, may show elevated blood pressure, weakened vascular growth, augmented peripheral resistance cardiomyocyte remodeling. Increased gain during postnatal period later body composition, promote obesity impair results. These adverse alterations contribute an incidents, hypertension diabetes. Preterm-born children those fetal restriction (FGR) who demonstrate rapid changes their percentile should remain under pressure monitoring. A better understanding lifelong outcomes preterm-born individuals crucial developing strategies prevent be basis future research provide effective interventions.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Evidence-Based Practice in Enhancing Health Outcomes for Infants in the NICU

The Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 39(1), P. 7 - 8

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Elimination of Candida Sepsis and Reducing Several Morbidities in a Tertiary NICU in Greece After Changing Antibiotic, Ventilation, and Nutrition Protocols

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 159 - 159

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

Background/Objectives: In recent years, strategies for improving outcomes in preterm neonates have been implemented various aspects of neonatal care. This study aims to determine the prevalence, microbiology, and late-onset sepsis (LOS) incidence other morbidities very following implementation specific infection control, enteral feeding, ventilation strategies. Methods: retrospectively compared morbidity mortality with a 23–32 weeks gestational age over two periods, period A (2010–2014),and B (2018–2022). series changes were introduced between these including restrictive use antibiotics, aggressive wider non-invasive modalities. Results: total 310 included: 163 147 B. The mean duration antibiotic treatment was reduced from 4 ± 2 1 days 5 3 suspected early-onset LOS, respectively, 11.2 16 confirmed LOS periods. 24% 18%, while, multiple episodes, it 26% 11% periods B, respectively. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) independent predictors both rate Candida infections declined 9.2% 0.7%. full achieved after median 7.5 10 (p = 0.001), resulting fewer TPN 0.008). Episodes feeding intolerance necrotizing enterocolitis I (NEC I) significantly < 0.001). Incidence intraventricular hemorrhage decreased. Conclusions: After changing antibiotic, ventilation, protocols, almost completely eliminated. episodes Early without adverse effects, food observed. elimination appears feasible when stewardship is conjunction interventions an NICU.

Language: Английский

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Patterns of postnatal weight gain and its predictors among preterm very low birth weight neonates born in Bahir-Dar city public hospitals, 2022: A cross sectional study

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(2), P. e0315573 - e0315573

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

Introduction Postnatal weight gain in very low birth infants remains a challenge during the neonatal period and middle-income countries like Ethiopia, where no feeding alternatives follow-up charts are available. Although extrauterine growth retardation is common problem preterm infants, there lack of evidence resource-limited regarding patterns postnatal gain. Therefore, this study aimed to assess its predictors among Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional was conducted on randomly selected sample 412 neonates Data were collected using structured questionnaires analyzed with Stata version 14.0 software. Bivariable multivariable logistic regression analyses performed identify significant predictors. Model fitness assumptions assessed. Associations reported adjusted odds ratios (AOR) 95% confidence intervals. Results In current study, 14.6% (95% CI: 10.4–20.1) had adequate at discharge. Spontaneous vaginal delivery [AOR: 2.54; CI (1.17, 5.54)], Z-score > -1.29 4.51; (1.43, 14.16)], early initiation time 3.36; (1.63, 6.92)], respiratory distress syndrome 0.31; (0.12, 0.78)] for Conclusion The as compared national figure. Mode delivery, z-score, first feeding, associated Federal Ministry Health, stakeholders, associations, non-governmental organizations should work collaboratively promote develop guidelines specifically tailored special population. Furthermore, healthcare providers prioritize focus who have Z-scores.

Language: Английский

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Enteral Infant Formulas: A Narrative Review of Historical Evolution, Nutritional Composition, and Clinical Use in Pediatrics

Cureus, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 21, 2025

Language: Английский

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Nutritional Strategies for Preterm Neonates and Preterm Neonates Undergoing Surgery: New Insights for Practice and Wrong Beliefs to Uproot

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(11), P. 1719 - 1719

Published: May 31, 2024

The nutrition of preterm infants remains contaminated by wrong beliefs that reflect inexactitudes and perpetuate old practices. In this narrative review, we report current evidence in neonates undergoing surgery. Convictions necrotizing enterocolitis is reduced the delay introducing enteral feeding, a slow advancement feeds, systematic control residual gastric volumes, should be abandoned. On contrary, these practices prolong time to reach full feeding. length parenteral as short possible reduce infectious risk. Intrauterine growth restriction, hemodynamic respiratory instability, patent ductus arteriosus considered advancing but they must not translate into prolonged fasting, which can equally dangerous. Clinicians also keep mind risk refeeding syndrome case high amino acid intake inadequate electrolyte supply, closely monitoring them. Conversely, when undergo surgery, nutritional strategies are still based on retrospective studies opinions rather than randomized controlled trials. Finally, review highlights how use adequately fortified human milk strongly recommended, it offers unique benefits for immune gastrointestinal health neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Comparative study about early full versus conventional partial enteral feeding in preterm new-born infants of 28-34 weeks

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 300 - 306

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

Background: Enteral feeding is a critical component of neonatal care for preterm infants. indicated range medical conditions, including prematurity, where infants cannot suck and swallow effectively; neurological disorders such as cerebral palsy or brain injuries; congenital anomalies like cleft palate; illnesses that prevent adequate oral intake. This study aims to evaluate compare the outcomes early full enteral with conventional partial in newborn born between 28 34 weeks gestation, focusing on parameters growth development, long term morbidity mortality. Methods: comparative prospective observational designed preterm. Total 180 were included study. Participants allocated into two groups - 90 preterm: feed, partially feed. Results: A compared groups, each babies. The full-feeding group showed fewer complications (16% total) no necrotizing colitis, while partial-feeding had more issues (30.33% total), 3% colitis. Full-fed babies better higher discharge rates (88% versus 80%) lower death (9% 15%). While both similar length growth, full-fed maintained stable weight gain over 15 days. Conclusions: concludes beneficial approach nutritional management leading improved terms weight, head circumference gain.

Language: Английский

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How long does it take to start minimal enteral feeding in preterm Neonates admitted to NICUs in Southern Oromia, Ethiopia?

˜The œItalian Journal of Pediatrics/Italian journal of pediatrics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 51(1)

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

The timely initiation of trophic feeding (TF) is crucial for premature newborns, but challenging due to immaturity, respiratory instability, abdominal distension, resource scarcity, and healthcare worker expertise. Moreover, there a dearth information on predictors full time. Therefore, this retrospective cohort study aimed investigate the time it takes its initiate minimal enteral in preterm neonates Southern Oromia, Ethiopia. A facility-based follow up was conducted among 434 randomly selected admitted NICU Bule Hora University Teaching Hospital Yabello General from January 1, 2021 December 30, 2022. Data were extracted by pretested structured checklist, entered into Epidata 3.1 then transferred Stata version 17 analysis. Kaplan Meier survival curve log rank test used estimate statistical comparison respectively. Bivariable multivariable cox proportional hazard model fitted identify TF their outputs are presented using Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs). overall incidence density reported as 43.6 per 100 neonate-days. median (IQR) found be 2 (1-4) days. Neonates delivered vaginally had higher likelihood early (AHR: 1.64, CI: 1.26, 2.13), while those born between 32 34 weeks 0.61, 0.46, 0.81), VLBW 0.45, 0.34, 0.60), without KMC 0.59, 0.79), level II hospitals less likely start promptly 0.78, 0.62, 0.99). Furthermore, sepsis 1.76, 1.36, 2.28) hypothermia 1.51, 1.19, 1.93) delayed initiation. We observed significant low rate death newborn our compared global. Preterm lower GA, no KMC, more have Our results highlight that staff training identifying suitable TF, ensuring adequate resources all levels should considered.

Language: Английский

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Morbidity and Mortality Trends in Preterm Neonates at the Limits of Viability: Retrospective Observations from One Greek Hospital

Life, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 708 - 708

Published: April 27, 2025

The survival and health outcomes of extremely preterm neonates (PNs) remain a critical challenge in neonatal intensive care. This 5-year retrospective, observational study evaluated morbidity mortality trends PNs born at the limits viability identified patterns associated risk factors. It was conducted from 2017 to 2022 on dataset between 22 + 0 26 weeks gestation tertiary public hospital Greece. A total 73 were included. rate 56.2%. median gestational age 24.3 weeks, mean birth weight 603.6 g. Survival improved significantly with higher weight. Respiratory distress syndrome most prevalent (71–94%), followed by late-onset sepsis (35.3%) patent ductus arteriosus (29.4%). use antenatal corticosteroids enteral feeding rates. Survivors required prolonged respiratory support demonstrated better early adequate nutritional support. We conclude that age, weight, effective interventions are determinants viability. Enhancing care protocols targeted interventions, such as corticosteroid evidence-based practices, could improve this vulnerable population.

Language: Английский

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Outcomes after neonatal cardiac surgery: The impact of a dedicated neonatal cardiac program

Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 165(6), P. 2204 - 2211.e4

Published: June 28, 2022

Language: Английский

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