Gut microbiota–bile acid–skeletal muscle axis

Trends in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 31(3), P. 254 - 269

Published: Oct. 30, 2022

The gut microbiota represents a 'metabolic organ' that can regulate human metabolism. Intact contributes to host homeostasis, whereas compositional perturbations, termed dysbiosis, are associated with wide range of diseases. Recent evidence demonstrates and the accompanying loss microbiota-derived metabolites, results in substantial alteration skeletal muscle As an example, bile acids, produced liver further metabolized by intestinal microbiota, considerable interest since they several metabolic pathways activating nuclear receptors, including farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Indeed, may lead atrophy via acid-FXR pathway. This Review aims suggest new pathway connects different mechanisms, involving gut-muscle axis, often seen as unrelated, and, starting from preclinical studies, we hypothesize strategies aimed at optimizing functionality.

Language: Английский

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Metabolic Insights into Caffeine’s Anti-Adipogenic Effects: An Exploration through Intestinal Microbiota Modulation in Obesity

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(3), P. 1803 - 1803

Published: Feb. 2, 2024

Obesity, a chronic condition marked by the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue, not only affects individual well-being but also significantly inflates healthcare costs. The physiological excess fat manifests as triglyceride (TG) deposition within with white tissue (WAT) expansion via adipocyte hyperplasia being key adipogenesis mechanism. As efforts intensify to address this global health crisis, understanding complex interplay contributing factors becomes critical for effective public interventions and improved patient outcomes. In context, gut microbiota-derived metabolites play an important role in orchestrating obesity modulation. Microbial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), secondary bile acids (BA), short-chain fatty (SCFAs), trimethylamine (TMA) are main intestinal dyslipidemic states. Emerging evidence highlights microbiota’s substantial influencing host metabolism subsequent outcomes, presenting new avenues therapeutic strategies, including polyphenol-based manipulations these microbial populations. Among various agents, caffeine emerges potent modulator metabolic pathways, exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, obesity-mitigating properties. Notably, caffeine’s anti-adipogenic potential, attributed downregulation regulators, has been established. Recent findings further indicate that influence on may be mediated through alterations microbiota its byproducts. Therefore, present review summarizes effect modulating metabolites.

Language: Английский

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Major Depressive Disorder and Gut Microbiota: Role of Physical Exercise

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(23), P. 16870 - 16870

Published: Nov. 28, 2023

Major depressive disorder (MDD) has a high prevalence and is major contributor to the global burden of disease. This psychiatric results from complex interaction between environmental genetic factors. In recent years, role gut microbiota in brain health received particular attention, compelling evidence shown that patients suffering depression have dysbiosis. Several studies reported dysbiosis-induced inflammation may cause and/or contribute development through dysregulation gut-brain axis. Indeed, as consequence dysbiosis, neuroinflammatory alterations caused by microglial activation together with impairments neuroplasticity symptoms. The modulation been recognized potential therapeutic strategy for management MMD. this regard, physical exercise positively change composition diversity, can underlie, at least part, its antidepressant effects. Given this, present review will explore relationship exercise, depression, an emphasis on non-invasive modulating and, regulating axis alleviating MDD-related

Language: Английский

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Litchi-Derived Polyphenol Alleviates Liver Steatosis and Gut Dysbiosis in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Study

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(14), P. 2921 - 2921

Published: July 16, 2022

Preclinical data suggest the role of litchi extract in alleviating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by modulating gut microbiota. We aimed at investigating whether oligonol, a litchi-derived polyphenol, could improve steatosis and dysbiosis patients with NAFLD. Adults grade ≥2 steatosis, defined an MRI proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) ≥11%, were randomly assigned to receive either oligonol or placebo for 24 weeks. The alteration MRI-PDFF microbiota composition assessed 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing examined. There 38 enrolled (n = 19 each group). A significant reduction between week 0 was observed group, while there non-significant decrease group. improvement alpha-diversity demonstrated both groups. oligonol-induced changes characterized reduced abundance pathogenic bacteria, including Dorea, Romboutsia, Erysipelotrichaceae UCG-003 Agathobacter, as well increased short-chain acids (SCFAs)-producing such Akkermansia, Lachnospira, Dialister Faecalibacterium. In summary, this study is first provide evidence that supports improves through modulation bacterial composition. Our results also support beneficial complementary treating

Language: Английский

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Factors influencing sports performance: A multi-dimensional analysis of coaching quality, athlete well-being, training intensity, and nutrition with self-efficacy mediation and cultural values moderation

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(17), P. e36646 - e36646

Published: Aug. 23, 2024

This study examines the dynamic relationships between cultural values, training intensity, nutrition, self-efficacy, and coaching quality on Chinese athletes' performance. Bandura's social cognitive theory psychology ideas enlightened multi-faceted sports performance analysis. A detailed questionnaire was employed to obtain data from 880 athletes various places backgrounds. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) used for empirical The results show a significant positive association (β = 0.62, p < 0.001), athlete well-being 0.48, intensity 0.55, nutrition 0.42, self-efficacy 0.57, Coaching appeared as critical component. Athletes performed better when they felt their instructors were performing better. Diet, health affected performance, highlighting necessity development. Athletes' confidence in is mediated by coaching, well-being, training, These correlations further impacted need consider context while attempting enhance outcomes. concludes that are crucial success.

Language: Английский

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The Bidirectional Role Between Gut Microbiota and Sports Performance

IGI Global eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 35 - 74

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

This chapter explores the bidirectional relationship between gut microbiota and sports performance, providing a comprehensive synthesis of current scientific evidence. The influence on energy metabolism, inflammation, immune function in athletes is addressed, emphasising its potential role performance recovery. It also discussed how different intensities types exercise can impact differently, itself athletes. Various nutritional strategies are covered, such as dietary patterns use prebiotics, probiotics, symbiotics shape optimise performance. highlights importance approaches focusing athletes' being individualised tested, conclusions studies this area still mixed. concludes with call for standardised research methodologies to deepen understanding improve applications improvement.

Language: Английский

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Optimizing the Gut Microbiota for Individualized Performance Development in Elite Athletes

Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 1491 - 1491

Published: Dec. 5, 2023

The human gut microbiota can be compared to a fingerprint due its uniqueness, hosting trillions of living organisms. Taking sport-centric perspective, the might represent physiological system that relates health aspects as well individualized performance in athletes. athletes’ physiology has adapted their exceptional lifestyle over years, including diversity and taxonomy microbiota. is influenced by several parameters requires highly individual complex approach unravel linkage between microbial community. This been taken this review, highlighting functions community performs sports, naming gut-centered targets, aiming for both healthy sustainable athlete development. With article, we try consider whether initiating analysis practicable could add value elite sport, what possibilities it holds when through variety interventions. aim support enabling well-rounded establish new methodology sport.

Language: Английский

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Effects of a Cycling versus Running HIIT Program on Fat Mass Loss and Gut Microbiota Composition in Men with Overweight/Obesity

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 56(5), P. 839 - 850

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

ABSTRACT Purpose High-intensity interval training (HIIT) can efficiently decrease total and (intra-)abdominal fat mass (FM); however, the effects of running versus cycling HIIT programs on FM reduction have not been compared yet. In addition, link between HIIT-induced gut microbiota must be better investigated. The aim this study was to compare two 12-wk isoenergetic (cycling vs running) body composition fecal in nondieting men with overweight or obesity. Methods Sixteen (age, 54.2 ± 9.6 yr; index, 29.9 2.3 kg·m −2 ) were randomly assigned HIIT-BIKE (10 × 45 s at 80%–85% maximal heart rate, 90-s active recovery) HIIT-RUN (9 group (3 times per week). Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry used determine composition. Preintervention postintervention analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, diet controlled. Results Overall, weight, abdominal visceral decreased over time ( P < 0.05). No difference observed for FM, groups (% change). Conversely, loss greater (−16.1% −8.3%; = 0.050). α-diversity did vary baseline intervention end groups, but associated change r −0.6; 0.02). profile changes correlated abdominal/visceral losses. Conclusions Both improved overweight/obesity. Baseline intestinal its variations reduction, strengthening possible these parameters. mechanisms underlying require additional investigations.

Language: Английский

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Intestinal Microbiota Interventions to Enhance Athletic Performance—A Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(18), P. 10076 - 10076

Published: Sept. 19, 2024

Recent years have witnessed an uptick in research highlighting the gut microbiota's role as a primary determinant of athletes' health, which has piqued interest hypothesis that it correlates with physical performance. Athletes' performances could be impacted by metabolic activity assortment microbes found their gut. Intestinal microbiota impacts multiple facets athlete's physiology, including immune response, membrane integrity, macro- and micronutrient absorption, muscle endurance, gut-brain axis. Several physiological variables govern microbiota; hence, intricately tailored complex framework must implemented to comprehend performance-microbiota interaction. Emerging evidence underscores intricate relationship between microbiome fitness, revealing athletes who engage regular exhibit richer diversity microbes, particularly within Firmicutes phylum, e.g., Ruminococcaceae genera, compared sedentary counterparts. In elite sport, is challenging implement unconventional strategy whilst simultaneously aiding athlete accomplish feasible, balanced development. This review compiles on effects modulation performance sports illustrates how different supplementation strategies for ability improve athletic enhancing capacities. addition promoting overall this study evaluates existing literature effort shed light interventions involving can dramatically field. The findings should inform both theoretical practical developments fields nutrition training.

Language: Английский

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Essential Factors for a Healthy Microbiome: A Scoping Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(14), P. 8361 - 8361

Published: July 8, 2022

Recent discoveries of the purpose and potential microbial interactions with humans have broad implications for our understanding metabolism, immunity, host−microbe genetic interactions. Bioavailability bioaccessibility phytonutrients in foods not only enrich diversity lower human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) but also direct functioning metagenome microbiota. Thus, healthy choices must include that contain nutrients satisfy both needs their microbes. Physical activity interventions at a moderate level intensity shown positive effects on metabolism microbiome, while intense training (>70% VO2max) reduces short term. The microbiome elite endurance athletes is robust producer short-chain fatty acids. A lifestyle lacking associated development chronic disease, experimental conditions simulating weightlessness demonstrate loss muscle mass occurring conjunction decline gut acid (SCFA) production microbes produce them. This review summarizes evidence addressing relationship between intestinal diet, physical activity. Data from studies reviewed suggest food fitness developed countries promote resource “curse” dilemma health.

Language: Английский

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