Necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants—A defect in the brakes? Evidence from clinical and animal studies

Mucosal Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 208 - 220

Published: Feb. 15, 2023

A key aspect of postnatal intestinal adaptation is the establishment symbiotic relationships with co-evolved gut microbiota. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) most severe disease arising from failure in premature infants. Although pathological activation Toll-like receptors (TLRs) believed to underpin NEC pathogenesis, mechanisms are incompletely understood. We postulate that unregulated aberrant TLR arises a intestinal-specific tamponade signaling (the brakes). In this review, we discussed human and animal studies elucidate developmental inhibiting intestine (establishing then evaluate evidence preclinical models point defect inhibition underlying NEC. Finally, provided framework for assessment risk by screening signatures prevention TLR-targeted therapy

Language: Английский

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Carrot RG-I Reduces Interindividual Differences between 24 Adults through Consistent Effects on Gut Microbiota Composition and Function Ex Vivo

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(9), P. 2090 - 2090

Published: April 26, 2023

The human gut microbiota is characterized by large interpersonal differences, which are not only linked to health and disease but also determine the outcome of nutritional interventions. In line with growing interest for developing targeted modulators, selectivity a carrot-derived rhamnogalacturonan I (cRG-I) was compared substrates demonstrated low (inulin, IN) high (xanthan, XA), at equivalent dose (HED) 1.5 g/d. throughput ex vivo SIFR® technology, validated generate predictive insights clinical findings, enabled inclusion 24 adults. Such an unprecedented number samples in context vitro modelling allowed coverage clinically relevant differences composition function. A key finding that cRG-I supplementation (already HED 0.3 g/d) lowered compositional due selective stimulation taxa were consistently present among adults, including OTUs related Bacteroides dorei/vulgatus Bifidobacterium longum (suspected keystone species), thetaiotaomicron, adolescentis butyrate-producing such as Blautia sp., Anaerobutyricum hallii, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. contrast, both IN XA treatments increased differences. For IN, this followed from its specificity. XA, it rather extremely fermentation caused between 15 responders 9 nonresponders, presence/absence highly specific XA-fermenting taxa. While all test compounds significantly enhanced acetate, propionate, butyrate, gas production, resulted higher acetate (+40%), propionate (+22%), yet lower production (–44%) IN. could thus result overall more robust beneficial effects, while being better tolerated. Moreover, owing remarkable homogenization effect on microbial metabolite lead predictable outcomes less or overly specific.

Language: Английский

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Infant formulae – Key components, nutritional value, and new perspectives

Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 424, P. 136393 - 136393

Published: May 18, 2023

Language: Английский

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Bifidobacterium and the intestinal mucus layer

Microbiome Research Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2(4)

Published: Sept. 27, 2023

Bifidobacterium species are integral members of the human gut microbiota and these microbes have significant interactions with intestinal mucus layer. This review delves into -mucus dynamics, shedding light on multifaceted nature this relationship. We cover conserved features interactions, such as adhesion positive regulation goblet cell production, well strain-specific attributes degradation. For each interface, we explore molecular mechanisms underlying their potential implications for health. Notably, emphasize ability to positively influence layer, its a mucin-builder therapeutic agent diseases associated disrupted barriers. By elucidating complex interplay between mucus, aim contribute deeper understanding microbiota-host interface pave way novel strategies.

Language: Английский

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Probiotics in Children with Asthma

Children, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(7), P. 978 - 978

Published: June 29, 2022

A type-2 immune response usually sustains wheezing and asthma in children. In addition, dysbiosis of digestive respiratory tracts is detectable patients with asthma. Probiotics may rebalance response, repair dysbiosis, mitigate airway inflammation. As a result, probiotics prevent relapse. There evidence that some probiotic strains improve outcomes this context, the PROPAM study provided two specific significantly prevented exacerbations episodes. Therefore, oral could be used as add-on therapy managing children asthma, but choice should based on documented evidence.

Language: Английский

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Isolation of Human Milk Difucosyl Nona- and Decasaccharides by Ultrahigh-Temperature Preparative PGC-HPLC and Identification of Novel Difucosylated Heptaose and Octaose Backbones by Negative-Ion ESI-MSⁿ

Analytical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96(16), P. 6170 - 6179

Published: April 15, 2024

Despite their many important physiological functions, past work on the diverse sequences of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) has been focused mainly highly abundant HMOs with a relatively low degree polymerization (DP) due to lack efficient methods for separation/purification and high-sensitivity sequencing large-sized DP ≥ 10. Here we established an ultrahigh-temperature preparative HPLC based porous graphitized carbon column at up 145 °C overcome anomeric α/β splitting problem developed further negative-ion ESI-CID-MS/MS into multistage MSn using combined product-ion scanning singly charged molecular ion doubly fragment branching Gal adjacent GlcNAc residues. The separation method allows neutral fraction 10 70 components, among which 17 isomeric difucosylated nona- decasaccharides were purified sequenced. As result, novel branched difucosyl heptaose octaose backbones unambiguously identified in addition conventional linear backbones. structures DF-novo-heptaose, DF-novo-LNO I, DF-novo-LNnO I corroborated by NMR. various fucose-containing Lewis epitopes different confirmed oligosaccharide microarray analysis.

Language: Английский

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Metagenomic Analysis of gut flora Structure and Function in Neonates Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 21, 2025

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) is a prevalent condition in newborns that significantly impacts their health and survival rates. In recent years, the potential role of gut-lung axis NRDS has garnered increasing attention; however, its specific contributions remain unclear. this study, we conducted metagenomics analysis fecal samples obtained from an observational cohort including (n = 25) healthy controls 15). The results indicated alterations both structure function gut flora NRDS. Specifically, group exhibited greater relative abundances Bacillota Nematoda compared to control group, while Pseudomonadota, Actinomycetota, Bacteroidota, Fusobacteriota were lower. At genus level, demonstrated Klebsiella, Escherichia, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus reduced Bifidobacterium Enterobacter. Functional changes included upregulation Staphylococcus aureus infection phosphotransferase system (PTS) downregulation metabolic pathways, such as butanoate metabolism glutathione metabolism. Additionally, synergistic mutually exclusive relationships between microbiota well clinical factors observed. These increase our overall comprehension pathogenesis offer important resources for identifying biomarkers.

Language: Английский

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Expert Opinion on the Use of Probiotics in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

Cureus, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 23, 2025

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) involves multiple consecutive miscarriages in early pregnancy, affecting a significant number of Indian women and placing substantial physical emotional stress on expecting couples. This expert consensus aims to highlight probiotics as promising option for enhancing fertility supporting successful outcomes, offering hope individuals couples affected by RPL. A group fourteen experts with diverse expertise gynecology, obstetrics, from across India gathered between June 29 30, 2024. According the experts, advanced maternal age emerges an independent risk factor miscarriage, increased risks among older women. The major contributors RPL include thyroid disease polycystic ovarian disease. Experts emphasize that vaginal microbiome dysbiosis, characterized reduced dominance Lactobacilli, is associated adverse outcome, such preterm birth, loss, events Oral probiotic supplementation, particularly strains like L. acidophilus rhamnosus, may improve embryo implantation, reduce miscarriage risk, support maintenance. healthy lifestyle choice minimal use antibiotics are important creating positive reproductive outcome. present opinion supports potential benefits probiotics, Lactobacillus species, managing improving outcomes. By promoting balanced microbiota, reducing inflammation, modulating immune responses, play critical role success.

Language: Английский

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The effectiveness of treatment with probiotics in preventing necrotizing enterocolitis and related mortality: results from an umbrella meta-analysis on meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials

BMC Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: April 11, 2025

Language: Английский

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Characteristics of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis metabolizing 2’-fucosyllactose: on the basis of comparative genomics, α-L-fucosidase properties and metabolomics

Food Bioscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 106639 - 106639

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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