Frontiers in sarcopenia: Advancements in diagnostics, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic strategies

Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 97, P. 101270 - 101270

Published: April 6, 2024

The onset of sarcopenia is intimately linked with aging, posing significant implications not only for individual patient quality life but also the broader societal healthcare framework. Early and accurate identification a comprehensive understanding its mechanistic underpinnings therapeutic targets paramount to addressing this condition effectively. This review endeavors present cohesive overview recent advancements in research diagnosis. We initially delve into contemporary diagnostic criteria, specifically referencing European Working Group on Sarcopenia Older People (EWGSOP) 2 Asian (AWGS) 2019 benchmarks. Additionally, we elucidate assessment techniques muscle strength, quantity, physical performance, highlighting tools such as grip chair stand test, dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), gait speed, short performance battery (SPPB), while discussing their inherent advantages limitations. Such pave way early unequivocal diagnosis sarcopenia. Proceeding further, provide deep-dive sarcopenia's pathogenesis, offering thorough examination associated signaling pathways like Myostatin, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), insulin/IGF-1 Signaling (IIS), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer activated B cells (NF-κB) pathways. Each pathway's role mediation detailed, underscoring potential target avenues. From perspective, underscores pivotal mitochondrial dysfunction sarcopenia, emphasizing elements oxidative overload, biogenesis, mitophagy, significance. At last, capture strides made treatment, ranging from nutritional exercise interventions pharmacological supplementation strategies. In sum, meticulously synthesizes latest scientific developments aiming enhance precision clinical practice insights refined innovative interventions, ultimately contributing optimized care field.

Language: Английский

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Advancing Precision in Physical Education and Sports Science

Advances in educational technologies and instructional design book series, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 293 - 326

Published: Sept. 6, 2024

This chapter provides an overview of the current state medical imaging methods in body composition analysis. It advocates a holistic approach that combines strengths different approaches and addresses their limitations. We discuss importance using standardized protocols to improve accuracy studies across populations settings. By examining capabilities limitations modalities such as DEXA, MRI, CT, ultrasound, we emphasize need for multidimensional obtain emphasis on complete understanding.

Language: Английский

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Biomarkers of frailty

Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 97, P. 101271 - 101271

Published: April 16, 2024

Language: Английский

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Development and clinical application of bioelectrical impedance analysis method for body composition assessment

Obesity Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(1)

Published: Sept. 30, 2024

Summary Obesity, which is characterized by excessive body fat, increases the risk of chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and certain cancers. Sarcopenia, a decline in muscle mass, also associated with many disorders therefore major concern aging populations. Body composition analysis important evaluation obesity sarcopenia because it provides information about distribution fat mass. It useful for monitoring nutritional status, disease severity, effectiveness interventions, exercise, diet, drugs, thus helps assess overall health longevity. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry are commonly used this purpose. However, they have limitations, high cost, long measurement time, radiation exposure. Instead, bioelectrical impedance (BIA), was introduced several decades ago has undergone significant technological advancements, can be used. easily accessible, affordable, importantly, poses no risk, making suitable use hospitals, fitness centers, even at home. Herein, we review recent developments clinical applications BIA to provide an updated understanding technology its strengths limitations.

Language: Английский

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The Contribution of Diet Therapy and Probiotics in the Treatment of Sarcopenia Induced by Prolonged Immobilization Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(21), P. 4701 - 4701

Published: Nov. 7, 2022

The prolonged immobilization associated with COVID-19 infection and the restrictions imposed by pandemic have determined major changes in physical activity eating habits, a negative impact on performance. This study monitored non-pharmacological interventions (diet therapy probiotics) managing sarcopenia for patients recent SARS-CoV-2 history (14 days). A prospective was performed 200 (between December 2020–December 2021), SPPB score < 9, randomly divided into: Group K—DP (93 patients) dietary (protein 1.2–1.5 g/kg) probiotics two months; K—non-DP (107 without diet probiotics. All were included specific training program (40 min), three sessions per week. Skeletal muscle index (SMI), serum albumin, hemoglobin determined. SMI initially low both groups significant statistical differences (6.5 ± 0.52 kg/m2 vs. 6.7 0.57 Kg/m2 K—DP, p = 0.135). After months, difference between initial final values (6.92 0.50 6.77 0.56 kg/m2, 0.048). In at end of study, more normal (n 32 → N 70) (p 0.001) fewer 0.001). albumin means (Group K—non-DP, 4.17 1.04 g/dL, 3.95 0.98 g/dL) not statistically significantly different 0.122). level improved following hyper protein enriched pro-biotics 0.003). Diet therapy, consisting increased intake demonstrated superiority improving functional status infection.

Language: Английский

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus related sarcopenia: a type of muscle loss distinct from sarcopenia and disuse muscle atrophy

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: May 24, 2024

Muscle loss is a significant health concern, particularly with the increasing trend of population aging, and sarcopenia has emerged as common pathological process muscle in elderly. Currently, there been progress research on sarcopenia, including in-depth analysis mechanisms underlying caused by aging development corresponding diagnostic criteria, forming relatively complete system. However, progresses, concept secondary also proposed. Due to incomplete understanding chronic diseases, are various limitations epidemiological, basic, clinical research. As result, comprehensive system have not yet established, which greatly hinders prevention treatment disease. This review focuses Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)-related comparing its similarities differences disuse atrophy. The show between three muscle-related issues terms changes, epidemiology manifestations, etiology, preventive therapeutic strategies. Unlike T2DM-related characterized reduction type I fibers, it differs from atrophy well. mechanism involving insulin resistance, inflammatory status, oxidative stress remains unclear. Therefore, future should further explore disease progression, prognosis develop targeted criteria effective strategies better address faced T2DM patients improve their quality life overall health.

Language: Английский

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Body mass composition analysis as a predictor of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: April 24, 2024

Introduction Body mass composition is directly related to health and its disorders are correlated with diseases such as obesity, diabetes, osteoporosis sarcopenia. The purpose of this study was analyze body among traditional elementary school students ballet students. Methods A total 340 participated in the study, 95 whom attended 245 Tanita BC-418 MA analyzer used composition. Such indices BMI (Body Mass Index), muscle mass, fat lean water content were evaluated. Results results show statistical significance for between high students, well Comparisons relation gender schools BMI, obtained for: BHSw (ballet women) EBSw (elementary women), ESw BHSm men) EBSm men), ESw. Comparing index (kg) school, - all comparisons. Analyzing pairwise comparisons by achieved a statistically significant difference EBSw, ESm. (kg), no differences observed analyzed children studied. value differed significantly groups gender. index, Discussion differs from that standard

Language: Английский

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The effects of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate or HMB-rich nutritional supplements on sarcopenia patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: July 12, 2024

Background Sarcopenia is a progressive, systemic skeletal muscle disorder. Resistance exercise and physical activity have been proven effective in its treatment, but consensus on pharmacological interventions has not yet reached clinical practice. β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) nutritional supplement that demonstrated favorable effects protein turnover, potentially contributing to beneficial impacts sarcopenia. Aim To assess the potential positive of HMB or HMB-containing supplements individuals with sarcopenia, systematic review meta-analysis was conducted. Methods A were conducted randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining treatment sarcopenia HMB. Two assessors independently screening, data extraction, bias risk assessment. Outcome synthesized through random-effects model meta-analysis, using mean difference (MD) as effect measure. Results six studies. HMB-rich showed statistically significant Hand Grip Strength (HGS) for patients [MD = 1.26, 95%CI (0.41, 2.21), p 0.004], while there no Gait Speed (GS) 0.04, (−0.01, 0.08), 0.09], Fat Mass (FM) −0.18, (−0.38, 0.01), 0.07], Fat-Free (FFM) 0.09, (−0.23, 0.42), 0.58], Skeletal Muscle Index (SMI) 0.01, (−0.00, 0.13]. Conclusion are strength patients. However, limited evidence demonstrating both performance individuals. may be considered option Systematic registration CRD42024512119.

Language: Английский

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Relationship between Muscle Mass by Bioimpedance and Vascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Salud Ciencia y Tecnología, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Introduction. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by elevated glucose levels, which over time can cause severe vascular complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, and cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Body composition, particularly lean mass, fat-free skeletal muscle mass key factor in preventing these complications. This study evaluated the relationship between body measured bioimpedance, T2DM patients. Methods. A quantitative, correlational, multivariate was conducted with 88 patients aged 18 to 90 years from clubs province of Tungurahua. Bioimpedance (Inbody S10) used measure composition. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, principal component analysis SPSS.Results. The results showed that decreased significantly age, correlates higher risk Skeletal had weaker correlation complications, especially case retinopathy. Microvascular neuropathy more related mass. Conclusions. Preserving are critical factors for reducing Physical exercise proper nutrition suggested maintain healthy older adults, strategy prevent microvascular macrovascular

Language: Английский

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Validation of a multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis device for the assessment of body composition in older adults with type 2 diabetes

Nutrition and Diabetes, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Oct. 20, 2022

Aging and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia. Diagnosis sarcopenia is commonly done using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in specialized settings. Another available method for assessing body composition direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (DSMF-BIA). Here, we examine the accuracy a DSMF-BIA (InBody-770) older adults T2DM when compared to DXA.Eighty-four obese/overweight (49 women, 71 ± 5 years) who were recruited CEV-65 study had both DXA assessments at baseline included. The included Bland-Altman plots intra class correlation coefficients. Sub-analyses performed according gender following 10 weeks interventions (diet, circuit training, Empagliflozin).The leg lean mass results 14.76 3.62 kg 15.19 3.52 kg, respectively, no difference between devices analyses (p = 0.353). Assessment appendicular skeletal index did not differ (7.43 vs. 7.47 kg/m2; p 0.84; ICC 0.965, < 0.0001; mean -0.068, 0.595). Gender treatment modify DXA.In degree agreement DXA, was high, supporting use measure muscle mass.

Language: Английский

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