Do Spanish Triathletes Consume Sports Supplements According to Scientific Evidence? An Analysis of the Consumption Pattern According to Sex and Level of Competition

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 1330 - 1330

Published: March 8, 2023

Background: The use of sports supplements (SS) to improve performance is very common in athletes. In the case triathletes, physiological characteristics sport may require certain SS. Although consumption SS widespread this sport, few studies have investigated it thus far. aim analyze pattern by triathletes according sex and competitive level. Methodology: This a descriptive cross-sectional study on habitual 232 Spanish-federated triathletes. Data were collected through validated questionnaire. Results: Overall, 92.2% athletes consumed SS, but no significant differences found terms competition level or sex. Yet, regarding for total (p = 0.021), number Group A from AIS classification 0.012), ergogenic aids 0.003). most-consumed bars, drinks, gels, caffeine (83.6%, 74.1%, 61.2%, 46.6%, respectively). Conclusions: high, rises regional national international levels. four most included category (greatest scientific evidence).

Language: Английский

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Nutritional Intake and Timing of Marathon Runners: Influence of Athlete’s Characteristics and Fueling Practices on Finishing Time

Sports Medicine - Open, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: March 16, 2025

Abstract Background Endurance athletes’ competitions have increased over the decades and marathon races are becoming increasingly popular. Proper nutrition is critical for optimal performance long-term health in athletes. This study aimed to investigate runners’ nutritional intake, especially fluids, food, supplements, competing Seville Marathon. A descriptive cross-sectional was carried out obtain information on consumption of liquids, supplements. total 160 runners (aged 42.2 ± 7.3 years) who were primarily men (87.5%) participated 2022 took part study. Results There no significant difference ( p > 0.050) between finish time (from 2 h 12 min 5 h) or sports experience fluid, carbohydrates (CHO), sodium, caffeine intake pre- post-competition. However, according results obtained, athletes met CHO recommendations during competition (60–90 g/h) more likely less than 180 = 0.035). Conclusions The (35 17 g/h), sodium (192 150 mg/h) (57 49 low compared current competition. fluids (466 279 mL/h) at lower limit recommendations. Most did not receive counselling by a sport dietitian, which may explain why failed meet specific nutrient Future investigations with larger sample size warranted assess relationship dietary time.

Language: Английский

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Analysis of Nutritional Supplements Use in Turkish Elite Skiers

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 16, 2025

Background Winter sports athletes are challenged with increased energy expenditure, glycogen utilization, and fluid loss due to cold environmental conditions. Nutritional supplements (NS) may provide improved health or performance, more effective training, a direct performance advantage for winter like skiers. Aims This study evaluates NS consumption in Turkish elite skiers of different competition fields (Alpine skiing vs. Cross-country skiing) levels (national international) according Australian Sports Institute (AIS) criteria. Methods Thirty-nine (Alpine, n = 27 Cross-country, 12) completed an consumption-related specific questionnaire, which included parts personal characteristics, sports/ patterns NS. Results Although 74.4% had previously used NS, only 28.2% consumed them during the season. No significant differences were found use between disciplines (p 0.709) 0.342). The most common reasons maintenance (28.2%) enhancement (25.6%). Popular vitamin C (23.1%), D (15.4%), green tea (10.3%), pharmacies Internet (15.4%) being main purchasing sources. Physicians (23.1%) dietitians primary advisors, although no observed groups regarding supplement use. Conclusion highlights that among is lower than other endurance not significantly influenced by type level. findings emphasize need enhanced education on evidence-based supplementation strategies tailored unique demands sports.

Language: Английский

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Sports Supplement Use in Road Cycling: A Comparative Analysis by Sex and Competitive Category

Sports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 122 - 122

Published: April 16, 2025

This study analyzes and compares sports supplement (SS) consumption among federated road cyclists, considering sex competition category. The aim is to identify key factors influencing SS use provide insights for developing nutritional strategies in cycling. A cross-sectional, descriptive was conducted, involving 1503 cyclists (1231 men 272 women). Data were collected through a validated questionnaire assessing anthropometric data, training habits, patterns, sources of information. Results indicate that 64.3% currently SS. Women reported significantly higher rate (88.2%) compared (59.1%), although had average intake than women (8.28 ± 9.36 vs. 6.76 5.96). Additionally, decreased with age level, elite showing the highest prevalence (76.3%) master 50 lowest (58.4%). Group supplements (scientifically supported) most frequently used, while C (limited evidence) D substances (prohibited) more commonly consumed by men. Findings highlight significant differences based on reporting prevalence. However, number consumed. underscores need targeted education, particularly promote evidence-based minimize risks ineffective or unsafe supplementation. Future research should explore long-term effects cycling effectiveness educational interventions safe optimized supplementation practices.

Language: Английский

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Dietary supplement use and knowledge among athletes: prevalence, compliance with AIS classification, and awareness of certification programs

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: April 22, 2025

The use of dietary supplements is widespread among athletes, with intake influenced by factors such as sport-discipline, competitive level, and gender. Australian Institute Sport (AIS) has categorized based on scientific evidence regarding their efficacy safety. Despite extensive global research supplement data Polish athletes remain limited. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate considering level Additionally, it assessed whether select in accordance the AIS classification examined awareness certification programs. This cross-sectional included 659 (309 women, 350 men) from various sports, representing both professional (57.7%) nonprofessional (42.3%) levels. An online questionnaire was used assess consumption, sources information supplementation, knowledge anti-doping Supplement according (Groups A - D). Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests Mann Whitney U tests, were conducted differences between well male female participants. high prevalence (91.1%) observed no significant (95.8%) (94.3%) or men (92.0%) women (90.0%). most frequently consumed sports drinks (63.9%), electrolyte (51.6%), isolated protein (54.6%), vitamin D (71.6%), C (59.8%), significantly higher athletes. Male more likely than females consume caffeine (p < 0.001), creatine β-alanine 0.001). Melatonin professionals 0.05). Awareness WADA regulations moderate (72.7%), but programs low, only 18.2% familiar Informed Sport, 10.7% Cologne List. Social media common source (41.9%), while 17.6% consulted qualified specialists nutrition supplementation area. highlights irrespective While many Group A, remains reliance social for information, combined lack guidance, underscores need improved education safe effective practices. Given risks associated contamination, targeted initiatives should enhance athletes' certified options.

Language: Английский

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Supplement Consumption by Elite Soccer Players: Differences by Competitive Level, Playing Position, and Sex

Healthcare, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 496 - 496

Published: Feb. 19, 2024

Soccer is a sport practiced all over the world and whose practice begins in young athletes. Currently, consumption of nutritional supplements essential to achieve maximum performance players. The aim this study was describe sports (CSS) by elite soccer players its association with their competitive level, playing position, sex. A comparative descriptive non-experimental performed during 2021–2022 season. total 70 completed one online questionnaire about CSS. We found that drinks (55.7%), bars (50.0%), whey protein (48.6%), caffeine (47.1%), creatine (60.0%) were most consumed sample. Relative categories, CSS higher senior teams for both men women. Regarding positions, more midfielders forwards (p = 0.013). Finally, relation sex, significant differences confectionery 0.036), 0.002), β-alanine 0.013), melatonin 0.016). club SS questionnaires gather data understand patterns, assess effectiveness risks, aid research. In conclusion, according position.

Language: Английский

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Are the Dietary–Nutritional Recommendations Met? Analysis of Intake in Endurance Competitions

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 189 - 189

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

Background: In recent decades the number of endurance events has increased, as well athletes participating in them. Adequate nutritional and water planning is essential to maintain optimal sports performance reduce incidence gastrointestinal problems. The main objective this study determine dietary intake compliance with recommendations two competitions, assess complaints. Methods: An observational cross-sectional was carried out on consumption liquids, food, supplements 42 triathletes mountain runners (MRs) a Vi-Half-Gasteiz triathlon Ultra Sierra de Cazorla trail run. At completion trials, participants completed validated questionnaire (NIQEC). Results: mean caloric during test 192.17 kcal/h, while carbohydrate 43.67 g/h, sodium 267.43 mg/h, caffeine 15.53 no significant differences between sports. amount liquids consumed by 421.21 mL/h, MRs. As for problems, it observed that presented discomfort 61.9% cases. Conclusions: intakes energy, carbohydrates, water, sodium, were lower than current recommendations. There carbohydrate, runners. Gastrointestinal problems showed high prevalence these athletes.

Language: Английский

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Development of an Instrument to Evaluate the Intake of Liquids, Food and Supplements in Endurance Competitions: Nutritional Intake Questionnaire for Endurance Competitions—NIQEC

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(8), P. 1969 - 1969

Published: April 19, 2023

Background: In the last few years endurance sports have experienced a great increase in number of competitions and participants. Dietary-nutritional planning is key for performing well during such competitions. To date, there no questionnaire expressly developed to be able analyze consumption liquids, foods, supplements, as gastrointestinal problems these events. This study describes development Nutritional Intake Questionnaire Endurance Competitions (NIQEC). Methods: The was composed following phases: (1) Bibliographic search most important nutrients, (2) focus groups (17 dietitian-nutritionists 15 athletes) generation items, (3) Delphi surveys, (4) cognitive interviews. Results: After an initial shaping with items that emerged groups, their relevance evaluated by means survey, which showed more than 80% approval items. Finally, interviews indicated simple complete its purpose. final NIQEC (n = 50 items) divided 5 sections: Demographic data; food supplements before, during, after competition; complaints, dietary-nutritional competition. Conclusions: NICEQ useful tool allows collecting information from participants on sociodemographic factors estimating intake liquid, food,

Language: Английский

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Are Supplements Consumed by Middle-Distance Runners Evidence-Based? A Comparative Study between Level of Competition and Sex

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(22), P. 4839 - 4839

Published: Nov. 20, 2023

Background: Middle-distance running events have special physiological requirements from a training and competition point of view. Therefore, many athletes choose to take sport supplements (SS) for different reasons. To date, few studies been carried out that review supplementation patterns in middle-distance running. The aim the present study is analyze consumption SS these runners with respect their level competition, sex scientific evidence. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, data was collected 106 using validated questionnaire. Results: Of total sample, 85.85% responded they consumed SS; no statistical difference found regarding or athletes. With differences were observed (p = 0.012), as well medical 0.005). Differences between sexes 0.002) group C 0.029). Conclusions: Higher-level consume greater On other hand, although most commonly evidence performance health runners, should improve both sources information places purchase.

Language: Английский

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Analysis of Sports Supplement Consumption in 1688 Federated Road Cyclists

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 123 - 123

Published: Dec. 29, 2023

The widespread use of sports supplements (SS) to enhance athletic performance extends cyclists, although little research has been conducted on this subject within sport. This descriptive and cross-sectional study involved 1688 federated road aiming analyse the pattern SS consumption concerning degree scientific evidence different categories. categorised based groups subgroups established by Australian Sport Institute (AIS, 2023) level evidence. Our results showed that 62.5% sample cyclists used SS, with an average 12.2 ± 8.6 consumed per participant. Health status (78.2%), pharmacies (62.5%), medical doctors (45.7%) were main reasons, purchase sites, sources information for consumption, respectively. most prevalent Sports Gels (94%), Bars (89.3%), Drinks (73.8%). Notably, 80% top ten belonged group highest according AIS, 6.9 3.2 However, 23.3% total consumers prohibited substances. In conclusion, while prevalence among is considerable primary purchasing obtaining advice are reliable, there a notable substance sample.

Language: Английский

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