Sarcopenia, osteoporosis and frailty

Metabolism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 145, P. 155638 - 155638

Published: June 20, 2023

Language: Английский

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Genes and Athletic Performance: The 2023 Update

Genes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 1235 - 1235

Published: June 8, 2023

Phenotypes of athletic performance and exercise capacity are complex traits influenced by both genetic environmental factors. This update on the panel markers (DNA polymorphisms) associated with athlete status summarises recent advances in sports genomics research, including findings from candidate gene genome-wide association (GWAS) studies, meta-analyses, involving larger-scale initiatives such as UK Biobank. As end May 2023, a total 251 DNA polymorphisms have been status, which 128 were positively at least two studies (41 endurance-related, 45 power-related, 42 strength-related). The most promising include

Language: Английский

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Diagnostic Criteria and Measurement Techniques of Sarcopenia: A Critical Evaluation of the Up-to-Date Evidence

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 436 - 436

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Sarcopenia, a geriatric syndrome characterized by progressive skeletal muscle mass and function decline, poses significant health risk among the elderly, contributing to frailty, falls, hospitalization, loss of independence mortality. The prevalence sarcopenia varies significantly based on various factors, such as living status, demographics, measurement techniques diagnostic criteria. Although overall is reported at 10% in individuals aged 60 above, disparities exist across settings, with higher rates nursing homes hospitals. Additionally, differences between Asian non-Asian countries highlight impact cultural ethnic variations criteria, cut-off values assessment methods contribute observed heterogeneity rates. This review outlines diverse criteria several supporting decision making clinical practice. Moreover, it facilitates selection appropriate tools assess sarcopenia, emphasizing its multifactorial nature. Various scientific groups, including European Working Group Sarcopenia Older People (EWGSOP), International (IWGS), (AWGS), American Foundation for National Institutes Health (FNIH) Definition Outcomes Consortium (SDOC), have published consensus papers outlining definitions sarcopenia. choice should be aligned specific objectives study or practice, considering characteristics population available resources.

Language: Английский

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Frontiers in sarcopenia: Advancements in diagnostics, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic strategies

Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 97, P. 101270 - 101270

Published: April 6, 2024

The onset of sarcopenia is intimately linked with aging, posing significant implications not only for individual patient quality life but also the broader societal healthcare framework. Early and accurate identification a comprehensive understanding its mechanistic underpinnings therapeutic targets paramount to addressing this condition effectively. This review endeavors present cohesive overview recent advancements in research diagnosis. We initially delve into contemporary diagnostic criteria, specifically referencing European Working Group on Sarcopenia Older People (EWGSOP) 2 Asian (AWGS) 2019 benchmarks. Additionally, we elucidate assessment techniques muscle strength, quantity, physical performance, highlighting tools such as grip chair stand test, dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), gait speed, short performance battery (SPPB), while discussing their inherent advantages limitations. Such pave way early unequivocal diagnosis sarcopenia. Proceeding further, provide deep-dive sarcopenia's pathogenesis, offering thorough examination associated signaling pathways like Myostatin, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), insulin/IGF-1 Signaling (IIS), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer activated B cells (NF-κB) pathways. Each pathway's role mediation detailed, underscoring potential target avenues. From perspective, underscores pivotal mitochondrial dysfunction sarcopenia, emphasizing elements oxidative overload, biogenesis, mitophagy, significance. At last, capture strides made treatment, ranging from nutritional exercise interventions pharmacological supplementation strategies. In sum, meticulously synthesizes latest scientific developments aiming enhance precision clinical practice insights refined innovative interventions, ultimately contributing optimized care field.

Language: Английский

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Pathogenesis, Intervention, and Current Status of Drug Development for Sarcopenia: A Review

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 1635 - 1635

Published: June 4, 2023

Sarcopenia refers to the loss of muscle strength and mass in older individuals is a major determinant fall risk impaired ability perform activities daily living, often leading disability, independence, death. Owing its impact on morbidity, mortality, healthcare expenditure, sarcopenia elderly has become focus research public policy debates worldwide. Despite clinical importance, remains under-recognized poorly managed routine practice, partly owing lack available diagnostic testing uniform criteria. Since World Health Organization United States assigned disease code for 2016, countries worldwide have their own codes sarcopenia. However, there are currently no approved pharmacological agents treatment sarcopenia; therefore, interventions primarily physical therapy strengthening gait training as well adequate protein intake. In this review, we aimed examine latest information epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, interventions, possible treatments with new drugs

Language: Английский

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Sarcopenia and Nutrition in Elderly Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study to Determine Prevalence and Risk Factors

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(11), P. 2440 - 2440

Published: May 24, 2023

Objective: To describe the prevalence of sarcopenia in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients aged ≥65 years and identify risk factors associated with sarcopenia. Methods: This is a multicenter, controlled, cross-sectional study 76 RA age- sex-matched healthy controls. Sarcopenia was defined according to revised criteria European Working Group on Older People (EWGSOP2). Whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) performed. Binary regression used assess relationship between sex, age, duration RA, Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) score, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score RA. Results: Nearly 80% participants were female, average age >70 years. Patients had lower muscle mass greater adiposity (fat-to-muscle ratio mean [SD] 0.9 [0.2] vs. 0.8 [0.2]; p = 0.017) than controls, mainly central area (android/gynoid ratio, median [p25–p75]: 1.0 [0.9–1.2] [0.8–1.1]; < 0.001). Twelve (15.8%) three controls (3.9%) confirmed (p 0.014). Sarcopenic obesity observed 8/76 (10.5%) 1/76 (1.3%) 0.016). The male sex (OR [95% CI]: 9.3 [1.1–80.4]; 0.042), disease 1.1 [1.0–1.2]; 0.012), nutritional status MNA 0.7 [0.5–0.9]; 0.042). Conclusions: Our results suggest that may be at increased for sarcopenia, adiposity, malnutrition (especially long-standing disease) have poor status.

Language: Английский

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Restoration of epigenetic impairment in the skeletal muscle and chronic inflammation resolution as a therapeutic approach in sarcopenia

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96, P. 102267 - 102267

Published: March 9, 2024

Language: Английский

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Muscle Mass and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: Adaptive or Maladaptive Response to Weight Loss?

Circulation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 150(16), P. 1288 - 1298

Published: Oct. 14, 2024

Recent studies have shown that pharmacologic weight loss with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and combination therapies is approaching magnitudes achieved surgery. However, as more achieved, there concern for potential adverse effects on muscle quantity, composition, function. This primer aims to address whether muscle-related changes associated treatments such GLP-1 RAs may be maladaptive (ie, adversely affecting health or function), adaptive a physiologic response maintaining minimally perhaps an enhanced improved function after treatment). Based contemporary evidence the addition of using magnetic resonance imaging, skeletal RA appear adaptive: in volume z-score indicate change commensurate what expected given aging, disease status, improvement insulin sensitivity fat infiltration likely contributes process quality, lowering probability strength Nevertheless, factors older age prefrailty influence selection appropriate candidates these because risk sarcopenia. Several maintain improve mass designed GLP-1–based are under development. For future development (and other therapies) loss, well patient-centered treatment optimization, introduction objective comprehensive ways assessing (including accurate meaningful assessments function, mobility, strength) important substantial numbers patients who will taking medications into future.

Language: Английский

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Adipose tissue in older individuals: a contributing factor to sarcopenia

Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 160, P. 155998 - 155998

Published: Aug. 10, 2024

Language: Английский

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Exome-Wide Association Study of Competitive Performance in Elite Athletes

Genes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 660 - 660

Published: March 6, 2023

The aim of the study was to identify genetic variants associated with personal best scores in Turkish track and field athletes compare allelic frequencies between sprint/power endurance controls using a whole-exome sequencing (WES) approach, followed by replication studies independent cohorts. discovery phase involved 60 elite (31 29 endurance) 20 ethnically matched controls. 1132 individuals (115 Russian sprinters, 373 (of which 75 were VO2max measurements), 209 controls, 148 287 Finnish muscle fiber composition cross-sectional area (CSA) data). None single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) reached an exome-wide significance level (p < 2.3 × 10−7) genotype–phenotype case–control athletes. However, 53 nominally 0.05) SNPs, four functional replicated. SIRT1 rs41299232 G allele significantly over-represented = 0.047) 0.018) compared increased 0.037) greater proportion slow-twitch fibers 0.035). NUP210 rs2280084 A 0.044) 0.012) TRPM2 rs1785440 0.034) 0.008). AGRN rs4074992 C CSA fast-twitch 0.024). In conclusion, we present first WES showing that this approach can be used novel markers exercise- sport-related phenotypes.

Language: Английский

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