Metabolic Crossroads: Unveiling the Complex Interactions between Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Metabolic Syndrome

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(6), P. 3243 - 3243

Published: March 13, 2024

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) are inextricably connected. Considering the increasing burden MetS OSA, in present review, we aimed to collate summarise potential pathophysiological mechanisms linking these pathologies. In short, obesity appears promote OSA development via multiple pathways, some which not directly related mass but rather complications obesity. Simultaneously, promotes weight gain through central mechanisms. On other hand, diabetes mellitus contributes pathophysiology mainly effects on peripheral nerves carotid body desensitization, while intermittent hypoxia fragmentation principal culprits OSA-mediated diabetes. Apart from a bidirectional relationship, together additively increase cardiovascular risk patients. Additionally, emergence new drugs targeting unequivocal results available studies underscore need for further exploration all with aim improving outcomes

Language: Английский

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Integrative metagenomic analysis reveals distinct gut microbial signatures related to obesity

BMC Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: April 5, 2024

Abstract Obesity is a metabolic disorder closely associated with profound alterations in gut microbial composition. However, the dynamics of species composition and functional changes microbiome obesity remain to be comprehensively investigated. In this study, we conducted meta-analysis metagenomic sequencing data from both obese non-obese individuals across multiple cohorts, totaling 1351 fecal metagenomes. Our results demonstrate significant decrease richness diversity bacteriome virome patients. We identified 38 bacterial including Eubacterium sp. CAG:274, Ruminococcus gnavus , eligens Akkermansia muciniphila, 1 archaeal species, Methanobrevibacter smithii that were significantly altered obesity. Additionally, observed abundance five viral families: Mesyanzhinovviridae Chaseviridae Salasmaviridae Drexlerviridae Casjensviridae . Functional analysis indicated distinct signatures as primary driver for function enrichment obesity, muciniphila bicirculans siraeum drivers healthy control group. our suggest antibiotic resistance genes virulence factors may influence development Finally, demonstrated vOTUs achieved diagnostic accuracy an optimal area under curve 0.766 distinguishing controls. findings offer comprehensive generalizable insights into features potential guide microbiome-based diagnostics.

Language: Английский

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Dihydromyricetin Promotes Glucagon‐Like Peptide‐1 Secretion and Improves Insulin Resistance by Modulation of the Gut Microbiota‐CDCA Pathway

Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 13, 2025

ABSTRACT Insulin resistance is a common metabolic disease, and its pathogenesis still unclear. The decrease of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) level mediated by the alteration gut microbiota may be pathogenesis. study was to investigate regulatory effect dihydromyricetin (DHM) on GLP‐1 insulin induced high‐fat diet (HFD), further explore possible molecular mechanism. Mice were fed an HFD establish model determine whether DHM had protective effect. could improve resistance. increased serum improving intestinal secretion inhibiting decomposition, associated with intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) proportions decreased expression CD26 in IELs TCRαβ + CD8αβ HFD‐induced mice. ameliorate modulation metabolites, particularly regulation chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) content, followed inhibition farnesoid X receptor (FXR) L cells glucagon gene (Gcg) mRNA secretion. This research demonstrates role “gut microbiota‐CDCA” pathway improvement levels mice administration, providing new target for prevention

Language: Английский

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The Effects of Food Nutrients and Bioactive Compounds on the Gut Microbiota: A Comprehensive Review

Foods, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(9), P. 1345 - 1345

Published: April 26, 2024

It is now widely recognized that gut microbiota plays a critical role not only in the development and progression of diseases, but also its susceptibility to dietary patterns, food composition, nutritional intake. In this comprehensive review, we have compiled latest findings on effects nutrients bioactive compounds microbiota. The research indicates certain components, such as unsaturated fatty acids, fiber, protein significant impact composition bile salts short-chain acids through catabolic processes, thereby influencing Additionally, these an effect ratio Firmicutes Bacteroides, well abundance specific species like Akkermansia muciniphila. has been found play altering absorption metabolism nutrients, compounds, drugs, adding another layer complexity interaction between microbiota, which often requires long-term adaptation yield substantial outcomes. conclusion, understanding relationship can offer valuable insights into potential therapeutic applications interventions various diseases health conditions.

Language: Английский

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Precision Nutrition Unveiled: Gene–Nutrient Interactions, Microbiota Dynamics, and Lifestyle Factors in Obesity Management

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(5), P. 581 - 581

Published: Feb. 20, 2024

Background: Obesity is a complex metabolic disorder that associated with several diseases. Recently, precision nutrition (PN) has emerged as tailored approach to provide individualised dietary recommendations. Aim: This review discusses the major intrinsic and extrinsic components considered when applying PN during management of obesity common chronic conditions. Results: The identified three main components: gene–nutrient interactions, intestinal microbiota, lifestyle factors. Genetic makeup significantly contributes inter-individual variations in behaviours, advanced genome sequencing population genetics aiding detecting gene variants obesity. Additionally, PN-based host-microbiota evaluation emerges an therapeutic tool, impacting disease control prevention. gut microbiome’s composition regulates diverse responses nutritional Several studies highlight PN’s effectiveness improving diet quality enhancing adherence physical activity among obese patients. key strategy for addressing obesity-related risk factors, encompassing patterns, body weight, fat, blood lipids, glucose levels, insulin resistance. Conclusion: stands out feasible tool effectively managing obesity, considering its ability integrate genetic application approaches not only improves current conditions but also holds promise preventing complications long term.

Language: Английский

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Clinically Effective Molecules of Natural Origin for Obesity Prevention or Treatment

Published: Jan. 31, 2024

The prevalence and incidence of obesity the comorbidities linked to it are increasing in world population. Current therapies for associated pathologies have proven cause a broad number adverse effects often, they overpriced or not affordable all patients. Among alternatives currently available, natural bioactive compounds stand out. These frequently contained pharmaceutical presentations, nutraceutical products, supplements, functional foods. clinical evidence these molecules is increasingly solid, among which epigallocatechin-3-gallate, ellagic acid, resveratrol, berberine, anthocyanins, probiotics, carotenoids, curcumin, silymarin, hydroxy citric α-lipoic acid molecular mechanisms signaling pathways been shown interact with endocrine, nervous, gastroenteric systems, as well regulate expression multiple genes and, therefore, proteins involved starvation-satiety processes, activation brown adipose tissue, increased lipolysis, decreased lipogenesis, inflammation, beneficial changes metabolism improved insulin sensitivity. This review provides comprehensive view nature-based therapeutic options address obesity. It offers valuable perspective future research subsequent practice, addressing everything from molecular, genetic, physiological bases study compound.

Language: Английский

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Clinically Effective Molecules of Natural Origin for Obesity Prevention or Treatment

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(5), P. 2671 - 2671

Published: Feb. 25, 2024

The prevalence and incidence of obesity the comorbidities linked to it are increasing worldwide. Current therapies for associated pathologies have proven cause a broad number adverse effects, often, they overpriced or not affordable all patients. Among alternatives currently available, natural bioactive compounds stand out. These frequently contained in pharmaceutical presentations, nutraceutical products, supplements, functional foods. clinical evidence these molecules is increasingly solid, among which epigallocatechin-3-gallate, ellagic acid, resveratrol, berberine, anthocyanins, probiotics, carotenoids, curcumin, silymarin, hydroxy citric α-lipoic acid molecular mechanisms signaling pathways been shown interact with endocrine, nervous, gastroenteric systems. They can regulate expression multiple genes proteins involved starvation–satiety processes, activate brown adipose tissue, decrease lipogenesis inflammation, increase lipolysis, improve insulin sensitivity. This review provides comprehensive view nature-based therapeutic options address obesity. It offers valuable perspective future research subsequent practice, addressing everything from molecular, genetic, physiological bases study compounds.

Language: Английский

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A Multi-Omics Approach to Disclose Metabolic Pathways Impacting Intestinal Permeability in Obese Patients Undergoing Very Low Calorie Ketogenic Diet

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(13), P. 2079 - 2079

Published: June 28, 2024

A very low calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) impacts host metabolism in people marked by an excess of visceral adiposity, and it affects the microbiota composition terms taxa presence relative abundances. As a matter fact, there is little available literature dealing with differences obese patients altered intestinal permeability. With aim inspecting consortium members their related metabolic pathways, we inspected microbial community profile, together set volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from untargeted fecal urine metabolomics, cohort made patients, stratified based on both normal permeability, before after VLCKD administration. Based abundances, predicted microbiota-derived pathways whose variations were explained light our symptom picture. totally different number statistically significant samples reflecting important shift taxa. combined analysis taxa, metabolomic delineates markers that useful describing obesity dysfunctions comorbidities.

Language: Английский

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Usefulness of Body Fat and Visceral Fat Determined by Bioimpedanciometry versus Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference in Predicting Elevated Values of Different Risk Scales for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(13), P. 2160 - 2160

Published: July 7, 2024

Obesity constitutes a public health problem worldwide and causes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (MALFD), the leading cause of in developed countries, which progresses to cirrhosis cancer. MAFLD is associated with obesity can be evaluated by validated formulas assess risk using different parameters such as body mass index (BMI) waist circumference (WC). However, these do not accurately measure fat. As strongly obesity, we hypothesize that measuring visceral fat electrical bioimpedance an efficient method predict MAFLD. The objective our work was demonstrate more than BMI or WC elevated A cross-sectional, descriptive study involving 8590 Spanish workers Balearic Islands carried out. study's sample employees drawn from those who underwent occupational medicine examinations between January 2019 December 2020. Five scales were determined for evaluating very high levels determination performed bioimpedanciometry. Student's t-test employed ascertain mean standard deviation quantitative data. chi-square test used find prevalences qualitative variables, while ROC curves define cut-off points calculations included area under curve (AUC), along their Youden index, sensitivity, specificity. Correlation concordance various Pearson's correlation Cohen's kappa, respectively. both total increase, increases statistically significant result (p < 0.001), presenting higher men. areas (AUC) five overweight determine occurrence values high, most them exceeding 0.9. These AUC circumference. FLD-high presented best results men women at around 0.97, fat, all cases (women = 0.830, 0.892; 0.780, 0.881). In study, show good association assessing are BMI. Both better scales.

Language: Английский

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Body Fat and Visceral Fat Values in Spanish Healthcare Workers: Associated Variables

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 649 - 649

Published: Feb. 11, 2025

Excessive body adiposity is a significant public health challenge on global scale. This study aimed to investigate the association between various sociodemographic factors and healthy lifestyle habits presence or absence of elevated levels. Two studies were conducted, retrospective longitudinal cross-sectional descriptive study. The analysis included 44,939 healthcare workers, categorised into four professional groups, explore relationship age, sex, smoking, physical activity, adherence Mediterranean diet adiposity, assessed as fat (BF) visceral (VF) Descriptive statistics encompassed categorical quantitative variables, analysed using frequencies, Student's t-tests, chi-square tests, multinomial logistic regression models. Associations, concordances, correlations further examined Cohen's Pearson's kappa coefficients. Age, activity most strongly associated with BF VF Odds ratios (ORs) indicated following associations: individuals aged 60 years older exhibited ORs 6.71 (95% CI: 5.68-7.74) for 12.18 10.01-14.26) VF; male sex was 2.21 2.06-2.36) 12.51 11.29-13.74) VF. Sedentary behaviour linked 3.69 3.41-3.97) 4.20 3.78-4.63) Among professionals, nursing assistants orderlies demonstrated highest levels adipose tissue accumulation. Elevated among personnel are significantly by factors, pronounced risk observed in orderlies. Further research focusing causal relationships behaviours this population will provide valuable insights support design targeted preventive strategies mitigate its prevalence.

Language: Английский

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