Cardiovascular Disease Management and Prevention in Saudi Arabia: Strategies, Risk Factors, and Targeted Interventions

International Journal of Clinical Practice, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2025(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the main cause of mortality and are generally among leading causes morbidity worldwide, thus placing an immense burden on health care. They include coronary artery disease, heart failure, hypertensive stroke. Among these, common risk factors hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle. Yet, with advancements in medical science pharmacology, these entities major challenges to public worldwide. In Saudi Arabia, rise CVDs has been intensified by rapid urbanization lifestyle changes needs unique tailored strategies. This review provides a comprehensive overview current situation regard cardiovascular underlining need for studying within local context. It reviews epidemiology Kingdom outlining some also their impact health. study deals pharmacological approaches toward offering data from clinical trials so far completed, point out effective strategies treatment. The prevention methods includes initiatives, programs, patient education, healthcare policies, role government insurance coverage, international collaborations. elucidates problems barriers system, especially vis‐à‐vis primary setting. light improving its sector, Arabia embarked several reforms Universal Health Coverage development initiative set framework Vision 2030.

Language: Английский

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Progress in Multisensory Synergistic Salt Reduction

Foods, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(11), P. 1659 - 1659

Published: May 25, 2024

Excessive salt intake, primarily from sodium chloride prevalent in modern food processing, poses a significant public health risk associated with hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and stroke. Researchers worldwide are exploring approaches to reduce consumption without compromising flavor. One promising method is enhance salty taste perception using multisensory synergies, leveraging gustatory, olfactory, auditory, visual, tactile trigeminal senses decrease intake while preserving taste. This review provides comprehensive overview of usage foods, mechanisms evaluation methods for saltiness. Various strategies reducing maintaining flavor examined, existing reduction methods’ advantages limitations being critically analyzed. A particular emphasis placed on the potential synergy reduction. Taste interactions, olfactory cues, auditory stimulation, visual appearance sensations enhancing saltiness discussed, offering insights into developing nutritious, appealing low-sodium foods. Furthermore, challenges current research highlighted, future directions effective promote proposed. aims establish scientific foundation creating healthier, flavorful options that meet consumer preferences wellness needs.

Language: Английский

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Epithelial Na ⁺ Channels Function as Extracellular Sensors

Comprehensive physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 41

Published: March 29, 2024

Abstract The epithelial Na + channel (ENaC) resides on the apical surfaces of specific epithelia in vertebrates and plays a critical role extracellular fluid homeostasis. Evidence that ENaC senses external environment emerged well before molecular identity was reported three decades ago. This article discusses progress toward elucidating mechanisms through which factors regulate function, highlighting insights gained from structural studies related family members. It also reviews our understanding regulation by physiology disease. After familiarizing reader with channel's physiological roles structure, we describe central protein allostery ENaC's sensitivity to environment. We then discuss each directly channel: proteases, cations anions, shear stress, other regulators particular compartments. For regulator, initial observations led discovery, investigating mechanism, pathophysiological implications regulation. © 2024 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 14:5407‐5447, 2024.

Language: Английский

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Climate Change and Stroke: A Topical Narrative Review

Stroke, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 55(4), P. 1118 - 1128

Published: March 4, 2024

The impacts of accumulating atmospheric greenhouse gases on the earth's climate are now well established. As a result, there have been increases in ambient temperatures and resultant higher frequency duration temperature extremes other extreme weather events, which linked to wide range adverse health outcomes. This topical narrative review provides summary published evidence links between change stroke. There is consistent associations stroke incidence mortality increasing air pollution. Associations also shown for changes barometric pressure, wildfires, desert dust sandstorms, but current limited. Flooding events appear primarily cause service disruption, more direct may emerge. Synergies dietary that reduce risk carbon footprint being explored. We discuss impact vulnerable populations, proposed pathophysiologic mechanisms, mitigation strategies, research priorities. In conclusion, increasingly community, warranting elevated attention.

Language: Английский

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Associations of Cooking Salt Intake During Pregnancy with Low Birth Weight and Small for Gestational Age Newborns: A Large Cohort Study

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 642 - 642

Published: Feb. 11, 2025

Background: Excessive salt intake has been strongly associated with multiple health conditions, while evidence linking consumption during pregnancy and birth outcomes remains limited. We aimed to investigate the association between adverse of weight. Methods: Our study was based on a prospective cohort that followed 4267 mother–child pairs since 2017 in Shanghai, China. Salt estimated cooking soy sauce from household condiments consumed, weighing measurements over week, then categorized into <5.0 (reference), 5.0–10.0, ≥10.0 g/day. density calculated as amount divided by total energy food frequency questionnaires. Outcomes related weight were defined according standard clinical cutoffs, including low (LBW), macrosomia, small for gestational age (SGA), large (LGA). Results: Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) LBW 1.72 (95% CI 1.01–2.91) 5.0–10.0 g/day intake, 2.06 1.02–4.13) g/day, compared those (p-trend = 0.04). For SGA, ORs 1.46 1.09–1.97) 1.69 1.16–2.47; p-trend 0.006) Similarly, OR comparing extreme tertile (high vs. low) 1.91 1.08–3.36; 0.01) 1.63 1.18–2.25; < 0.001) SGA. No significant associations observed relation macrosomia or LGA. These findings remain stable all sensitivity subgroup analyses. Conclusions: In this study, habitual above 5 increased risks which warrants confirmation interventional studies.

Language: Английский

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Practical application of preference mapping in commercial products for the development of low-sodium tomato-rosella ketchup

Applied Food Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100782 - 100782

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Development and Chemical, Physical, Functional, and Multi-Element Profile Characterization of Requeijão with Guabiroba Pulp

Processes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 1322 - 1322

Published: April 26, 2025

Five requeijão samples, classified as Brazilian cream cheeses, were developed: one control (without guabiroba pulp (Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg) and four with 5, 10, 15, 20% (m/m) pulp. They evaluated for pH, water activity (aw), color, texture, multi-mineral composition, carotenoid content, microstructure. The addition of reduced pH maintained Aw. samples 5%, 10%, 15%, presented a yellow–reddish coloration. formulation 5% had the lowest values firmness, resilience, spreadability. From 10% onwards, an increase in cohesiveness reduction creaminess observed. sample 15% better spreadability, while adhesiveness similar to control. No traces Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, or Se detected. detected elements, descending order, Na, Ca, P, S, K, Mg, Sr, Zn. β-carotene was predominant, enhancing α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, λ-carotene levels, especially at Microstructure analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed no significant differences. These findings highlight potential functional ingredient requeijão, its profile maintaining desirable textural physicochemical properties.

Language: Английский

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Effects of dietary approaches to prevent hypertension and enhance cardiovascular health

Discover Food, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Jan. 11, 2025

Hypertension (HT) significantly impacts cardiovascular health (CVH) by exerting chronic stress on arteries and the heart, leading to severe complications. This review explores intricate relationship between dietary choices high blood pressure (BP). Dietary are crucial in both development management of BP. Excessive sodium intake is a well-documented risk factor for HT, strategies reduce salt consumption can mitigate its adverse effects. Processed packaged foods also pose risks due hidden other unhealthy ingredients, making healthier alternatives essential. Potassium plays vital role managing BP, with potassium-rich supporting balanced diet. Saturated trans fats contribute elevated fat recommended. sugar negatively affects sugars popular requiring practical reduction. Alcohol caffeine influence moderate advised avoid potential risks. The Mediterranean diet offers holistic, evidence-based approach enhancing CVH, advice meal plans flavourful health-promoting regimen.

Language: Английский

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Molecular Characteristics and Thermal Stability of Salty/Saltiness-Enhancing Peptides from Enzymatic Hydrolysates of Agaricus bisporus

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 73(9), P. 5436 - 5449

Published: Feb. 21, 2025

Agaricus bisporus peptides with a saltiness-enhancing effect (24%) were obtained through favorable enzymatic hydrolysis conditions. To identify the molecular characteristics of peptides, A. protein was extracted and hydrolyzed under selected optimal The resulting further separated ultrafiltration gel chromatography characterized by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Molecular docking then performed transmembrane channel-like 4 (TMC4), leading to identification four key peptides: WDDVRGW, GRGGYFDEF, ARSIGVS, WDEVRGE. synthetic WDDVRGW proved be salty peptide peptide. aqueous solution 0.05% displayed saltiness 3.66 ± 0.13, 0.005% 0.4% NaCl presented 4.93 0.05, showing enhancement 11.4%. Both exhibited higher effects at lower concentrations. can maintain high (>15%) after thermal process 105-125 °C for 120 min, exhibiting desirable stability. initial pH 8.0 in reaction more beneficial formation peptides.

Language: Английский

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Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Gastric Adenocarcinoma: A Multicenter Case-Control Study in Brazil

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(13), P. 2867 - 2867

Published: June 24, 2023

Background: Few studies have evaluated the association between diet-related inflammation and gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) evidence is scarce in Brazil. This study a pro-inflammatory diet GA. Methods: A multicenter case–control was conducted total of 1645 participants—492 cases, 377 endoscopy controls, 776 hospital controls—were included. Energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DIITM) scores were derived from validated food frequency questionnaire. We used binary multinomial logistic regression models for analysis GA, its subtypes (cardia non-cardia, intestinal, diffuse histological subtypes). Results: In cases versus diet, estimated by higher E-DII scores, associated with risk GA (ORQ4vsQ1: 2.60, 1.16–5.70), non-cardia (OR: 2.90, 1.06–7.82), subtype 3.93, 1.59–9.70). 2.70, 1.60–4.54), cardia 3.31, 1.32–8.24), 2.97, 1.64–5.39), both intestinal 2.82, 1.38–5.74) 2.50, 1.54–5.11) subtypes. Conclusions: provides that an increased requires inclusion sodium due to importance carcinogenesis.

Language: Английский

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