Unraveling Adipose Tissue Dysfunction: Molecular Mechanisms, Novel Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Targets for Liver Fat Deposition

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 380 - 380

Published: Feb. 22, 2024

Adipose tissue (AT), once considered a mere fat storage organ, is now recognized as dynamic and complex entity crucial for regulating human physiology, including metabolic processes, energy balance, immune responses. It comprises mainly two types: white adipose (WAT) brown (BAT) thermogenesis, with beige adipocytes demonstrating the plasticity of these cells. WAT, beyond lipid storage, involved in various activities, notably lipogenesis lipolysis, critical maintaining homeostasis. also functions an endocrine secreting adipokines that influence metabolic, inflammatory, processes. However, dysfunction especially related to obesity, leads disturbances, inability properly store excess lipids, resulting ectopic deposition organs like liver, contributing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This narrative review delves into multifaceted roles its composition, functions, pathophysiology WAT dysfunction. explores diagnostic approaches adipose-related disorders, emphasizing importance accurately assessing AT distribution understanding relationships between compartments health. Furthermore, it discusses therapeutic strategies, innovative therapeutics adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs)-based treatments gene therapy, highlighting potential precision medicine targeting obesity associated complications.

Language: Английский

---

Clinically Effective Molecules of Natural Origin for Obesity Prevention or Treatment

Published: Jan. 31, 2024

The prevalence and incidence of obesity the comorbidities linked to it are increasing in world population. Current therapies for associated pathologies have proven cause a broad number adverse effects often, they overpriced or not affordable all patients. Among alternatives currently available, natural bioactive compounds stand out. These frequently contained pharmaceutical presentations, nutraceutical products, supplements, functional foods. clinical evidence these molecules is increasingly solid, among which epigallocatechin-3-gallate, ellagic acid, resveratrol, berberine, anthocyanins, probiotics, carotenoids, curcumin, silymarin, hydroxy citric α-lipoic acid molecular mechanisms signaling pathways been shown interact with endocrine, nervous, gastroenteric systems, as well regulate expression multiple genes and, therefore, proteins involved starvation-satiety processes, activation brown adipose tissue, increased lipolysis, decreased lipogenesis, inflammation, beneficial changes metabolism improved insulin sensitivity. This review provides comprehensive view nature-based therapeutic options address obesity. It offers valuable perspective future research subsequent practice, addressing everything from molecular, genetic, physiological bases study compound.

Language: Английский

---

Clinically Effective Molecules of Natural Origin for Obesity Prevention or Treatment

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(5), P. 2671 - 2671

Published: Feb. 25, 2024

The prevalence and incidence of obesity the comorbidities linked to it are increasing worldwide. Current therapies for associated pathologies have proven cause a broad number adverse effects, often, they overpriced or not affordable all patients. Among alternatives currently available, natural bioactive compounds stand out. These frequently contained in pharmaceutical presentations, nutraceutical products, supplements, functional foods. clinical evidence these molecules is increasingly solid, among which epigallocatechin-3-gallate, ellagic acid, resveratrol, berberine, anthocyanins, probiotics, carotenoids, curcumin, silymarin, hydroxy citric α-lipoic acid molecular mechanisms signaling pathways been shown interact with endocrine, nervous, gastroenteric systems. They can regulate expression multiple genes proteins involved starvation–satiety processes, activate brown adipose tissue, decrease lipogenesis inflammation, increase lipolysis, improve insulin sensitivity. This review provides comprehensive view nature-based therapeutic options address obesity. It offers valuable perspective future research subsequent practice, addressing everything from molecular, genetic, physiological bases study compounds.

Language: Английский

---

New Mediators in the Crosstalk between Different Adipose Tissues

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(9), P. 4659 - 4659

Published: April 25, 2024

Adipose tissue is a multifunctional organ that regulates many physiological processes such as energy homeostasis, nutrition, the regulation of insulin sensitivity, body temperature, and immune response. In this review, we highlight relevance different mediators control adipose activity through systematic review main players present in white brown tissues. Among them, inflammatory secreted by tissue, classical adipokines more recent ones, elements system infiltrated into (certain cell types interleukins), well role intestinal microbiota derived metabolites, have been reviewed. Furthermore, anti-obesity promote activation beige e.g., myokines, thyroid hormones, amino acids, both long micro RNAs, are exhaustively examined. Finally, also analyze therapeutic strategies based on those described to date. conclusion, novel regulators obesity, microRNAs or microbiota, being characterized promising tools treat obesity future.

Language: Английский

---

Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Reverse Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Pigs with Metabolic Syndrome and Renovascular Hypertension

Cells, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 40 - 40

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with low-grade inflammation, which can be exacerbated by renal artery stenosis (RAS) and renovascular hypertension, potentially worsening outcomes through pro-inflammatory cytokines. This study investigated whether mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) could reduce fat inflammation in pigs MetS RAS. Twenty-four were divided into Lean (control), MetS, + RAS, RAS MSCs. In the MSC-treated group, autologous adipose-derived MSCs (107 cells) injected six weeks after induction. After four weeks, volumes inflammatory markers assessed. MSC treatment reduced levels of cytokines (MCP-1, TNF-a, IL-6) vein blood perirenal fat. The also decreased fibrosis, restored adipocyte size, altered adipogenesis-related gene expression, particularly These effects less pronounced subcutaneous therapy attenuated improved metabolic suggesting that may offer a promising therapeutic approach for disorders.

Language: Английский

---

The effects of the gut bacterial product, gassericin A, on obesity in mice

Lipids in Health and Disease, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Jan. 4, 2025

Obesity can arise from various physiological disorders. This research examined the impacts of bacteriocin, gassericin A, which is generated by certain gut bacteria, using an in vivo model obesity. Fifty Swiss NIH mice were randomly assigned to five different groups. One group was given a standard diet, while remaining groups fed diet high fat and sugar. The test received A at doses 0.75, 1.5, or 3 mIU/kg through intraperitoneal injection, daily for 10 weeks. Body weight, fasting blood sugar, serum lipid profile, hepatic function indicators then assessed. Additionally, markers oxidative stress, expression levels specific genes associated with obesity, Zfp423, Fabp4, evaluated abdominal adipose tissue. high-calorie negatively impacted fat, cholesterol, LDL, enzymes. However, significantly improved these effects, despite increasing weight gain fat. Furthermore, it redox status, downregulated Zfp423 gene, enhanced Fabp4 gene. Finally, bacteriocin caused thrombocytopenia mild decreases erythrocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin levels. These results suggest that, causing gain, may improve obesity-related complications.

Language: Английский

---

Purple Sweet Potato Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Visceral Adiposity by Attenuating Inflammation and Promoting Adipocyte Browning

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 2, 2025

Accumulation of visceral fat has been reported to increase systemic inflammation. Purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L., PSP), known for its anthocyanin content, potentiates in mitigating oxidative stress. This study aimed investigate the underlying mechanisms by which PSP influences body deposition. Five-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 5) were fed a 43% high-fat diet (HFD) 2 weeks induce obesity, followed 19 HFD supplemented with 5% PSP. significantly improved weight and reduced mass adipocyte size. In subcutaneous adipose tissues, downregulated proteins FAS, ACC1, PPARγ inflammatory markers TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1. inflammasome components, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, HIF-1α. increased associated tissue browning, FNDC5, PGC-1α, UCP-1, particularly tissue. conclusion, effectively accumulation, attenuated inflammation, promoted browning.

Language: Английский

---

Chchd10: A Novel Metabolic Sensor Modulating Adipose Tissue Homeostasis

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 22, 2025

Abstract Dysregulation of adipose tissue (AT) homeostasis in obesity contributes to metabolic stress and disorders. Here, we identified that Coiled‐coil‐helix‐coiled‐coil‐helix domain containing 10 (Chchd10) is a novel regulator AT remodeling upon excess energy intake. Chchd10 significantly reduced the white (WAT) mice response high‐fat diet (HFD) feeding. AT‐Chchd10 deficiency accelerates adipogenesis predominantly subcutaneous store short‐term HFD feeding while upregulates glutathione S‐transferase A4 (GSTA4) facilitate 4‐HNE clearance mainly visceral prevent protein carbonylation‐induced cell dysfunction after long‐term Hence, attenuates diet‐induced related disorders mice. Mechanistically, enhances GSTA4 expression by activating TDP43/Raptor/p62/Keap1/NRF2 axis. Notably, beneficial effect eliminated hypertrophic adipocytes, where p62 strikingly reduced. Collectively, sensor maintaining homeostasis, loss under obese conditions impairs Chchd10‐mediated remodeling.

Language: Английский

---

Evaluation of antiobesogenic properties of fermented foods: In silico insights

Journal of Food Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 90(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

Obesity prevalence has steadily increased over the past decades. Standard approaches, such as energy expenditure, lifestyle changes, a balanced diet, and use of specific drugs, are conventional strategies for preventing or treating disease its associated complications. Fermented foods their subsequent bioactive constituents now believed to be novel strategy that can complement already existing approaches managing this disease. Recent developments in systems biology bioinformatics have made it possible model simulate compounds interactions. The adoption silico models contributed discovery fermented product targets helped testing hypotheses regarding mechanistic impact underlying functions food components. From studies explored, key findings suggest affect adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, appetite regulation, gut microbiota composition, insulin resistance, inflammation related obesity, which could lead new ways treat these conditions. These outcomes were linked probiotics, prebiotics, metabolites, complex substances produced during fermentation. Overall, show promise innovative tools obesity management by influencing metabolic pathways overall health.

Language: Английский

---

Physical exercise for obesity and T2DM mitigation in polycystic ovary syndrome: the role of adipose tissue

Metabolism and Target Organ Damage, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: March 11, 2025

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex disorder with great heterogeneity of signs and symptoms. However, hyperandrogenism considered hallmark PCOS, presented by most affected women. Women PCOS are at high risk developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which associated insulin resistance (IR) hyperinsulinemia. In turn, hyperinsulinemia interferes the androgen production ovarian cells, worsens hyperandrogenism, initiating feedback cycle. also greater obesity. Indeed, dysfunctional adipose tissue in obesity contributes to T2DM affecting action secretion through multiple mechanisms, such as lipotoxicity, inflammation, adipokine signaling. Therefore, obesity-disrupted can be seen an important target for development women PCOS. Because positively non-pharmacological easily accessible strategies physical exercise, this review provides comprehensive summary benefits exercise improve health decrease

Language: Английский

---