Brain Behavior and Immunity,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
124, P. 280 - 293
Published: Dec. 11, 2024
Weight
loss
is
a
common
early
sign
in
amyotrophic
lateral
sclerosis
(ALS)
patients
and
negatively
correlates
with
survival.
In
different
cancers
metabolic
disorders,
high
levels
of
serum
growth
differentiation
factor
15
(GDF15)
contribute
to
decrease
food
intake
body
weight,
acting
through
GDNF
family
receptor
alpha-like
(GFRAL).
Here
we
report
that
GDF15
highly
expressed
the
peripheral
blood
ALS
hSOD1
Molecules,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
29(23), P. 5525 - 5525
Published: Nov. 22, 2024
Microglia,
the
brain
immune
cells,
support
neurons
by
producing
several
established
neurotrophic
molecules
including
glial
cell
line-derived
factor
(GDNF)
and
brain-derived
(BDNF).
Modern
analytical
techniques
have
identified
numerous
phenotypic
states
of
microglia,
each
associated
with
secretion
a
diverse
set
substances,
which
likely
include
not
only
canonical
factors
but
also
other
less-studied
that
can
interact
provide
trophic
support.
In
this
review,
we
consider
following
eight
such
candidate
cytokines:
oncostatin
M
(OSM),
leukemia
inhibitory
(LIF),
activin
A,
colony-stimulating
(CSF)-1,
interleukin
(IL)-34,
growth/differentiation
(GDF)-15,
fibroblast
growth
(FGF)-2,
insulin-like
(IGF)-2.
The
available
literature
provides
sufficient
evidence
demonstrating
murine
cells
produce
these
cytokines
they
exhibit
activity
in
at
least
one
neuronal
model.
Several
distinct
types
are
partially
overlap
among
considered,
reflecting
either
their
intrinsic
properties
or
lack
comprehensive
studies
covering
full
spectrum
effects.
scarcity
human-specific
is
another
significant
knowledge
gap
revealed
review.
Further
on
potential
microglia-derived
warranted
since
may
be
used
as
targeted
treatments
for
neurological
disorders.
Deleted Journal,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 12
Published: Oct. 10, 2024
Glial
cell
line-derived
neurotrophic
factor
(GDNF)
is
a
potent
with
significant
research
value
due
to
its
profound
effects
on
dopaminergic,
cholinergic,
and
motor
neurons.
Initially
identified
for
neuroprotective
role
in
dopaminergic
neurons,
GDNF
has
been
found
support
various
neuronal
populations
plays
crucial
neural
development,
maintenance,
repair.
This
review
provides
comprehensive
overview
of
the
molecular
characteristics,
tissue
distribution,
physiological
function
protective
effect
series
diseases,
emphasizing
potential
therapeutic
applications.
Meanwhile,
this
study
discusses
challenges
delivering
across
blood-brain
barrier
explores
current
strategies
enhance
clinical
efficacy,
including
use
gene
therapy
innovative
delivery
methods.
In
summary,
underscores
promise
as
agent
neurodegenerative
diseases
nerve
injuries,
highlighting
need
further
translate
these
findings
into
practice.
Journal of Applied Physiology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
137(6), P. 1512 - 1523
Published: Oct. 31, 2024
Circulating
growth
differentiation
factor
15
(GDF15)
increases
during
exercise,
but
the
physiological
role
that
it
plays
has
not
been
elucidated.
Recent
data
suggest
GDF15
regulates
corticosterone
and
lipid
utilization.
Here
we
demonstrate
postexercise
nutrient
availability
influences
in
recovery
from
exercise
is
associated
with
indices
of
However,
associations
were
causal
as
exercise-induced
fatty
acids,
beta-hydroxybutyrate,
intact
−/−
mice.
Biogerontology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
26(1)
Published: Dec. 6, 2024
Abstract
The
GDF15
protein,
a
member
of
the
TGF-β
superfamily,
is
stress-induced
multifunctional
protein
with
many
its
functions
associated
regulation
immune
system.
signaling
provides
defence
against
excessive
inflammation
induced
by
diverse
stresses
and
tissue
injuries.
Given
that
aging
process
low-grade
inflammatory
state,
called
inflammaging,
it
not
surprising
expression
gradually
increases
aging.
In
fact,
core
factor
secreted
senescent
cells,
state
senescence-associated
secretory
phenotype
(SASP).
Many
age-related
stresses,
e.g.,
mitochondrial
endoplasmic
reticulum
as
well
inflammatory,
metabolic,
oxidative
induce
GDF15.
Although
an
effective
anti-inflammatory
modulator,
there
robust
evidence
pro-aging
promoting
process.
only
modulator
but
also
potent
immunosuppressive
enhancer
in
chronic
states.
can
stimulate
responses
either
non-specifically
via
receptors
superfamily
or
specifically
through
GFRAL/HPA/glucocorticoid
pathway.
stimulates
network
activating
MDSCs,
Tregs,
M2
macrophages
triggering
inhibitory
checkpoint
cells.
Immunosuppressive
suppress
processes
they
evoke
detrimental
effects
aged
tissues,
such
cellular
senescence,
fibrosis,
atrophy/sarcopenia.
It
seems
survival
go
awry
persistent
thus
diseases.
Brain Behavior and Immunity,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
124, P. 280 - 293
Published: Dec. 11, 2024
Weight
loss
is
a
common
early
sign
in
amyotrophic
lateral
sclerosis
(ALS)
patients
and
negatively
correlates
with
survival.
In
different
cancers
metabolic
disorders,
high
levels
of
serum
growth
differentiation
factor
15
(GDF15)
contribute
to
decrease
food
intake
body
weight,
acting
through
GDNF
family
receptor
alpha-like
(GFRAL).
Here
we
report
that
GDF15
highly
expressed
the
peripheral
blood
ALS
hSOD1
