Childhood Obesity: A Narrative Review

Cureus, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 14, 2025

Obesity among children has emerged as a worldwide health issue due to childhood obesity becoming pandemic, and it is often linked various illnesses, fatal outcomes, disability in adulthood. become an epidemic both developed developing countries, particularly youngsters. The most common factors contributing non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are unhealthy eating habits, desk-bound games, avoidance of physical activity-requiring activities, smoking, alcohol usage, other added items. All these increase NCDs, including obesity, resulting morbidities early death. Additionally, psychological, emotional, cognitive, societal, communicative effects. For example, raises the possibility issues related appearance, self-esteem, confidence level, feelings isolation, social disengagement, stigma, depression, sense inequality. Children who consume more energy-dense, high-fat, low-fiber-containing food than they need usually store excess body fat. Standardizing indicators terminology for obesity-related metrics critical better understanding comparability prevalence program effectiveness within between countries. underlying variables must be altered reduce or avoid harm target organ children. As result, reducing considerable public goal benefit society long-term well-being individuals.

Language: Английский

The impact of gestational diabetes mellitus on maternal-fetal pregnancy outcomes and fetal growth: a multicenter longitudinal cohort study

Frontiers in Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: May 20, 2025

Objective To investigate the impact of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on maternal and neonatal pregnancy outcomes fetal growth patterns. Methods A cohort 418 pregnant women was analyzed, comprising 203 with normal glucose tolerance 215 diagnosed GDM. Key factors, including age, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), weight gain, hypertension, were assessed for their association infant food allergy outcomes. At six months corrected weight-for-age z-scores (WAZ) incidence compared between two groups. Binary logistic regression linear analyses performed to identify significant predictors these Results Infants born mothers GDM exhibited significantly higher WAZ scores ( p = 0.026) an increased susceptibility allergies 0.043) those tolerance. Maternal factors such as advanced BMI, twin identified key risk Additionally, preterm birth, birth weight, parental history independently associated development in infants. Conclusion exerts a notable influence trajectories elevates allergies. Effective glycemic management during pregnancy, early monitoring development, targeted interventions addressing are critical mitigating long-term health risks children exposed utero . Further research is warranted explore underlying mechanisms potential preventive strategies this at-risk population.

Language: Английский

Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Late-Onset Complication of Pre-Eclampsia

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(8), P. 3605 - 3605

Published: April 11, 2025

Oxidative stress is a critical factor in the onset of gestational diabetes and its associated complication, pre-eclampsia. This study aimed to evaluate (1) reactive oxygen species, nitrogen superoxide radical levels as indicators oxidative stress, (2) lipid protein oxidation, (3) antioxidant enzyme activity, (4) cytokine production pregnant women with diabetes, well those both pre-eclampsia, comparing these biomarkers mellitus. The categorized patients mellitus into two groups based on presence new-onset hypertension, measured twice every four hours, 24 h urine test showing 300 mg/day or ≥1+ proteinuria detected via visual dipstick at ≥20 weeks gestation. These were compared normotensive patients. findings revealed that pre-eclampsia exhibited significantly elevated production, oxidation end products women. Additionally, showed reduced nitric oxide (•NO) levels, impaired NO synthase systems (eNOS iNOS), decreased activities (p < 0.05). results indicate are unable counteract effectively. underscores compromised status contributing complications. provide insights pathogenesis subsequent role resulting Measuring inflammatory could help early detection prediction gestational-diabetes-related complications

Language: Английский