Mitochondria: Central Organelles for Melatonin′s Antioxidant and Anti-Aging Actions

Molecules, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 23(2), P. 509 - 509

Published: Feb. 24, 2018

Melatonin, along with its metabolites, have long been known to significantly reduce the oxidative stress burden of aging cells or exposed toxins. Oxidative damage is a result free radicals produced in cells, especially mitochondria. When measured, melatonin, potent antioxidant, was found be higher concentrations mitochondria than other organelles subcellular locations. Recent evidence indicates that mitochondrial membranes possess transporters aid rapid uptake melatonin by these against gradient. Moreover, we predicted several years ago that, because their origin from melatonin-producing bacteria, likely also synthesize melatonin. Data accumulated within last year supports this prediction. A high content would fortuitous, since produce an abundance radicals. Thus, optimally positioned scavenge and degree damage. In light “free radical theory aging”, including all iterations, levels expected protect age-related organismal decline. Also, there are many age-associated diseases have, as contributing factor, These multiple may deferred onset progression if can maintained into advanced age.

Language: Английский

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Health Benefits and Molecular Mechanisms of Resveratrol: A Narrative Review

Foods, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(3), P. 340 - 340

Published: March 14, 2020

Resveratrol is a bioactive compound in many foods. Since its anticancer activity was reported 1997, health benefits have been intensively investigated. has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, glucose and lipid regulatory, neuroprotective, cardiovascular protective effects, therefore, can protect against diverse chronic diseases, such as diseases (CVDs), cancer, liver obesity, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease. This review summarizes the main findings of resveratrol-related recent epidemiological surveys, experimental studies, clinical trials, highlighting related molecular mechanisms. Resveratrol, regarded potent candidate for development nutraceuticals pharmaceuticals to prevent treat certain diseases.

Language: Английский

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Natural Antioxidants: Multiple Mechanisms to Protect Skin From Solar Radiation

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: April 24, 2018

Human skin exposed to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) results in dramatically increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The sudden increase ROS shifts the balance towards a pro-oxidative state resulting oxidative stress. detrimental effects stress occur through multiple mechanisms that involve alterations proteins and lipids, induction inflammation, immunosuppression, DNA damage activation signaling pathways affect gene transcription, cell cycle, proliferation apoptosis. All these promote carcinogenesis therefore, regulation levels is critical maintain normal homeostasis. Several botanical products have been found exhibit potent antioxidant capacity ability counteract UV-induced insults skin. These natural exert their beneficial pathways, including some known be negatively affected by UVR. Aging also accelerated UVR exposure, particular UVA rays penetrate deep into epidermis dermis where it causes degradation collagen elastin fibers via matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Because compounds are capable attenuating aging skin, attention has generated area cosmetic sciences. focus this review cover most prominent phytoproducts with potential mitigate deleterious suitability for use topical application.

Language: Английский

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Neuroactive compounds in foods: Occurrence, mechanism and potential health effects

Food Research International, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 128, P. 108744 - 108744

Published: Nov. 2, 2019

Language: Английский

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Melatonin in Cancer Treatment: Current Knowledge and Future Opportunities

Molecules, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 26(9), P. 2506 - 2506

Published: April 25, 2021

Melatonin is a pleotropic molecule with numerous biological activities. Epidemiological and experimental studies have documented that melatonin could inhibit different types of cancer in vitro vivo. Results showed the involvement anticancer mechanisms including apoptosis induction, cell proliferation inhibition, reduction tumor growth metastases, side effects associated chemotherapy radiotherapy, decreasing drug resistance therapy, augmentation therapeutic conventional therapies. Clinical trials revealed an effective adjuvant to all This review summarized biosynthesis, availability from natural sources, metabolism, bioavailability, melatonin, its use clinical trials, pharmaceutical formulation. Studies discussed this will provide solid foundation for researchers physicians design develop new therapies treat prevent using melatonin.

Language: Английский

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Bioactive Compounds, Health Benefits and Food Applications of Grape

Foods, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(18), P. 2755 - 2755

Published: Sept. 7, 2022

Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most popular fruits worldwide. It contains various bioactive compounds, such as proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, flavonols, phenolic acids and stilbenes, contents which could vary considerably in grape skin, pulp seed. Many studies have revealed that possesses a variety health benefits, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, gut-microbiota-modulating, anticancer cardioprotective effects. eaten fresh fruit also used raw material to produce products, wine, juice raisins. Moreover, byproducts grape, pomace seed, many applications food industry. In this paper, compounds are briefly summarized based on literature published recent years. addition, benefits its components discussed, with special attention paid underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, industry elucidated, especially This paper can contribute understanding mechanisms well promotion use

Language: Английский

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Pharmaceuticals targeting signaling pathways of endometriosis as potential new medical treatment: A review

Medicinal Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 41(4), P. 2489 - 2564

Published: May 5, 2021

Abstract Endometriosis (EM) is defined as endometrial tissues found outside the uterus. Growth and development of endometriotic cells in ectopic sites can be promoted via multiple pathways, including MAPK/MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NF‐κB, Rho/ROCK, reactive oxidative stress, tumor necrosis factor, transforming growth factor‐β, Wnt/β‐catenin, vascular endothelial estrogen, cytokines. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms include proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, migration, invasion, fibrosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, immune escape. Current medical treatments for EM are mainly hormonal symptomatic, thus new, effective, safe pharmaceuticals targeting specific molecular signaling pathways needed. Here, we systematically reviewed literature focused on that specifically target involved pathophysiology EM. Potential drug targets, their upstream downstream molecules with key aberrant signaling, regulatory promoting were discussed. Hormonal pharmaceuticals, melatonin, exerts proapoptotic regulating matrix metallopeptidase activity while nonhormonal pharmaceutical sorafenib antiproliferative effect MAPK/ERK pathway antiangiogenesis VEGF/VEGFR pathway. N‐acetyl cysteine, curcumin, ginsenoside exert antioxidant anti‐inflammatory effects radical scavenging activity. Natural products have high efficacy minimal side effects; example, resveratrol epigallocatechin gallate targets provide synergistic to resolve complexity EM, showing promising treating Although new currently being developed, more detailed pharmacological studies large sample size clinical trials needed confirm safety these near future.

Language: Английский

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Mitochondria: It is all about energy

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: April 25, 2023

Mitochondria play a key role in both health and disease. Their function is not limited to energy production but serves multiple mechanisms varying from iron calcium homeostasis the of hormones neurotransmitters, such as melatonin. They enable influence communication at all physical levels through interaction with other organelles, nucleus, outside environment. The literature suggests crosstalk between mitochondria circadian clocks, gut microbiota, immune system. might even be hub supporting integrating activity across these domains. Hence, they (missing) link Mitochondrial dysfunction related metabolic syndrome, neuronal diseases, cancer, cardiovascular infectious inflammatory disorders. In this regard, diseases Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), pain are discussed. This review focuses on understanding mitochondrial action that allow for maintenance pathways toward dysregulated mechanisms. Although have allowed us adapt changes over course evolution, turn, evolution has shaped mitochondria. Each evolution-based intervention influences its own way. use physiological stress triggers tolerance stressor, achieving adaptability resistance. describes strategies could recover functioning providing comprehensive, root-cause-focused, integrative approach recovering treating people suffering diseases.

Language: Английский

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Is Melatonin the “Next Vitamin D”?: A Review of Emerging Science, Clinical Uses, Safety, and Dietary Supplements

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(19), P. 3934 - 3934

Published: Sept. 22, 2022

Melatonin has become a popular dietary supplement, most known as chronobiotic, and for establishing healthy sleep. Research over the last decade into cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, fertility, PCOS, many other conditions, combined with COVID-19 pandemic, led to greater awareness of melatonin because its ability act potent antioxidant, immune-active agent, mitochondrial regulator. There are distinct similarities between vitamin D in depth breadth their impact on health. Both hormones, affect systems through immune-modulating, anti-inflammatory functions, found skin, responsive sunlight darkness. In fact, there may be widespread concern about deficiency “sunlight deficiency” reduced secretion result “darkness from overexposure artificial blue light. The trend toward use supplements resulted safety, especially higher doses, long-term use, application certain populations (e.g., children). This review aims evaluate recent data melatonin’s mechanisms, clinical uses beyond sleep, safety concerns, thorough summary therapeutic considerations concerning supplementation, including different formats available (animal, synthetic, phytomelatonin), dosing, timing, contraindications, nutrient combinations.

Language: Английский

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Dual sources of melatonin and evidence for different primary functions

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: May 14, 2024

This article discusses data showing that mammals, including humans, have two sources of melatonin exhibit different functions. The best-known source melatonin, herein referred to as Source #1, is the pineal gland. In this organ, production circadian with maximal synthesis and release into blood cerebrospinal fluid occurring during night. Of total amount produced in we speculate less than 5% synthesized by rhythm has primary function influencing clock at level suprachiasmatic nucleus (the CSF melatonin) clockwork all peripheral organs via receptor-mediated actions. A second (Source # 2) from multiple tissues throughout body, probably being mitochondria these cells. constitutes bulk mammals concerned metabolic regulation. review emphasizes action determining re-dox homeostasis, but it other critical effects well. Extrapineal does not a released acts locally its cell origin possibly paracrine matter on adjacent factors control/influence extrapineal sites are unknown. We propose concentration cells determined subcellular redox state may be inducible under stressful conditions plant

Language: Английский

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