A review of climate change impacts on migration patterns of marine vertebrates in Arctic and Subarctic ecosystems

Frontiers in Environmental Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Oct. 25, 2024

Climate change is impacting marine ecosystems throughout the circumpolar Arctic, altering seasonal habitats and food bases for fishes, seabirds, mammals. Arctic Subarctic regions provide resources resident species that migrate to north from more southerly regions. Changes in northerly latitudes thus impact endemic as well non-endemic animals. Herein, we review what known about climate-driven changes migration patterns of vertebrates, including: 1) residents with movements – those mammals complete their entire life cycle within but exhibit movements; 2) Breeding migrants many seabirds enter breed subsequently south fall; 3) Summer visitors feeding certain boreal arrive during northern summer feed on abundant prey though they elsewhere. Migratory are often driven by timing extent sea ice, which defines suitable habitat some animals limits access open water others. Longer open-water seasons, warmer ocean temperatures, stronger winds have resulted earlier production blooms spring often, extended open-ocean plankton into late summer, resulting altered types distributions. A common thread among taxa shifts distribution migrating indicate traveling farther north, or shifting longitudinally, migrations occurring over longer time frames. Species performing multiple lifetime long-distance may need adjust routing iteratively match productivity. Altered animal distributions phenology, reduced affects critical nutritional, economical, cultural components Indigenous people’s lives Arctic. Ongoing challenge resilience adaptability people ecosystems, will require adaptive research management approaches.

Language: Английский

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Blood Morphology and Hematology of Adult Baikal Seals (Pusa sibirica Gmelin, 1788) Under Professional Care

Animals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 217 - 217

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Studying the blood cell morphology of marine mammals provides an opportunity to elucidate physiological mechanisms adaptive changes associated with aquatic habitat that occur at cellular level, as well adaptations changing environmental conditions and under various pathological processes. The Baikal seal [Pusa sibirica (family Phocidae)] is endemic freshwater Lake Baikal, but comprehensive hematology data are not available. We studied morphological features cells twelve clinically normal, adult seals (n = 6 males, n females) from two oceanariums professional care for eight years. mature immature erythrocytes inclusions described. characterized by presence a size 8.2 ± 0.6 µm; Howell–Jolly bodies were rarely observed, number reticulocytes ranged 4.1 93.1 × 109/L, nucleated absent. neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, platelets Inter-individual sex differences in counts platelets, red cells, levels hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, hemoglobin concentration statistically observed. results could be useful veterinary care, immune response research, comparative studies other pinnipeds.

Language: Английский

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Trends and Geographic Distribution of Bacterial Zoonoses in Veterinary Cases in the Eastern Cape: A Ten-Year Retrospective Analysis

Journal of Infection and Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(6), P. 102738 - 102738

Published: March 7, 2025

Diseases affecting livestock can have ripple effects on surrounding ecosystems, especially by contaminating water sources. Their occurrence poses significant public health issues, in areas such as the Eastern Cape province South Africa, susceptible to climatic variations and where people animals often share sources, increasing risk of transmission waterborne zoonoses. Waterborne zoonoses are infectious diseases caused zoonotic pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, parasitic helminths transmitted from through aquatic environment humans vice versa. Tracking is an early indicator potential contamination sources used humans. This study analysed trends prevalence water-transmissible bacterial over ten years, identifying most frequently recorded zoonoses, their geographical distribution, determining animal species commonly associated with these diseases. Bacterial remain a global threat due for re-emergence, antimicrobial resistance, economic impact. employed monthly reports disease Ruminant Veterinary Association Africa (RuVASA) website. The data was aggregated month scale importance summarise trend time. Following this, specific frequently, more than 10 cases reported monthly, were explored. findings this reveal notable rise animals, particularly colibacillosis, across several regions Cape, Alexandria, Graaff-Reinet, Jeffreys Bay. Cattle had highest all three diseases-brucellosis, salmonellosis-emphasising role key reservoirs, compared sheep, cattle goats. provide critical understanding, posing risk, local hotspots transmission, animal's reservoirs that will potentially significantly contaminate shared presence near water. Analysing impact quality pose risks zoonosis spread outbreak needed holistic outlook recognising regress broader environmental implications, which line One Health principle considers interconnectedness between human, animal, systems.

Language: Английский

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Pathogen Prevalence in Cetaceans Stranded along the Italian Coastline between 2015 and 2020

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(9), P. 762 - 762

Published: Sept. 4, 2024

The monitoring of stranded marine mammals represents a strategic method to assess their health, conservation status, and ecological role in the ecosystem. Networks worldwide track stranding events for passive mortality patterns, emerging reemerging pathogens, climate change, environmental degradation from One Health perspective. This study summarizes pathogen prevalence data Italian Stranding Network (ISN) derived post-mortem investigations on cetaceans found dead along coastline between 2015 2020. decomposition carcasses logistics limited examination 585 individuals, out 1236 single-stranding reports. most relevant pathogens identified were Cetacean Morbillivirus, Herpesvirus, Brucella spp., Toxoplasma gondii, whose roles as stressors are well known, despite real impact still needing be investigated depth. Statistical analysis showed that age sex seem positively related presence pathogens. first step harmonizing investigations, which is crucial evidence-based efforts. Implementing diagnostic forensic frameworks could offer an indirect insight into systematic diseases improve identification regional temporal hotspots target specific mitigation, management, strategies.

Language: Английский

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First Detection of Gammacoronavirus in a Striped Dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) from the Adriatic Sea

Animals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(18), P. 2725 - 2725

Published: Sept. 20, 2024

This case report presents the first molecular identification of a gammacoronavirus in free-ranging striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) that was found stranded along Croatian coastline 2022. The exhibited concurrent infection with cetacean morbillivirus. strain amplified and sequenced from heart tissue imprinted on an FTA®card, revealing notable genetic distance (approximately 8%) previously characterized gammacoronaviruses. finding highlights importance including gammacoronaviruses routine diagnostics for dolphins to gather epidemiological data their prevalence potential role causing disease cetaceans. study sets premises further understanding diversity distribution marine mammals necessity ongoing surveillance emerging infectious diseases wild populations.

Language: Английский

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Narwhal, beluga and bowhead whale responses to marine vessel traffic: A systematic map

Ocean & Coastal Management, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 255, P. 107251 - 107251

Published: June 26, 2024

The remote and harsh environment that endemic Arctic whales (bowhead, narwhal beluga) reside in has so far limited their exposure to many human activities. However, industrialisation coupled with increasingly accessible ice-free waters means these species co-occur, are exposed to, a number of potentially impactful activities, which directly or indirectly associated marine vessels. We conducted systematic map, using five search databases, ascertain the current level understanding relating how respond vessels vessel-associated identified volume literature (n = 169), disparity between species, subpopulations, vessel types. Several types present (e.g. cruise ships, fishing vessels), yet received consideration. Similarly, several endangered subpopulations have little attention. Only sufficient impacts can we develop appropriate management mitigation measures effectively conserve unique, vulnerable inherently valuable species.

Language: Английский

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First detection of influenza A virus subtypes H1N1 and H3N8 in the Antarctic region: King George Island, 2023

Problems of Virology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 69(4), P. 377 - 389

Published: Sept. 26, 2024

Influenza A virus is characterized by a segmented single-stranded RNA genome. Such organization of the genome determines possibility reassortment, which can lead to emergence new variants. The main natural reservoir most influenza subtypes are wild waterfowl. Seasonal migrations gather waterfowl from all major migration routes nesting areas near northern and southern polar circles. This makes intercontinental spread viruses possible. Objective ‒ conduct molecular genetic monitoring study phylogenetic relationships variants circulating in Antarctica 2023.

Language: Английский

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Reproductive Specialization Can Increase Extinction Risk in the Face of Arctic Climate Change – Ringed Seal Breeding Habitat Now and in the Future

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

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Language: Английский

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VIRAL METAGENOMIC SURVEY OF CASPIAN SEALS

Published: July 14, 2024

Abstract Viral diseases of pinnipeds cause substantial mortality and morbidity can influence population demography. metagenomic studies therefore play an important role in pinniped health assessments disease surveillance relevant to both individual species a ‘One Health’ context. This study used approach with high throughput sequencing make the first assessment viral diversity Caspian seals ( Pusa caspica ), only marine mammal endemic Sea. Sequencing libraries from 35 sampled 2009-2020 were analysed, finding sequences families Picornaviridae, Adenoviridae, Circoviridae, Herpesviridae, Papillomaviridae, Caliciviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Anelloviridae, Smacoviridae, Cruciviridae Parvoviridae . The similarity contigs seal those recovered other ranged 63.74% (San Miguel sea lion calicivirus) 78.79% (Seal anellovirus 4). Some may represent novel species, but overall, repertoire is similar available viromes pinnipeds. Among partial for influenza B, representing second such molecular identification mammals. work provides foundation further communities seals, more generally, contributes data risk

Language: Английский

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Viral metagenomic survey of Caspian seals

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Sept. 18, 2024

Introduction Viral diseases of pinnipeds cause substantial mortality and morbidity can influence population demography. metagenomic studies therefore play an important role in pinniped health assessments disease surveillance relevant to both individual species a “One Health” context. Methods This study used approach with high throughput sequencing make the first assessment viral diversity Caspian seals ( Pusa caspica ), only marine mammal endemic Sea. Results Sequencing libraries from 35 sampled 2009–2020 were analysed, finding sequences families Circoviridae, Parvoviridae, Herpesviridae, Papillomaviridae, Picornaviridae, Caliciviridae, Cruciviridae, Anelloviridae, Smacoviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, additional detection Adenoviridae via PCR. The similarity contigs seal recovered other ranged 63.74% (San Miguel sea lion calicivirus) 78.79% (Seal anellovirus 4). Discussion Some findings represent novel species, but overall, repertoire is similar available viromes pinnipeds. Among partial for influenza B, representing second such molecular identification mammals. work provides foundation further communities seals, more generally, contributes data risk

Language: Английский

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