Harnessing Epigenetics: Innovative Approaches in Diagnosing and Combating Viral Acute Respiratory Infections

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 129 - 129

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) caused by viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, influenza viruses, and syncytial virus (RSV), pose significant global health challenges, particularly for the elderly immunocompromised individuals. Substantial evidence indicates that acute viral can manipulate host's epigenome through mechanisms like DNA methylation histone modifications part of immune response. These epigenetic alterations persist beyond phase, influencing long-term immunity susceptibility to subsequent infections. Post-infection modulation host may help distinguish infected from uninfected individuals predict disease severity. Understanding these interactions is crucial developing effective treatments preventive strategies ARIs. This review highlights critical role following ARIs in regulating innate defense mechanisms. We discuss implications diagnosing, preventing, treating infections, contributing advancement precision medicine. Recent studies have identified specific changes, hypermethylation interferon-stimulated genes severe COVID-19 cases, which could serve biomarkers early detection progression. Additionally, therapies, including inhibitors methyltransferases deacetylases, show promise modulating response improving patient outcomes. Overall, this provides valuable insights into landscape ARIs, extending traditional genetic perspectives. are essential advancing diagnostic techniques innovative address growing threat emerging causing globally.

Language: Английский

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Reassessing the Risk of Severe Parvovirus B19 Infection in the Immunocompetent Population: A Call for Vigilance in the Wake of Resurgence

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(9), P. 1352 - 1352

Published: Aug. 24, 2024

Despite Parvovirus B19 (B19V) generally causing mild or asymptomatic infections, and only certain high-risk groups such as hematological immunocompromised patients pregnant women tending to develop complications, several factors challenge the assumption of a "benign" clinical course in immunocompetent adults adolescents. A significant proportion population may harbor undiagnosed health conditions genetic predispositions that could render them more susceptible severe B19V complications. These include disorders, immune dysregulation not resulting overt immunodeficiency, underlying cardiac conditions. Concurrent infections with other pathogens, even seemingly minor ones, synergistically increase severity infection, leading pronounced manifestations. While definitively proven, possibility emerging strains increased virulence altered tissue tropism cannot be entirely discounted. Additionally, period pandemic-related restrictions likely led reduced circulation, potentially cohort young limited natural immunity, making vulnerable infection. Potential consequences atypical presentations, individuals without known risk factors. The traditional focus on primarily pediatric concern might lead underdiagnosis delayed diagnosis adults, hindering timely intervention management. surge B19V-related if individually mild, collectively strain healthcare resources, particularly settings capacity pre-existing pressures. Possible recommendations are heighten awareness high index suspicion for infection adolescents presenting compatible symptoms, absence classic expanding testing criteria enhancing public surveillance efforts would prudent.

Language: Английский

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Viral Codetection and Clinical Outcomes of Infants Hospitalized With Bronchiolitis: A Multicenter Cohort Study

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

Background: The simultaneous identification of multiple respiratory viruses is common in infants hospitalized with tract infections. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) one the main pathogens bronchiolitis, although codetection rhinovirus, influenza and other may occur about one-third cases. relevance viral on disease severity still controversial. This multicenter cohort study aimed to assess clinical outcomes under 24 months comparing those testing positive for RSV alone, plus another ≥2 distinct from RSV. Methods: Data were collected across 13 hospitals Lombardy, Italy, both prepandemic pandemic years. Random effect regression models also employed test association between 3 groups (infants no but than RSV) course adjusted potential confounders. Results: Among 1788 infants, 86.7% tested 6.9% 6.3% viruses. Significant differences found outcomes: non-RSV had shorter oxygen supplementation, intensive care hospital stay compared alone. Notably, was associated a higher risk radiologically confirmed pneumonia, whereas detection inversely pneumonia. Conclusions: These findings point out that milder courses alone bronchiolitis. On hand, patients are at pneumonia affected by Further research required understand underlying mechanisms optimize management strategies bronchiolitis

Language: Английский

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Inhaled Dry Powder of Antiviral Agents: A Promising Approach to Treating Respiratory Viral Pathogens

Viruses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 252 - 252

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

Inhaled dry powder formulations of antiviral agents represent a novel and potentially transformative approach to managing respiratory viral infections. Traditional therapies in the form tablets or capsules often face limitations terms therapeutic activity, systemic side effects, delayed onset action. Dry inhalers (DPIs) provide targeted delivery system, ensuring direct administration antivirals infection site, tract, which enhance efficacy minimize exposure. This review explores current state inhaled agents, their advantages over traditional routes, specific under development. We discuss benefits delivery, such as improved drug deposition lungs reduced alongside considerations related formulation preparation. In addition, we summarize developed (published marketed) powders agents.

Language: Английский

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Etiological Spectrum of Acute Respiratory Infections in Bulgaria During the 2023–2024 Season and Genetic Diversity of Circulating Influenza Viruses

Viruses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 270 - 270

Published: Feb. 16, 2025

Influenza poses a serious threat to both individual and public health. This study aimed investigate the virological epidemiological characteristics of influenza infections explore genetic diversity circulating viruses. In total, 1886 nasopharyngeal specimens from patients with acute respiratory illnesses were tested against 13 viruses using multiplex real-time PCR. Whole-genome sequencing, phylogenetic, amino acid analyses representative strains performed. At least one virus was detected in 869 (46.1%) patients; 87 (4.6%) co-infected two or three A(H1N1)pdm09 most prevalent (16.1%), followed by rhinoviruses (8.1%) RSV (6.7%). Hemagglutinin (HA) genes 74 categorized subclades C.1.8, C.1.9, C.1 within clade 5a.2a D1, D.2, D.3 5a.2a.1. The A(H3N2) analyzed belonged 2a.3a.1, J.2 J.1. sequenced B/Victoria lineage fell into V1A.3a.2, C.5.6 C.5.7. Amino substitutions viral proteins identified compared vaccine strains, including HA antigenic sites. demonstrated dominant distribution among studied

Language: Английский

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Development of a tongue image-based machine learning tool for the diagnosis of acute respiratory tract infection (Preprint)

Published: March 18, 2025

Background: Tongue characteristics, widely utilized in traditional Chinese medicine for health assessment, have been shown to correlate with specific respiratory infections. With the ongoing global spread of Human adenoviruses (HAdVs), COVID-19, and other seasonal viruses, this study aims enhance convenience cost-effectiveness infection diagnoses by developing prediction models based on tongue characteristics. Method: This deep learning extract features from 280 images collected COVID-19 patients, HAdVs healthy individuals. Machine diagnostic were subsequently trained these characteristics distinguish between normal cases those indicative The key identified machine algorithms further visualized a two-dimensional space. Result: Nine significant identified: coating color (red, green, blue), presence tooth marks, crack ratio, moisture level, texture directionality, roughness, contrast. Diagnostic achieved an area under precision-recall curve exceeding 70%, receiver operating characteristic surpassing 80% general performance. SHAP value revealed that color, direction most influential features. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate potential diagnosis identifying pathogens responsible acute tract infections at time admission. approach holds clinical implications, offering reduce clinician workloads while improving accuracy overall quality medical care.

Language: Английский

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Peptides targeting RAB11A–FIP2 complex inhibit HPIV3, RSV, and IAV replication as broad-spectrum antivirals

Cell & Bioscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 21, 2025

Abstract Background The cytoskeletal framework plays a critical role in the early stages of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3) replication, including viral mRNA synthesis and translation. However, its contribution to later infection, particularly context RNA biology, is not well understood. This study focuses on cytoskeleton nucleocapsid (vRNP, ribonucleoprotein complex essential for replication) transport, assembly, budding, explores cooperative small GTPase RAB11A effector RAB11 family interacting protein 2 (FIP2) vRNP trafficking. These processes are crucial respiratory viruses like syncytial (RSV) influenza A (IAV), highlighting importance RNA–protein interactions pathogenesis. Results Through use cytoskeleton-depolymerizing agents, identified actin microfilaments as indispensable particle budding. It also revealed RAB11A–FIP2 these processes, which intracellular trafficking RNA. development peptides targeting led suppression function infected cells, resulting aggregation cytoplasm reduced replication. peptide YT-DRI showed strong broad-spectrum antiviral activity against HPIV3, RSV, IAV cellular animal models was effective co-infections vitro. effects were abolished upon deletion or core components pathway. Conclusion work introduces promising strategy tract infections by complex, regulates transport assembly By disrupting this pathway, effectively inhibits replication multiple viruses, IAV.

Language: Английский

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Impact of co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses on illness: Pooled analyses of 11 COVID-19 cohorts

Journal of Infection, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 106501 - 106501

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Advances in nucleic acid aptamer-based detection of respiratory virus and bacteria: a mini review

Virology Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Sept. 30, 2024

Language: Английский

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Bacterial and Viral Co-Infections in COVID-19 Patients: Etiology and Clinical Impact

Published: Aug. 28, 2024

The risk of a fatal outcome was 41% in unvaccinated patients (p = 0.713), which increased by 2.66% with co-infection two pathogens 0.342) and 26% three 0.005). Additionally, 50% ICU had triple infection, compared only 1.3% the inpatient unit 0.0029). death and/or admission 12 times higher 0.042) an additional pathogen 95% 0.003) third concomitant pathogen. Regular multiplex testing is important for prompt treatment targeted antibiotic use.

Language: Английский

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