Composition, Influencing Factors, and Effects on Host Nutrient Metabolism of Fungi in Gastrointestinal Tract of Monogastric Animals

Animals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 710 - 710

Published: March 1, 2025

Intestinal fungi, collectively referred to as mycobiota, constitute a small (0.01-2%) but crucial component of the overall intestinal microbiota. While fungi are far less abundant than bacteria in gut, volume an average fungal cell is roughly 100-fold greater that bacterial cell. They play vital role nutrient metabolism and maintaining health. The composition spatial organization mycobiota vary across different animal species influenced by multitude factors, including age, diet, host's physiological state. At present, quantitative research on monogastric animals remains scarce, investigations into mechanisms underlying their metabolic functions also relatively restricted. This review delves distribution characteristics Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kazachstania slooffiae, animals, factors influencing composition, consequent impacts host objective offer insights for deeper understanding nutritional significance explore which they affect health relation inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), diarrhea, obesity. Through systematic evaluation functional contributions, this shifts our perception from overlooked commensals key components gut ecosystem dynamics, emphasizing potential personalized control regulation enhancement prevention treatment strategies.

Language: Английский

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Microbiota, parasitic infections and their relationship with nutritional status and neurocognitive functioning in children from Ecuador—Proyecto Guagua: research protocol for a cross-sectional study

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 29, 2025

Introduction This protocol outlines the Proyecto Guagua, which aims to explore relationship between characteristics of gut microbiota, parasitic infections, nutritional status, and neurocognitive functioning in school-age children Ecuador. Methods analysis Guagua is a cross-sectional observational study funded by Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo. It being carried out several counties across different geographical regions Ecuador, including Galápagos. The targets regularly attending school, aged 6–12. We aim recruit 450 children, with data already collected from nearly 300 participants (67%). Enrolled undergo comprehensive evaluations assessing body composition, motor learning, social skills, cognitive ability, sleep habits, physical activity. Caretakers school teachers are interviewed regarding hygiene, eating food handling. Stool samples analyze microbiota determine presence parasites. In phase, we describe differences population structure diversity among undernourished obese/overweight parasitosis compared their peers. also plan test hypothesis that an altered mediates influence malnutrition on parasitosis. Ethics dissemination received ethical approval Committee Universidad Cuenca July 2022. Following pilot addendum minor changes design were approved October Written consent was obtained parents before enrolling study. Parents informed right withdraw at any time. findings “Proyecto Guagua” will be disseminated through open-access, peer-reviewed publications presented local international scientific events.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Different Levels of Flea Infestation on Gut Microbiota of Brandt’s Voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) in China

Animals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 669 - 669

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Brandt's vole is a common small rodent, and its gut microbiota critical to host health immune function. The parasitic fleas commonly found in voles cause an response, but their impact on the remains unclear. According level of flea infestation, were divided into control group, low-infestation high-infestation group. changes microbial community composition, abundance, diversity evaluated using 16S rRNA sequencing. Flea infestation significantly affected body weight, food intake, structure. group exhibited most pronounced weight while showed least. In 4th week, sequencing revealed increase alpha alterations composition. Beta-diversity analysis indicated significant differences intestinal between experimental groups By 8th these had diminished, suggesting that stabilized or recovered over time. Overall, alters diversity, structure, characteristic enrichment voles, potentially impacting metabolism, immunity, growth. While this study lasted 8 weeks, long-term effects may persist. Future research should elucidate interaction mechanisms parasites hosts, define time frames impacts, provide theoretical support for animal management disease control.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota regulates intestinal goblet cell response and mucin production by influencing the TLR2-SPDEF axis in an enteric parasitic infection

Mucosal Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Alterations in goblet cell biology constitute one of the most effective host responses against enteric parasites. In gastrointestinal (GI) tract, millions bacteria influence these by binding to pattern recognition receptors such as toll-like (TLRs). Studies suggest that gut microbiota also interacts bidirectionally with parasites, including Trichuris muris. Here, we study roles T. muris-altered and TLR2-SPDEF axis parasitic defense. acute muris infection, observed altered composition, which, when transferred germ-free mice, resulted increased numbers, Th2 cytokines Muc2 expression, well Tlr2. Further, antibiotic (ABX)-treated TLR2-/- despite having received same microbiota, displayed diminished response, and, intriguingly, SPDEF expression compared wildtype counterparts. When infected muris, SPDEF-/- mice exhibited a reduced response microbial composition SPDEF+/+, particularly on day 14 post-infection, this was sufficient alter ABX-treated mice. Taken together, our findings axis, via muris-induced changes, is an important regulator function host's

Language: Английский

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Behavioral Cooperation or Conflict of Human Intestinal Roundworms and Microbiomes: A Bio-Activity Perspective

Cells, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 556 - 556

Published: April 7, 2025

Human infections are greatly impacted by intestinal nematodes. These nematodes, which encompass the large roundworms, have a direct impact on human health and well-being due to their close cohabitation with host’s microorganisms. When nematodes infect host, microbiome composition changes, this can ability control parasites. We aimed find out if small roundworms produce substances that antimicrobial properties respond microbial environment, immune regulatory reactions altered in humans lacking gut microbes. There is no doubt different living intestines alter balance of bacteria. Nonetheless, our knowledge about parasite’s influence remains restricted. The last two decades study revealed type iron utilized activation unique virulence factors. However, some roundworm proteins like P43, makes up portion worm’s excretory-secretory product, an unknown role. This review explores how bacterial network contributes adaptability opportunistic pathogen, allowing it successfully host environments.

Language: Английский

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Prevalence and epidemiology of gastro-intestinal parasitic infections in the mitidja plain (Algeria)

STUDIES IN HEALTH SCIENCES, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(4), P. e11463 - e11463

Published: Dec. 3, 2024

Gastrointestinal parasitosis is a major public health issue worldwide, affecting millions of people, particularly in areas where socio-economic and environmental conditions are precarious. In Algeria, the agricultural region Mitidja Plain vulnerable to gastrointestinal pathologies due favorable climatic factors. This study aims analyze epidemiology parasitoses within population through retrospective analysis medical records from patients presenting digestive disorders at various hospitals between January 2018 December 2023. The revealed significant prevalence intestinal parasitoses, with nearly half subjects infested by least one parasite, pathogenic or not. Thirteen parasitic species were identified, including 10 protozoa 3 helminths, predominating 77 % cases. most frequently encountered Blastocystis hominis (27.5 %), Endolimax nana (21%), Entamoeba histolytica (13%). helminths identified included Enterobius vermicularis and, Taenia solium, 1.55% 1% respectively. preliminary results underscore need for further enhancing sampling processes extending period. Additionally, implementing preventive measures such as educating about fecal hygiene, ensuring proper sanitation facilities, treating water food intended consumption crucial effectively combating these fecal-transmitted parasites.

Language: Английский

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Schistosomiasis–Microbiota Interactions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(10), P. 906 - 906

Published: Oct. 16, 2024

Schistosomiasis, a tropical disease affecting humans and animals, affected 251.4 million people in 2021.

Language: Английский

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Dietary Additive Combination for Dairy Calves After Weaning Has a Modulating Effect on the Profile of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in the Rumen and Fecal Microbiota

Fermentation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(10), P. 528 - 528

Published: Oct. 17, 2024

Background: This study aimed to verify whether adding a combination of additives (blend) the diet dairy calves after weaning can improve animal performance and health influence profile ruminal short-chain fatty acids intestinal microbiota. Methods: We used 35 Holstein calves, males, with an average age 70 days body weight 68 kg. The treatments were negative control (T-0: without additive), positive (T-Control: flavomycin + monensin), T-500 (500 g blend/ton), T-1000 (1000 T-1500 (1500 blend/ton). classified as zootechnical (probiotics, prebiotics, essential oils cinnamon oregano) nutritional additive (minerals). Results: Weight gain daily higher for in T-Control, T-500, groups. concentration heavy-chain immunoglobulins was blood T-Control groups when compared other In groups, levels reactive oxygen species observed, while, T-0 TBARS glutathione S-transferase activity detected. 15 abundant microorganisms calves’ feces, regardless treatment, Treponema suis, saccharophilum, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Pseudoflavonifractor sp., Roseburia faecis, Rikenellaceae, Enterobacteriaceae_f, Clostridium intestinalis, Aeromonadales_o, Prevotella copri, succinifaciens, Eubacterium porcium, Succinivibrio sp. group showed greater alpha diversity microbiota than T-0, T-500. (T-1000) increased bacterial fluid, animals had T-1500; this difference is because, these production acetic, butyric, propionic acid increased. Conclusions: effects on health, volatile production, microbiota, resulting more significant feed efficiency.

Language: Английский

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