The Role of the Gut Microbiota in Modulating Signaling Pathways and Oxidative Stress in Glioma Therapies

Cancers, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 719 - 719

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), especially gliomas, pose a significant clinical challenge due to their aggressive nature and limited therapeutic options. Emerging research highlights critical role gut microbiota in regulating CNS health disease. The composition is essential for maintaining homeostasis, as it modulates immune responses, oxidative status, neuroinflammation. microbiota–gut–brain axis, bidirectional communication network, plays pivotal cancer disease treatment, exerting its influence through neural, endocrine, immunological, metabolic pathways. Recent studies suggest that influences solidification tumor microenvironment dysbiosis may promote glioma development by modulating systemic inflammation stress, which contributes tumorigenesis progression. This review interrogates impact on glioma, focusing pathways such NF-κB, MAPK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Kynurenine/AhR drive proliferation, evasion, therapy resistance. Furthermore, we explore emerging strategies, including probiotics microbiota-based interventions, show potential these enhancing immunotherapies checkpoint inhibitors. By multifaceted interactions between microbiota, tumors, this microbiota-targeted therapies manipulation complement enhance current treatments.

Language: Английский

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Melatonin from Plants: Going Beyond Traditional Central Nervous System Targeting—A Comprehensive Review of Its Unusual Health Benefits

Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 143 - 143

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Melatonin is indispensable for the homeostasis of plants and animals. In humans, it can help prevent or be an adjuvant treatment several diseases mainly related to immune system, inflammation, oxidative stress. Moreover, a melatonin-rich diet linked health benefits, such as regulation circadian rhythm, immunological epilepsy control, delaying aging process, diminishing hormones cancer. This review aimed show effects melatonin in beyond its traditional use. The results showed present scavenging free radicals, reducing inflammatory cytokines, modulating system. improve insulin resistance, blood pressure, LDL-c, adipose tissue mass, adhesion molecules, endothelial impairment, plaque formation. These result neuro- cardioprotection, improvement liver diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatitis, COVID-19, polycystic ovaries, sepsis. We conclude that plant benefit patients with many besides sleep problems neurodegeneration. Plant may more cost-effective fewer adverse events than synthetic. However, clinical trials should performed adequate doses, formulation, time.

Language: Английский

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Role of Antioxidants in Modulating the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis and Their Impact on Neurodegenerative Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(8), P. 3658 - 3658

Published: April 12, 2025

This narrative review presents the role of antioxidants in regulating gut microbiota and impact on gut–brain axis, with a particular focus neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s (AD) Parkinson’s disease (PD). These diseases are characterised by cognitive decline, motor dysfunction, neuroinflammation, all which significantly exacerbated oxidative stress. elucidates contribution damage to progression explores potential mitigate these pathological processes through modulation associated pathways. Based recent studies retrieved from reputable databases, including PubMed, Web Science, Scopus, this article outlines mechanisms influence health exert neuroprotective effects. Specifically, it discusses how antioxidants, polyphenols, vitamins, flavonoids, contribute reduction reactive oxygen species (ROS) production thereby promoting neuronal survival minimising brain. In addition, modulating key molecular pathways involved stress NF-κB, Nrf2, MAPK, PI3K/AKT pathways, regulate ROS generation, inflammatory cytokine expression, antioxidant responses essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis both central nervous system. complex relationship between gut-derived metabolites, stress, highlighting dysbiosis—an imbalance microbiota—can exacerbate accelerating AD PD. The also examines short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced beneficial bacteria attenuate neuroinflammation damage. Furthermore, therapeutic microbiota-targeted interventions, delivery probiotics prebiotics, innovative strategies restore microbial support brain health. By synthesising current knowledge interplay underlying neurodegeneration, highlights promise antioxidant-based interventions mitigating progression. It need further research into antioxidant-rich dietary microbiota-focused therapies promising avenues prevention treatment diseases.

Language: Английский

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Multiple pathways through which the gut microbiota regulates neuronal mitochondria constitute another possible direction for depression

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 17, 2025

As a significant mental health disorder worldwide, the treatment of depression has long faced challenges low rate, drug side effects and high relapse rate. Recent studies have revealed that gut microbiota neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction play central roles in pathogenesis depression: influences course through multiple pathways, including immune regulation, HPA axis modulation neurotransmitter metabolism. Mitochondrial function serves as key hub mediates mood disorders mechanisms such defective energy metabolism, impaired neuroplasticity amplified neuroinflammation. Notably, bidirectional regulatory network exists between mitochondria: flora metabolite butyrate enhances biosynthesis activation AMPK-PGC1α pathway, whereas reactive oxygen species produced by mitochondria counteract composition altering intestinal epithelial microenvironment. In this study, we systematically potential pathways which improves regulating synthesis, autophagy, oxidative stress homeostasis proposed integration probiotic supplementation, dietary fiber intervention, fecal microbial transplantation to remodel flora-mitochondrial axis, provides theoretical basis for development novel antidepressant therapies targeting gut-brain interactions.

Language: Английский

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Harnessing Prebiotics to Improve Type 2 Diabetes Outcomes

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(20), P. 3447 - 3447

Published: Oct. 11, 2024

The gut microbiota, a complex ecosystem of microorganisms in the human gastrointestinal tract (GI), plays crucial role maintaining metabolic health and influencing disease susceptibility. Dysbiosis, or an imbalance has been linked to development type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through mechanisms such as reduced glucose tolerance increased insulin resistance. A balanced eubiosis, is associated with improved metabolism sensitivity, potentially reducing risk diabetes-related complications. Various strategies, including use prebiotics like inulin, fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, resistant starch, pectic oligosaccharides, polyphenols, β-glucan, Dendrobium officinale have shown improve microbial composition support glycemic control T2DM patients. These can directly impact blood sugar levels while promoting growth beneficial bacteria, thus enhancing control. Studies that patients often exhibit decrease butyrate-producing Roseburia Faecalibacterium, increase harmful Escherichia Prevotella. This review aims explore effects different on T2DM, their microbiota composition, potential for personalized dietary interventions optimize management overall outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic Efficacy and Underlying Mechanisms of a Mannoglucan from Hirsutella sinensis Mycelium on Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Mice: Modulation of the Intestinal Barrier, Oxidative Stress and Gut Microbiota

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(23), P. 13100 - 13100

Published: Dec. 5, 2024

, a non-sexual form of the valuable Chinese medicinal herb, demonstrates various biological activities, such as immune modulation and antioxidative capabilities. Nonetheless, effects bioactive polysaccharides derived from

Language: Английский

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Garcinol enriched fraction of Garcinia morella (Gaertn.) Desr. Fruit rind improves gut health and reduces the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating PCK1/ACC/SREBP1/FASn pathway in a mouse model

Food Research International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 197, P. 115285 - 115285

Published: Nov. 3, 2024

Language: Английский

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