The Role of Adipokines in Health and Disease

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(5), P. 1290 - 1290

Published: April 27, 2023

Adipokines are cell-signaling proteins secreted by adipose tissue that has been related to a low-grade state of inflammation and different pathologies. The present review aims analyze the role adipokines in health disease order understand important functions effects these cytokines. For this aim, delves into type adipocytes cytokines produced, as well their functions; relations diseases such cardiovascular, atherosclerosis, mental diseases, metabolic disorders, cancer, eating behaviors; finally, microbiota, nutrition, physical activity is discussed. This information would allow for better understanding on body organisms.

Language: Английский

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Overview of Novel Antipsychotic Drugs: State of the Art, New Mechanisms, and Clinical Aspects of Promising Compounds

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 85 - 85

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Antipsychotic medications are a vast class of drugs used for the treatment psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. Although numerous compounds have been developed since their introduction in 1950s, several patients do not adequately respond to current treatments, or they develop adverse reactions that cause discontinuation. Moreover, past few decades, discoveries pathophysiology opened way experimenting with novel alternative mechanisms action, some them showing promising results early trials. The scope this review was summarize antipsychotics developed, experimental status, and action. In particular, we analyzed main classes investigational antipsychotics, monoamine, glutamate, acetylcholine, cannabinoid receptor modulators, enzyme inhibitors, ion channel mixed modulators. addition, safety profiles effects these were carefully evaluated, considering relevance aspects patients’ drug adherence quality life, especially long-term treatment. Lastly, tried understand which greater potential be approved by principal regulatory agencies next years if could diseases other than disorders.

Language: Английский

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Polypharmacology: promises and new drugs in 2022

Pharmacological Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 75(4), P. 755 - 770

Published: June 6, 2023

Abstract Polypharmacology is an emerging strategy of design, synthesis, and clinical implementation pharmaceutical agents that act on multiple targets simultaneously. It should not be mixed up with polytherapy, which based the use selective drugs considered a cornerstone current practice. However, this ‘classic’ approach, when facing urgent medical challenges, such as multifactorial diseases, increasing resistance to pharmacotherapy, multimorbidity, seems insufficient. The ‘novel’ polypharmacology concept leads more predictable pharmacokinetic profile multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs), giving chance avoid drug-drug interactions improve patient compliance due simplification dosing regimens. Plenty recently marketed interact biological or disease pathways. Many offer significant additional benefit compared standard treatment In paper, we will briefly outline genesis its differences polytherapy. We also present leading concepts for obtaining MTDLs. Subsequently, describe some successfully drugs, mechanisms action are interaction targets. To get idea, whether MTDLs indeed important in contemporary pharmacology, carefully analyzed approved 2022 Germany: 10 out them were found multi-targeting, including 7 antitumor agents, 1 antidepressant, hypnotic, drug indicated eye disease.

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Psychiatry: Enhancing Treatment Precision and Patient Outcomes

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 642 - 642

Published: May 16, 2024

Psychiatric disorders often require pharmacological interventions to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life. However, achieving an optimal therapeutic outcome is challenging due several factors, including variability in the individual response, inter-individual differences drug metabolism, interactions polytherapy. Therapeutic monitoring (TDM), by measuring concentrations biological samples, represents a valuable tool address these challenges, tailoring medication regimens each individual. This review analyzes current landscape TDM psychiatric practice, highlighting its significance optimizing dosages, minimizing adverse effects, improving efficacy. The metabolism medications (i.e., mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, antidepressants) exhibits significant inter-patient variability. can help this enhancing treatment personalization, facilitating early suboptimal- or toxic-level detection, allowing for timely prevent failure effects. Furthermore, briefly discusses technological advancements analytical methods supporting implementation settings. These innovations enable quick cost-effective concentration measurements, fostering widespread adoption as routine practice care. In conclusion, integration psychiatry outcomes individualizing within so-called precision medicine.

Language: Английский

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Psychosocial risks in Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease

Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 15, 2025

Introduction Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is increasingly becoming more prevalent in the general population. MASLD common persons with low socioeconomic status (SES), yet little known about psychosocial challenges associated this disease, and clinical recommendations on how to approach are lacking.

Language: Английский

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GPCRs in Intracellular Compartments: New Targets for Drug Discovery

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(10), P. 1343 - 1343

Published: Sept. 22, 2022

The architecture of eukaryotic cells is defined by extensive membrane-delimited compartments, which entails separate metabolic processes that would otherwise interfere with each other, leading to functional differences between cells. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class cell surface receptors, and their signal transduction traditionally viewed as a chain events initiated from plasma membrane. Furthermore, intracellular trafficking, internalization, recycling were considered only regulate receptor desensitization expression. On contrary, accumulating data strongly suggest GPCRs also compartments. localize in membranes endosomes, nucleus, Golgi endoplasmic reticulum apparatuses, mitochondria, division Importantly, these sites they have shown orchestrate multiple signals different pathways. In this review, we summarize current knowledge fascinating phenomenon, explaining how reach sites, stimulated endogenous ligands, potential physiological/pathophysiological roles. Finally, illustrate several mechanisms involved modulation compartmentalized GPCR signaling drugs ligands. Understanding compartmentalization regulated will provide unique opportunity develop novel pharmaceutical approaches target potentially lead way towards new therapeutic approaches.

Language: Английский

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A systematic review of licensed weight-loss medications in treating antipsychotic-induced weight gain and obesity in schizophrenia and psychosis

General Hospital Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 78, P. 58 - 67

Published: July 14, 2022

Schizophrenia and antipsychotic use are associated with clinically significant weight gain subsequent increased mortality. Despite loss medications (WLMs) licensed by regulatory bodies (FDA, EMA, MHRA) being available, current psychiatric guidelines recommend off-label alternatives, which differ from non-psychiatric for obesity. Evaluate the efficacy of WLMs on treating antipsychotic-induced (AIWG) obesity in schizophrenia psychosis (OSP). A literature search was conducted using Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO Cochrane Library online databases human studies to treat AIWG OSP. Three RCTs (two liraglutide, one naltrexone-bupropion), unpublished open-label trial (naltrexone-bupropion), seven observational (five semaglutide, multiple WLMs) were identified. Results liraglutide showed statistically improvement weight, BMI, waist circumference, HbA1c, cholesterol, LDL readings meta-analysis. Evidence mixed naltrexone-bupropion no detailed setmelanotide, or stimulants. is strongest compared other WLMs. The findings, particularly inclusion data, provide evidence OSP, would better align practice practices around findings also identify continued gaps regarding

Language: Английский

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Crosstalk between Schizophrenia and Metabolic Syndrome: The Role of Oxytocinergic Dysfunction

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(13), P. 7092 - 7092

Published: June 25, 2022

The high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in persons with schizophrenia has spurred investigational efforts to study the mechanism beneath its pathophysiology. Early psychosis dysfunction is present across multiple organ systems. On this account, may be a multisystem disorder which one system predominantly affected and where other systems are also concurrently involved. Growing evidence overlapping neurobiological profiles risk factors psychiatric symptoms, such as an association cognitive dysfunction, altered autonomic nervous regulation, desynchrony resting-state default mode network, shared genetic liability, suggest that connected via common pathways central pathogenesis, underpinned by oxytocin dysfunction. Oxytocin, hormone involves mechanisms food intake homeostasis, partly explain piece puzzle underlying association. Given prosocial anorexigenic properties, been administered intranasally investigate therapeutic potential obesity. Although pathophysiology oxytocinergic both complex it still too early draw conclusion upon, yield new mechanistic insight into pathogenesis treatment.

Language: Английский

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Shared genetics of psychiatric disorders and type 2 diabetes:a large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis

Journal of Psychiatric Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 159, P. 185 - 195

Published: Jan. 28, 2023

Language: Английский

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The potential effect of metformin on cognitive and other symptom dimensions in patients with schizophrenia and antipsychotic-induced weight gain: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: July 12, 2023

Introduction Metformin has shown good efficacy in the management of antipsychotic-induced metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. Its ability to induce antidepressant behavioural effects and improve cognitive functions also been investigated: yet information not systematized. The aim this study was therefore investigate metformin on other symptom dimension schizophrenic treated antipsychotics through a systematic review meta-analysis. Methods We searched PubMed, ClinicalTrials.Gov, Embase, PsycINFO, WHO ICTRP database up February 2022, Randomised Controlled Trials (RCT) evaluating diagnosed related disorders, who were as add-on therapy for treatment weight gain which changes psychiatric symptoms evaluated. Results A total 19 RCTs met inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis performed 12 eligible studies. found positive trend after 24 weeks stable conditions [SMD (95%CI) = -0.40 (−0.82;0.01), OR 0.5 (−2.4;3.4)]. Better performance detected Brief Assessment Cognition Schizophrenia Positive Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) low heterogeneity among One reported BACS-verbal memory subdomain favour placebo [MD -16.03 (-23.65;8.42)]. Gastrointestinal xerostomia, extrapyramidal most adverse effects. Psychiatric events described: particular, attributable relapse schizophrenia. Conclusion Some degree improving dimensions Schizophrenia. Given clinical relevance potential pharmacological effect, longer specific studies using adequate psychometric scales are strongly recommended. Likewise, how acts context needs be evaluated order enhance its find more efficacious drugs.

Language: Английский

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