How ‘miracle’ weight‐loss semaglutide promises to change medicine but can we afford the expense?

British Journal of Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

Obesity is a complex and growing global concern, affecting one in eight individuals compromising health, quality of life expectancy. It carries significant metabolic, cardiovascular, oncological, hepatorenal, skeletal psychiatric risks, imposing substantial costs on health‐care systems. Traditional treatments have often been ineffective or led to relapse after lifestyle changes. Whereas bariatric surgery effective, it also involves risks such as mortality hospitalisation. Semaglutide, licensed 2018, synthetic analogue glucagon‐like peptide 1 which regulates glucose metabolism gastrointestinal (GI) motility. Studies show that semaglutide, administered either weekly subcutaneously, daily orally, induces an average weight loss −11.62 kg compared placebo reduces waist circumference by up −9.4 cm. improves blood pressure, fasting levels, C‐reactive protein levels lipid profiles. The most common adverse events are mild‐to‐moderate GI complaints occurring more frequently with administration than doses; hypoglycaemia without intervention. Weight regain follows semaglutide withdrawal. Furthermore, offers cardiovascular benefits for patients established atherosclerotic disease (CVD), lowers the risk kidney outcomes cardiovascular‐related death, resolves nonalcoholic steatohepatitis many cases, positively impacts mental health life. In conclusion, therapy could significantly benefit adults regarding CVD if made widely accessible. Ethical financial considerations must be addressed personalised obesity treatment approaches.

Language: Английский

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Research progress of GLP-1RAs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a 30-amino acid intestinal insulin-stimulating factor, which mainly secreted by L cells in the distal ileum and colon. It has various physiological functions, such as promoting insulin secretion synthesis, stimulating β-cell proliferation, inducing islet regeneration, inhibiting apoptosis glucagon release, delaying gastric emptying controlling appetite, etc. plays role through specific GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) distributed many organs or tissues participates regulation of glucose homeostasis body. agonists (GLP-1RAs) similar function GLP-1. Because its structural difference from natural GLP-1, it not easy to be degraded dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), thus prolonging action time. GLP-1RAs have been recognized new type hypoglycemic drugs widely used treatment 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Compared with other non-insulin drugs, can only effectively reduce blood glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), but also protect cardiovascular system, nervous system kidney without causing hypoglycemia weight gain. Therefore, good application prospects potential for further development.

Language: Английский

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Perioperative Management of Patients Taking Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: Applying Evidence to Clinical Practice

Anesthesiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 141(6), P. 1141 - 1161

Published: Oct. 29, 2024

This review discusses recent evidence addressing risks in patients taking glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist medications and proposes a framework for perioperative management.

Language: Английский

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The Impact of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1 RAs) on Mental Health: A Systematic Review

Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 18, 2024

Language: Английский

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Novel Therapeutics for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—A Look at the Past Decade and a Glimpse into the Future

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 1386 - 1386

Published: June 21, 2024

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and kidney are the main causes of morbidity mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Globally, incidence T2DM continues to rise. A substantial increase burden CVD renal disease, alongside socioeconomic implications, would be anticipated. Adopting a purely glucose-centric approach focusing only on glycemic targets is no longer adequate mitigate cardiovascular risks T2DM. In past decade, significant advancement has been achieved expanding pharmaceutical options for T2DM, with novel agents such as sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT2) inhibitors glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) demonstrating robust evidence cardiorenal protection. Combinatorial approaches comprising multiple pharmacotherapies combined single agent an emerging promising way not enhance patient adherence improve control but also achieve potential synergistic effects greater this review, we provide update antidiabetic appraisal mechanisms contributing Additionally, offer glimpse into landscape management near future by providing comprehensive summary upcoming early-phase trials.

Language: Английский

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An update on drug repurposing in Parkinson’s disease: Preclinical and clinical considerations

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 183, P. 117862 - 117862

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Language: Английский

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Oral TIX100 protects against obesity‐associated glucose intolerance and diet‐induced adiposity

Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

Abstract Aims Glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and dual have changed the treatment landscape of obesity type 2 diabetes (T2D), but significant limitations emerged due to their gastrointestinal side effects, loss lean mass, necessity for ongoing subcutaneous injections. Our objective was, therefore, test a novel small molecule as different potentially better tolerated oral medications improve obesity‐associated impairment in glucose homeostasis. Materials Methods High‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice or severely obese, leptin‐deficient ob/ob were randomly assigned serve controls receive TIX100, thioredoxin‐interacting protein (TXNIP) inhibitor just approved by FDA an investigational new drug (T1D). The TIX100 effects on intolerance weight control then assessed. Results protected against HFD‐induced intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglucagonemia. also reduced diet‐induced adiposity resulting 15% lower treated compared with HFD ( p <0.05), while preserving mass. Even though lost mice, improved leading dramatic 2.3% reduction HbA1C independent any loss. This is consistent beneficial non‐obese models its protection elevated TXNIP islet cell stress common all types. Conclusions Thus, may provide novel, therapy T2D that targets underlying disease pathology including dysfunction hyperglucagonemia promotes metabolic health without aggressive

Language: Английский

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Evidence of phenolic compounds as modulators of ChREBP and NRF2 in type 2 diabetes: a review of their potential for drug development

Phytochemistry Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 6, 2025

Language: Английский

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Myths and Facts Regarding Low-Carbohydrate Diets

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 1047 - 1047

Published: March 17, 2025

As the prevalence of chronic diseases persists at epidemic proportions, health practitioners face ongoing challenges in providing effective lifestyle treatments for their patients. Even those patients on GLP-1 agonists, nutrition counseling remains a crucial strategy managing these conditions over long term. This paper aims to address concerns and who are interested low-carbohydrate or ketogenic diet, but have about its efficacy, safety, long-term viability. The authors this used approach researchers engaged study. reflects our opinion is not meant review diets systematically. In addressing common concerns, we hope show that has been well researched can no longer be seen as “fad diet” with adverse effects such impaired renal function increased risk heart disease. We also persistent questions patient adherence, affordability, environmental sustainability. perspective clinicians study application dietary interventions. While systematic review, all factual claims substantiated citations from peer-reviewed literature most rigorous recent science. To knowledge, first potential misconceptions comprehensively.

Language: Английский

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Comparing the risk of gastroparesis following different modalities for treating obesity: semaglutide versus bupropion-naltrexone versus sleeve gastrectomy – a retrospective cohort study

BMJ Open Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. e001704 - e001704

Published: April 1, 2025

Objective The use of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists has been associated with gastroparesis, but little is known about the risk gastroparesis in those obesity without type 2 diabetes (T2D), and how that compares other treatment modalities for obesity. This study aims to characterise relationship between different a population pre-existing T2D. Methods A retrospective cohort using Merative MarketScan Research Databases individuals who underwent semaglutide, bupropion-naltrexone or sleeve gastrectomy from January 2018 31 December 2022. incidence diagnosis was evaluated International Classification Diseases, Version 10 codes. compared three intervention groups Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results Of 55 460 included, 36 990 (66.7%) were treated 7369 (13.3%) 11 101 (13.7%) gastrectomy. Gastroparesis rates among semaglutide versus 6.5 per 1000 person-years (PY) vs 2.1 PY 1.1 PY, respectively. After adjusting baseline characteristics, had higher than (adjusted HR 3.33, 95% CI 2.27, 4.98) 6.14, 3.94, 9.57). Conclusions There an increased T2D are as Understanding these potential side effects, though rare, may help guide personalised regimens.

Language: Английский

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