Evaluating the Efficacy of Repurposed Antiretrovirals in Hepatitis B Virus Treatment: A Narrative Review of the Pros and Cons

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 925 - 925

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B (HBV) continue to be global public health issues. Globally, about 39.9 million persons live with HIV in 2023, according the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 2024 Fact Sheet. Consequently, World Health Organisation (WHO) reported that 1.5 new cases of HBV occur, approximately 820 thousand mortalities yearly. Conversely, lower percentage (30%) receive a diagnosis is setback achieving WHO 2030 target for zero globally. This has necessitated concern repurpose antiretroviral (ARV) drugs treatment diseases. review provides an introductory background, including pros cons repurposing antiretrovirals (ARVs) treatment. We examine similarities replication mechanisms between HBV. further investigate some clinical studies trials co-infected mono-infected patients HIV–HBV. The topical keywords ARV drugs, therapy, Hepatitis title, abstracts are searched PubMed, Web Science, Google Scholar. advanced search includes period 2014–2024, full text, trials, randomized control review. results filtered from 361 51 relevant articles. investigations revealed replicate via common route known as ‘reverse transcription’. Clinical trial indicate early initiation ARVs, particularly tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) part regimen, significantly reduced viral load patients. In HBV, timely correct precise medication essential reduction. Therefore, genetic profiling pivotal successful drug Pharmacogenetics enables prediction right dosages, specific individual responses, reactions. study uniquely explores intersection pharmacogenetics optimized therapy. Additional vivo, silico research important validation potency, optimum dosage, safety repurposed Furthermore, prioritization collaborations comprising regulators funders foster clinically adopting incorporating ARVs therapy recommended.

Language: Английский

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Technological advances in clinical individualized medication for cancer therapy: from genes to whole organism

Personalized Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 14

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Efforts have been made to leverage technology accurately identify tumor characteristics and predict how each cancer patient may respond medications. This involves collecting data from various sources such as genomic data, histological information, functional drug profiling, metabolism using techniques like polymerase chain reaction, sanger sequencing, next-generation fluorescence in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry staining, patient-derived xenograft models, organoid therapeutic monitoring. The utilization of diverse detection technologies clinical practice has "individualized treatment" possible, but the desired level accuracy not fully attained yet. Here, we briefly summarize conventional state-of-the-art contributing individualized medication settings, aiming explore therapy options enhancing outcomes.

Language: Английский

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From Pathophysiology to Practice: Evolving Pharmacological Therapies, Clinical Complications, and Pharmacogenetic Considerations in Portal Hypertension

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 72 - 72

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Background: Portal hypertension is a major complication of chronic liver diseases, leading to serious issues such as esophageal variceal bleeding. The increase in portal vein pressure driven by both an organic component and functional component, including tonic contraction hepatic stellate cells. These processes result pathological rise intrahepatic vascular resistance, stemming from partial impairment microcirculation, which further exacerbated abnormalities extrahepatic vessels, increased blood flow. Objectives: This review aims provide comprehensive overview the evolving pharmacological therapies for hypertension, with consideration discussion pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical complications, pharmacogenetic considerations, highlighting potential directions future research. Methods: A recent literature was performed evaluate current knowledge therapeutic strategies hypertension. Results: For over 35 years, non-selective beta-blockers have been cornerstone therapy reducing inflow target, effectively preventing decompensation hemorrhages. However, since not all patients exhibit adequate response (NSBBs), some may tolerate NSBBs, alternative or adjunctive that enhance effects NSBBs on are being investigated preclinical early studies. Conclusions: better understanding factors mechanisms could lead more individualized effective treatments insights highlight

Language: Английский

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Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Management: A Review

Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 29, 2025

A BSTRACT Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) stands as the worldwide medical problem that causes substantial portions of both acute failure incidents and necessary transplants fatalities. The functions main detoxifying organ body therefore, it becomes easily susceptible to destructive effects from medicine components well other substances such herbal supplements. DILI produces diverse damage extends unnoticed enzyme level elevations through detection points. purpose this review assessment is deliver an extensive breakdown pathogenic elements alongside diagnostic hurdles present rule-of-the-art clinical practices. Researchers analyze three major pathophysiological mechanisms—oxidative stress, along with mitochondrial dysfunction immune-mediated damage—for formation. article explains tools for establishing biomarkers employment biopsy diagnosis. This discussion explores detailed information about management options consist drug withdrawal supportive care together transplantation. discovery genetic susceptibilities combined pharmacogenomic applications in leads promising patient-specific treatments better achievements.

Language: Английский

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Deciphering molecular landscape of breast cancer progression and insights from functional genomics and therapeutic explorations followed by in vitro validation

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Nov. 20, 2024

Abstract Breast cancer is caused by aberrant breast cells that proliferate and develop into tumors. Tumors have the potential to spread throughout body become lethal if ignored. Metastasis process which invasive tumors move neighboring lymph nodes or other organs. can be perhaps fatal. The objective of our study was elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying transition Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) Invasive (IDC), with a particular focus on hub genes therapeutic agents. Using Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), we built comprehensive network combining clinical phenotypic data from both DCIS IDC. Modules within this network, correlated specific traits, were identified, identified as critical markers. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis assessed their biomarkers, while survival curve gauged prognostic value. Furthermore, docking predicted interactions Ten genes—CDK1, KIF11, NUF2, ASPM, CDCA8, CENPF, DTL, EXO1, KIF2C, ZWINT—emerged pivotal fibroblast-specific potentially involved in IDC transition. These exhibited pronounced positive correlations key pathways like cell cycle DNA repair, Molecular revealed Fisetin, an anti-inflammatory compound, effectively binding CDK1 DTL underscoring role orchestrating cellular transformation. selected for inhibitors, revealing effective both. Of genes, DTL—an E3 ubiquitin ligase linked CRL4 complex—plays central progression, impacting tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, well regulation epithelial-mesenchymal (EMT). CDK1, another gene, progression associated various biological processes. conclusion, offers insights complex driving It underscores importance agents, particularly Fisetin. By shedding light interplay between expression, findings contribute understanding regulatory landscape ductal carcinoma pave way future investigations novel avenues.

Language: Английский

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Novel artificial intelligence-based identification of drug-gene-disease interaction using protein-protein interaction

BMC Bioinformatics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Dec. 18, 2024

Language: Английский

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Novel artificial intelligence-based identification of drug-gene-disease interaction through using protein-protein interaction

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 3, 2024

Abstract The evaluation of drug-gene-disease interactions is key for the identification drugs effective against disease. However, at present, that are genes critical disease difficult to identify. Following a disease-centric approach, there need identify func-tion and find them. By contrast, following drug-centric approach comprises identifying targeted by drugs, then diseases in which identified critical. Both these pro-cesses complex. Using gene-centric whereby we can be much easier. how such sets without specifying either target or not known. In this study, novel artificial intelligence-based employs unsupervised methods identifies neither nor presented. To evaluate its feasibility, applied tensor decomposition (TD)-based feature extraction (FE) perform drug repositioning from protein-protein (PPI) any other information. Proteins selected TD-based FE include many related cancers, as well pro-teins. Thus, were able cancer using only PPI. Because proteins had more interactions, replaced with hub found themselves could used repositioning. contrast proteins, enables diseases. addition, vivo experiments, when used. conclusion, useful tool PPI

Language: Английский

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The Implementation and Outcomes of Personalized Antihypertensive Therapy Based on Pharmacogenetic Testing: A Retrospective Study Examining Blood Pressure Control and Medication Tolerability

Cureus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 23, 2024

Hypertension management typically relies on standardized treatment regimens, which may not account for individual genetic variations that affect drug metabolism and response.

Language: Английский

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Nano-enabled pharmacogenomics: revolutionizing personalized drug therapy

Journal of Biomaterials Science Polymer Edition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 26

Published: Nov. 26, 2024

The combination of pharmacogenomics and nanotechnology science into a highly advanced single entity has given birth to personalized medicine known as nano-enabled pharmacogenomics. This review article covers all aspects starting from gene editing tools, how these have evolved or are likely be for pharmacogenomic application, can delivered using nanoparticle delivery systems. In this prior work, we explore the evolution over years, well new achievements in field genomic sciences, challenges drug creation, application strategy medicine. Particular attention is paid helps avoid problems that accompanied development earlier, example, question resistance targeted delivery. We also latest developments pharmacogenomics, such coupling with other nanobio-technologies, artificial intelligence, machine learning ethical regulatory developing technologies. possible uses improving chances pated treating drug-resistant cancers exemplified by case studies together current clinical nanotechnology. last section, discuss future trends research prospects dynamically growing area, stressing importance further advancements collaborations which will advance their maximum potential.

Language: Английский

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Trends of Pharmacogenomics in Personalized Medicine

Advances in medical technologies and clinical practice book series, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 247 - 276

Published: Dec. 13, 2024

Personalized medicine is a medical approach in which treatment focuses on individual characteristics or genetic profiles. Integrating advanced technology and Pharmacogenomics emerged as new way that can precisely analyze based the information of an individual's reaction to drug. It also acts bridge between pharmacokinetics pharmacodynamics optimizing strategies for better safer understanding options at level. Though pharmacogenomics has some established roles personalized medications, it not free from challenges ethical considerations. The prospects are very optimistic; potent enough revolutionize treatments open ways direction medicine, genome-wide approaches omics integration related provide comprehensive scope drug reactions many others. So, this study aims detailed its role followed by technologies, advancement, future directions.

Language: Английский

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