Rare or Unusual Non-Fermenting Gram-Negative Bacteria: Therapeutic Approach and Antibiotic Treatment Options

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 306 - 306

Published: March 16, 2025

Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria (NFGNB) are a heterogeneous group of opportunistic pathogens increasingly associated with healthcare-associated infections. While Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia well known, rarer species such as Burkholderia cepacia complex, Achromobacter spp., Chryseobacterium Elizabethkingia Ralstonia others pose emerging therapeutic challenges. Their intrinsic acquired resistance mechanisms limit effective treatment options, making targeted therapy essential. Objectives: This narrative review summarizes the current understanding rare unusual NFGNB, their clinical significance, profiles, evidence-based strategies. Methods: A literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web Science to identify relevant studies on epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance, approaches NFGNB. Results: Rare NFGNB exhibits diverse mechanisms, including β-lactamase production, efflux pumps, porin modifications. Treatment selection depends species-specific susceptibility patterns, but some cornerstones can be individuated. Novel β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors combination being explored for multidrug-resistant isolates. However, data remain limited. Conclusions: The increasing incidence requires heightened awareness tailored approach. Given paucity guidelines, stewardship susceptibility-guided crucial in optimizing patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

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The current use of nanotechnology in the fight against antimicrobial resistance: promising approaches to global health challenge

Journal of Nanoparticle Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 27(4)

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Staphylococcus aureus: A Review of the Pathogenesis and Virulence Mechanisms

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 470 - 470

Published: May 6, 2025

Staphylococcus aureus is a formidable human pathogen responsible for infections ranging from superficial skin lesions to life-threatening systemic diseases. This review synthesizes current knowledge on its pathogenesis, emphasizing colonization dynamics, virulence mechanisms, biofilm formation, and antibiotic resistance. By analyzing studies PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, we highlight the pathogen’s adaptability, driven by surface adhesins (e.g., ClfB, SasG), secreted toxins PVL, TSST-1), metabolic flexibility in iron acquisition amino acid utilization. Nasal, skin, oropharyngeal are reservoirs invasive infections, with persistence horizontal gene transfer exacerbating antimicrobial resistance, particularly methicillin-resistant S. (MRSA). The underscores clinical challenges multidrug-resistant strains, including vancomycin resistance decolonization strategies’ failure target single anatomical sites. Key discussions address host–microbiome interactions, immune evasion tactics, limitations therapies. Future directions advocate novel anti-virulence therapies, multi-epitope vaccines, AI-driven diagnostics combat evolving Strengthening global surveillance interdisciplinary collaboration critical mitigating public health burden aureus.

Language: Английский

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Targeting Staphylococcus aureus biofilm-related infections on implanted material with a novel dual-action thermosensitive hydrogel containing vancomycin and a tri-enzymatic cocktail: in vitro and in vivo studies

Biofilm, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 9, P. 100288 - 100288

Published: May 20, 2025

Language: Английский

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Fluoroquinolones for Dermatologists: A Practical Guide to Clinical Use and Risk Management

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(6), P. 800 - 800

Published: May 26, 2025

Background: Fluoroquinolones, available in topical and oral formulations, are used to manage bacterial skin soft tissue infections, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, atypical mycobacteria, select multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organisms. Their excellent penetration, bactericidal activity, convenient dosing make them effective for certain infections. However, their use is limited by potential safety concerns, tendinopathy (odds ratio up 9.1 corticosteroid users), QT interval prolongation with risk of torsades de pointes, phototoxicity, rising antimicrobial resistance. Methods: A literature search PubMed, Scopus, Web Science was conducted articles from January 1985 April 2025 the terms (quinolone OR fluoroquinolone) AND (dermatology “skin infection” structure infection”). Abstracts presentations were excluded. Google same government regulatory agencies. Results: This review provides practical guidance on clinical fluoroquinolones dermatology. Delafloxacin demonstrated over 90% cure rates trials complicated serious concerns remain, a ninefold increase among older adults corticosteroids corrected intervals exceeding 500 milliseconds high-risk patients. Phototoxicity varies, agents like sparfloxacin linked heightened ultraviolet sensitivity. Resistance ciprofloxacin exceeds 20 percent Escherichia coli P. aeruginosa some populations. Culture-based prescribing, shorter treatment courses, preference treatments can reduce preserve efficacy. Conclusions: Fluoroquinolones remain clinically useful dermatology when prescribed selectively. appropriate requires careful attention patient factors along evolving resistance patterns ongoing stewardship efforts.

Language: Английский

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Advances in Antibiotic Biodegradation: Emerging Strategies and Challenges in Mitigating Environmental Contamination and Resistance

Current Pollution Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: June 5, 2025

Language: Английский

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