New insights into the mechanisms of the immune microenvironment and immunotherapy in osteosarcoma

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Osteosarcoma, a malignant bone tumor primarily affecting adolescents, is highly invasive with poor prognosis. While surgery and chemotherapy have improved survival for localized cases, pulmonary metastasis significantly reduces to approximately 20%, highlighting the need novel treatments. Immunotherapy, which leverages immune system target osteosarcoma cells, shows promise. This review summarizes biological characteristics of osteosarcoma, mechanisms metastasis, microenvironment (TME). It involves recent immunotherapy advances, including monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, cell therapies, checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic viruses, discusses combining these standard

Language: Английский

---

Emerging immunotherapies in osteosarcoma: from checkpoint blockade to cellular therapies

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 18, 2025

Osteosarcoma remains a highly aggressive bone malignancy with limited therapeutic options, necessitating novel treatment strategies. Immunotherapy has emerged as promising approach, yet its efficacy in osteosarcoma is hindered by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and resistance mechanisms. This review explores recent advancements checkpoint blockade, cellular therapies, combination strategies aimed at enhancing immune responses. We highlight key challenges, including heterogeneity, poor infiltration, the need for predictive biomarkers. By integrating immunotherapy chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, emerging approaches seek to improve outcomes. provides comprehensive analysis of evolving landscape immunotherapy, offering insights into future directions potential breakthroughs. Researchers clinicians will benefit from understanding these developments, they pave way more effective personalized osteosarcoma.

Language: Английский

---

Identification of a novel cellular senescence-related lncRNA signature for prognosis and immune response in osteosarcoma

Translational Cancer Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 3742 - 3759

Published: July 1, 2024

Background: Cellular senescence, a novel hallmark of cancer, is associated with patient outcomes and tumor immunotherapy. However, at present, there no systematic study on the use cellular senescence-related long non-coding RNAs (CSR-lncRNAs) to predict survival in patients osteosarcoma. In this study, we aimed identify CSR-lncRNAs signature evaluate its potential as prognostic marker predictive tool for immune response Methods: We downloaded cohort osteosarcoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. performed differential expression co-expression analyses CSR-lncRNAs. univariate multivariate Cox regression along random forest algorithm lncRNAs significantly correlated senescence. Subsequently, assessed models using curves, receiver operating characteristic nomograms, C-index, decision curve analysis. Based model, were divided into two groups according their risk scores. Then, Ontology Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes Genomes analyses, compared clinical characteristics uncover functional differences. further conducted infiltration estimation stromal cells malignant tissues data (ESTIMATE), cell-type identification by estimating relative subsets rna transcripts (CIBERSORT), single-sample gene set enrichment analysis groups. also evaluated target genes checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Results: identified six that senescence accordingly established lncRNA incorporating these lncRNAs. nomogram indicated model was an independent factor could This demonstrated high accuracy upon validation. Further revealed low-risk group exhibited better enhanced infiltration. Conclusions: six-CSR-lncRNA effectively predicted might have improved

Language: Английский

---

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the communications between tumor microenvironment components and tumor metastasis in osteosarcoma

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Sept. 11, 2024

Osteosarcoma is a common type of bone cancer characterized by poor prognosis due to its metastatic nature. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays critical role in metastasis and therapy response. Therefore, our study aims explore the mechanism osteosarcoma, potentially opening new avenues for treatment.

Language: Английский

---

Targeting myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the tumor microenvironment: potential therapeutic approaches for osteosarcoma

Oncology Research Featuring Preclinical and Clinical Cancer Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 33(3), P. 519 - 531

Published: Nov. 6, 2024

Osteosarcoma is a bone malignancy characterized by strong invasiveness and rapid disease progression. The tumor microenvironment of osteosarcoma contains various types immune cells, including myeloid-derived suppressor macrophages, T B cells. Imbalances these cells can promote the proliferation metastasis osteosarcoma. Recent studies have indicated substantial increase in levels an cell associated with immunosuppressive pro-cancer effects, peripheral blood patients Moreover, pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 18 are positively correlated those animal models In this review, we explore function based on clinical diagnoses discuss future therapeutic approaches for targeting Targeting represents promising approach to improving prognosis survival rates

Language: Английский

---

LncRNA HOXA-AS3 promotes cell proliferation and invasion via targeting miR-218-5p/FOXP1 axis in osteosarcoma

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: July 17, 2024

Abstract Osteosarcoma is an aggressive form of bone cancer and affects the health in children adolescents. Although conventional treatment improves osteosarcoma survival, some patients have metastasis drug resistance, leading to a worse prognosis. Therefore, it necessary explore molecular mechanism occurrence progression, which could discover novel for osteosarcoma. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) been reported regulate malignant progression. LncRNA HOXA-AS3 facilitates tumorigenesis progression variety human cancers. However, underlying lncRNA HOXA-AS3-induced oncogenesis poorly determined To address this point, we utilized several cellular biological strategies approaches functions mechanisms cells. We found that cell proliferation invasion via targeting miR-218-5p/FOXP1 axis In conclusion, be promising target treatment.

Language: Английский

---

The role of neutrophils in osteosarcoma: insights from laboratory to clinic

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Nov. 8, 2024

Osteosarcoma, a highly aggressive malignant bone tumor, is significantly influenced by the intricate interactions within its tumor microenvironment (TME), particularly involving neutrophils. This review delineates multifaceted roles of neutrophils, including tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), in osteosarcoma’s pathogenesis. TANs exhibit both pro- anti-tumor phenotypes, modulating growth immune evasion, while NETs facilitate cell adhesion, migration, immunosuppression. Clinically, neutrophil-related markers such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) predict patient outcomes, highlighting potential for neutrophil-targeted therapies. Unraveling these complex crucial developing novel treatment strategies that harness TME to improve osteosarcoma management.

Language: Английский

---