Maximizing Mechanical Performance of 3D Printed Parts Through Process Parameter Optimization DOI
Marijan-Pere Marković, Ivan Karlo Cingesar, Domagoj Vrsaljko

et al.

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. e2062 - e2074

Published: Jan. 19, 2024

The article discusses the importance of optimizing process parameters in 3D printing to achieve better mechanical properties printed parts. It emphasizes material extrusion technology and some most commonly used materials, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG). Optimizable such as, print angle, outer layer number, extruder flow ratio, (nozzle) temperature, thickness are examined. also highlights postprocessing techniques, specifically thermal (annealing) chemical acetone (AC) chamber, enhance results show that wall structures played a crucial role defining properties, acting as main load-bearing elements. Adjusted ratios influenced properties. Samples with 25% rate increase demonstrated 44% rise elongation at break, while 50% led slight strength reduction. ABS AC-treated sample exhibited 58.2% lower tensile 1.9% due stress concentration, thermally treated showed similar default, manufacturer-recommended settings. PETG 53.2% strength, but 17.5% higher elongation, default. 0° orientation plastic deformation highest samples 45° 90° orientations experienced delamination, leading brittle fracture, proving interlayer adhesion have great influence on While settings had effects each material, greatly by polymer matrix.

Language: Английский

Additively manufactured materials and structures: A state-of-the-art review on their mechanical characteristics and energy absorption DOI
Yaozhong Wu, Jianguang Fang, Chi Wu

et al.

International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 246, P. 108102 - 108102

Published: Jan. 6, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

234
Molecular Pathways for Polymer Degradation during Conventional Processing, Additive Manufacturing, and Mechanical Recycling DOI Creative Commons
Daniel V. A. Ceretti, Mariya Edeleva, Ludwig Cardon

et al.

Molecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(5), P. 2344 - 2344

Published: March 3, 2023

The assessment of the extent degradation polymer molecules during processing via conventional (e.g., extrusion and injection molding) emerging additive manufacturing; AM) techniques is important for both final material performance with respect to technical specifications circularity. In this contribution, most relevant (thermal, thermo-mechanical, thermal-oxidative, hydrolysis) mechanisms materials are discussed, addressing extrusion-based manufacturing, including mechanical recycling, AM. An overview given experimental characterization techniques, it explained how these can be connected modeling tools. Case studies incorporated, dealing polyesters, styrene-based materials, polyolefins, as well typical AM polymers. Guidelines formulated in view a better molecular scale driven control.

Language: Английский

Citations

48
Investigation of printing parameters effects on mechanical and failure properties of 3D printed PLA DOI

Mohamed Benamira,

Naamane Benhassine,

Amar Ayad

et al.

Engineering Failure Analysis, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 148, P. 107218 - 107218

Published: March 25, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

43
Potential of recycled PLA in 3D printing: A review DOI Creative Commons
Md. Raquibul Hasan, Ian J. Davies, Alokesh Pramanik

et al.

Sustainable Manufacturing and Service Economics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3, P. 100020 - 100020

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

The growing demand for sustainable materials as substitutes conventional has led to the need manufacturing practices that can effectively balance use of limited resources and reduce environmental impact while maintaining economic viability promoting human welfare. Therefore, recycled polylactic acid (rPLA) in 3D printing could be a promising solution reducing cost virgin PLA printing. However, low strength PLA-printed components remains challenge. In addition, may pose environmental, cost, social issues. it is necessary understand mechanical properties sustainability potential PLA. Hence, this study aimed provide an overview To achieve goal, followed systematic review approach analysed published academic research papers discuss degradation thermal properties, challenges opportunities recycling, aspects additively manufactured products. Studies have shown alternative if its appropriately modified controlled. Researchers used different methods upgrade PLA, such using waste blends, altering process parameters, utilising additives. implications not been adequately discussed. findings indicate majority concentrated on evaluating aspect, paying scant attention dimensions. Further required economic, impacts will assist practitioners academics thinking about adapting them obtain desired qualities.

Language: Английский

Citations

30
Enhancing Polylactic Acid (PLA) Performance: A Review of Additives in Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) Filaments DOI Open Access

Ioan Plamadiala,

Cătălin Croitoru, Mihai Alin Pop

et al.

Polymers, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 191 - 191

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

This review explores the impact of various additives on mechanical properties polylactic acid (PLA) filaments used in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printing. While PLA is favored for its biodegradability and ease use, inherent limitations strength heat resistance necessitate enhancements through additives. The natural synthetic fibers, inorganic particles, nanomaterials properties, printability, overall functionality composites was examined, indicating that fiber reinforcements, such as carbon glass significantly enhance tensile stiffness, while fibers contribute to sustainability but may compromise stability. Additionally, inclusion particulate fillers like calcium carbonate improves dimensional stability although larger particles can lead agglomeration issues. study highlights potential improved performance specific applications acknowledging need further investigation into optimal formulations processing conditions.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Compressive Performance of 3D-Printed Lightweight Structures: Infill Density Optimization via Multiple-Criteria Decision Analysis method DOI Creative Commons

Cristina Vălean,

Emanoil Linul, Dipen Kumar Rajak

et al.

Results in Engineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 103936 - 103936

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Open challenges in tensile testing of additively manufactured polymers: A literature survey and a case study in fused filament fabrication DOI Creative Commons
Antonella Sola, Wei Juene Chong, Dejana Pejak Simunec

et al.

Polymer Testing, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 117, P. 107859 - 107859

Published: Nov. 4, 2022

Additive manufacturing (AM, also commonly termed 3D printing) is progressing from being a rapid prototyping tool to serving as pillar of the Industry 4.0 revolution. Thanks their low density and ease printing, polymers are receiving increasing interest for fabrication structural lightweight parts. Nonetheless, lack appropriate standards, specifically conceived consistently verify tensile properties polymer parts benchmark them against conventional products, major obstacle wider uptake AM in industry. After reviewing standardisation needs with focus on mechanical testing, paper closely examines hurdles that encountered when existing standards applied measure fabricated by fused filament (FFF, aka deposition modeling, FDM), which presently most popular material extrusion technique. Existing unable account numerous printing parameters govern response FFF Moreover, literature suggests raster- layer-induced anisotropic behaviour complicated interplay between features at different length scales (micro/meso/macro-structure) undermine pre-existing concepts regarding specimen geometry classical theories size effect, ultimately jeopardise transferability test Finally, statistical analysis poly(lactic acid) (PLA) specimens printed according (ASTM D638 type I ASTM D3039) sizes provides experimental evidence confirm literature-based argumentation. Ultimately, survey, supported results, demonstrates that, until dedicated become available, testing should be prudence. Whilst not specified set-up fully reported ensure repeatability rectangular geometries preferred dumbbell-like ones order avoid premature failure fillets, changed arbitrarily.

Language: Английский

Citations

56
The Influence of the Printing Temperature and the Filament Color on the Dimensional Accuracy, Tensile Strength, and Friction Performance of FFF-Printed PLA Specimens DOI Open Access
Doina Frunzăverde, Vasile Cojocaru, Costel-Relu Ciubotariu

et al.

Polymers, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(10), P. 1978 - 1978

Published: May 12, 2022

The printing variable least addressed in previous research aiming to reveal the effect of FFF process parameters on printed PLA part's quality and properties is filament color. Moreover, color PLA, as well its manufacturer, are rarely mentioned when experimental conditions for samples described, although current existing data that their influence final characteristics print should not be neglected. In order point out importance this influential parameter, a natural black-colored filament, produced by same were selected. dimensional accuracy, tensile strength, friction analyzed compared temperatures ranging from 200 °C up 240 °C. results clearly showed different depending polymer under conditions. Therefore, optimization 3D-printing always start with proper selection type material, regarding both fabricant.

Language: Английский

Citations

43
Energy-Consumption-Based Life Cycle Assessment of Additive-Manufactured Product with Different Types of Materials DOI Open Access
Osman Ülkir

Polymers, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 1466 - 1466

Published: March 15, 2023

Additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing technology is one of the preferred methods to ensure sustainability in fabrication. In addition providing continuity sustainability, fabrication, and diversity, it aims improve people’s quality life, develop economy, protect environment resources for future generations. this study, life cycle assessment (LCA) method was used determine whether a product fabricated by AM provides tangible benefits compared traditional fabrication methodologies. LCA an evaluation that information on resource efficiency waste generation, where environmental impacts process can be calculated, measured, reported throughout entire cycle, starting from acquisition raw materials, processing, use, end disposal, according ISO 14040/44 standards. This study examines three most filaments resin materials 3D-printed start, which consists stages. These stages are material extraction, manufacturing, recycling. Filament types Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Polylactic Acid (PLA), Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETG), Ultraviolet (UV) Resin. The carried out with Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Stereolithography (SLA) techniques using printer. Environmental all identified steps were estimated over energy consumption model. As result LCA, seen UV Resin environmentally friendly mid-point end-point indicators. It has been determined ABS also exhibits bad results many indicators least friendly. support those working comparing different materials’ choosing material.

Language: Английский

Citations

34
An Experimental Study on the Impact of Layer Height and Annealing Parameters on the Tensile Strength and Dimensional Accuracy of FDM 3D Printed Parts DOI Open Access
Jelena Milovanović, Rajko Turudija, Nikola Vitković

et al.

Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(13), P. 4574 - 4574

Published: June 25, 2023

This study investigates the impact of annealing time, temperature, and layer height on tensile strength dimensional change three 3D printing materials (PLA, PETG, carbon fiber-reinforced PETG). Samples with varying heights (0.1 mm, 0.2 0.3 mm) were annealed at temperatures ranging from 60-100 °C for 30, 60, 90 min. Tensile tests conducted, regression models developed to analyze effects these parameters strength. The exhibited high accuracy, a maximum deviation only 5% measured validation values. showed that has significantly bigger influence than time temperature. Optimal combinations identified each material, PLA performing best 0.1 mm/60 min/90 PETG PETGCF achieving optimal mm/90 min/60 °C. demonstrated smallest after had modulus elasticity all materials. employed experimental testing assess results across multiple under consistent conditions, contributing valuable insights ongoing discussion in 3D-printed parts.

Language: Английский

Citations

33