Understanding Urban Heat Vulnerability Assessment Methods: A PRISMA Review

Energies, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(19), P. 6998 - 6998

Published: Sept. 23, 2022

Increasingly people, especially those residing in urban areas with the heat island effect, are getting exposed to extreme due ongoing global warming. A number of methods have been developed, so far, assess vulnerability different locations across world concentrating on diverse aspects these methods. While there is growing literature, thorough review studies that compare, contrast, and help understand prospects constraints assessment scarce. This paper aims bridge this gap literature. systematic literature preferred reporting items for reviews meta-analyses (PRISMA) approach utilized as methodological approach. PRISMA an evidence-based minimum set meta-analyses. The results analyzed three aspects—i.e., indicators data, modelling approaches, validation approaches. main findings disclose that: (a) Three types commonly used—i.e., demographic properties socioeconomic status, health conditions medical resources, natural built environmental factors; (b) Heat indexing models, equal weighting method, principal component analysis used approaches; (c) Statistical regressions correlation coefficients between adverse outcomes but performance varies studies. study informs policy generates directions prospective research more accurate method development.

Language: Английский

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Spatial Modelling of Urban Wind Characteristics: Review of Contributions to Sustainable Urban Development

Buildings, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 737 - 737

Published: March 8, 2024

Wind, a renewable resource with growing importance in the contemporary world, is considered capable tool for addressing some of problems linked rapid urbanization, unsustainable development, and climate change. As such, understanding modelling approaches to wind characteristics cities becomes crucial. While prior reviews delve into advancements reduced-scale models computational fluid dynamics simulations, there scant literature evaluating large-scale spatial urban environments. This paper aims consolidate by conducting systematic review PRISMA protocol capture contributions sustainable development. The reviewed articles are categorized under two distinctive approaches: (a) studies adopting morphometric approach, encompassing theoretical foundations, input factors, computation methods (b) mapping centering on amalgamation microclimate analysis. findings suggest that methodologies hold considerable promise due their straightforward calculations interpretability. Nonetheless, issues related data precision accuracy challenge validity these models. also probes implications planning policymaking, advocating more

Language: Английский

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Local Government Cybersecurity Landscape: A Systematic Review and Conceptual Framework

Applied Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(13), P. 5501 - 5501

Published: June 25, 2024

Local governments face critical challenges in the era of digital transformation, balancing responsibility safeguarding resident information and administrative documents while maintaining data integrity public trust. These responsibilities become even more as they transition into smart cities adopting advanced technological innovations to revolutionize governance, enhance service delivery, foster sustainable resilient urban environments. Technological advancements like Internet-of-Things devices artificial intelligence-driven approaches can provide better services residents, but also expose local cyberthreats. There has been, nonetheless, very little study on cybersecurity issues from government perspective, multifaceted nature settings is scattered fragmented, highlighting need for a conceptual understanding adequate action. Against this backdrop, aims identify key components governmental context through systematic literature review. This review further extends development framework providing comprehensive government’s landscape. makes significant contribution academic professional domains policies within context, offering valuable insights decision-makers, practitioners, academics. helps vulnerabilities, enabling stakeholders recognize shortcomings their implement effective countermeasures safeguard confidential documents. Thus, findings inform policy cybersecurity-aware prepared.

Language: Английский

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Techno-Economic Performance and Sensitivity Analysis of an Off-Grid Renewable Energy-Based Hybrid System: A Case Study of Kuakata, Bangladesh

Energies, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 1476 - 1476

Published: March 19, 2024

Hybrid renewable energy sources (HRES) are increasingly being utilized to meet global demands, particularly in rural areas that rely on diesel generators and disconnected from the utility grid, due their environmental human health benefits. This study investigates performance of an off-grid, hybrid PV/diesel generator/battery system for a decentralized power plant Kuakata, Bangladesh, meeting load demand 3000 kWh/day with 501.61 kW peak demand. HOMER Pro (hybrid optimization model electric renewable) software (version 3.11) was used simulate optimize operations utilizing real-time solar radiation profile data location. also includes sensitivity analysis off-grid HRES under different electrical project longevity, derating variables. The results reveal CO2 emissions have potentially decreased by more than 30% over 10 tons per year, respectively, when compared traditional plants. optimized system’s net present cost (NPC) determined be around USD 5.19 million, (COE) 0.367 kWh unit 100% component. Furthermore, current study’s findings previous research has resulted economical affordable COE. consideration might applicable other parts world comparable climate conditions.

Language: Английский

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Machine Learning for Pedestrian-Level Wind Comfort Analysis

Buildings, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 1845 - 1845

Published: June 18, 2024

(1) Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques are being more widely employed in the field of wind engineering. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity research on comfort pedestrians terms conditions with respect to building design, particularly historic sites. (2) Objectives: This aims evaluate ML- computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based pedestrian (PWC) analysis outputs using novel method that relies sophisticated handling image data. The goal propose assessment enhance efficiency AI models over different urban scenarios. (3) Methodology: stages include climate data, CFD OpenFOAM, ML Autodesk Forma, comparisons results similarity based SSIM, MSE, PSNR metrics. (4) Conclusions: study effectively demonstrates considerable potential utilizing as supplementary tool for evaluating PWC. It maintains high degree accuracy precision, allowing rapid effective assessments. methodology precise comparison two visual absence numerical data allows objective pertinent comparisons, it eliminates any distortions. (5) Recommendations: Additional can explore integration case studies, thus expanding scope studies.

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the Complex Drivers of Particulate Matter in Saudi Arabia: Employing Machine Learning and Source Apportionment

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Saudi Arabia's arid and semi-arid climatic conditions, characterized by limited rainfall frequent sand dust storms, lead to high background levels of atmospheric particulate matter (PM). As a result, PM is the primary pollutant concern in Arabia affecting human health, ecosystems, infrastructure. This study offers an innovative approach combining advanced machine learning techniques with source apportionment methods reveal underlying drivers PM₁₀ PM_2.5 across diverse sites Kingdom. The analysis revealed that frequently exceeded air quality standards set national international organizations. Using PM_2.5/PM₁₀ ratios, sources were categorized as anthropogenic, mixed. On average, anthropogenic sources, mixed contributed 4%, 6%, 90%, respectively. Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) models developed for several sites, where was used modelled variable PM_2.5, WS, WD, NO, NO₂, temperature, relative humidity, pressure predictors. contribution each predictor evaluated, among meteorological parameters wind speed demonstrated highest followed humidity. Wind found positively correlate levels, which highlighted its vital role resuspending transporting particles from deserts, elevating pollution urban areas. Overall, NO NO₂ had weak impact on PM₁₀. Considering surrogate activities, especially road traffic, we can conclude activities minimal controlling dominant meteorology, it concluded overall, major fraction comes natural dominated parameters, should be excluded while assessing compliance health threshold.

Language: Английский

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The Impact Characteristics of Common Low-Carbon Design Methods on Reducing Carbon Emissions in Industrial Plant Buildings in Architectural Design

Buildings, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 974 - 974

Published: March 19, 2025

Amidst global warming and energy crises, low-carbon building design is essential. China, the largest carbon emitter, commits to peaking emissions by 2030 achieving neutrality 2060. This study focuses on strategies for industrial buildings in cold regions, aiming develop optimization designs centered emissions. Using ENERGYPLUS “standard coal method”, it quantifies operational analyzes impact of methods consumption across architectural layout, materials, photovoltaic technology. study, set Xi’an Yulin, assesses techniques severely climate zones. It demonstrates that, orientation has a relatively small emissions, while an increase window-to-wall ratio significantly increases building. For form window glass, reflectivity roofs walls, thickness roof wall insulation affect technology, angle no significant By further comparing effectiveness various technologies reducing was found that choosing more appropriate boards can provide reduction effects at same cost.

Language: Английский

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The maximum wind energy of the most correlated points in an urban environment

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 3(2), P. 2211 - 2211

Published: April 1, 2025

This study investigates the maximum wind energy potential of points that exhibit highest correlation in an urban environment. A tunnel experiment was simulated a previous using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) methodology to generate speed time series at various locations within complex setting. The analysis focuses on speeds different heights and spatial points, demonstrating clear dependence height, with correlations generally increasing as height increases. phenomenon is attributed disruption turbulent eddies by buildings, which significantly influences flow patterns. Spectral Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (SPOD) technique employed calculate energy, revealing values occur building rooftops. Additionally, empirical equation proposed, relating distance between most correlated relatively high coefficient. findings this research have practical implications for optimization renewable resources, particularly environments where highly complex. contributes understanding settings, offering insights could be valuable placement design turbines such challenging environments. revealed significant positioning occurring An developed predict difference based tool optimization. These provide actionable integration systems settings.

Language: Английский

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Enhancing Radiological Safety: A Computational Approach to Predicting Radioactive Effluent Dispersion

Nuclear Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 16

Published: April 9, 2025

Language: Английский

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Assessment of Wind Resource Potential at Different Heights in Urban Areas: A Case Study of Beijing

Renewable Energy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 123175 - 123175

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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