PLoS ONE,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
19(12), P. e0309228 - e0309228
Published: Dec. 3, 2024
Ammonia
is
widely
acknowledged
to
be
a
stressor
and
one
of
the
most
detrimental
gases
in
animal
enclosures.
In
livestock-
poultry-breeding
facilities,
precise,
rapid,
affordable
method
for
detecting
ammonia
concentrations
essential.
We
design
develop
an
electronic
nose
system
containing
bionic
chamber
that
imitates
nasal-cavity
structure
humans
canines.
The
sensors
are
positioned
based
on
fluid
simulation
results.
Response
data
ethanol
response/
recovery
times
sensor
under
three
collected
using
system.
classified
regressed
sparrow
search
algorithm
(SSA)-optimized
backpropagation
neural
network
(BPNN).
results
show
has
relative
mean
deviation
1.45%.
sensor’s
output
voltage
1.3–2.05
V
when
concentration
ranges
from
15
300
ppm.
gas
1.89–3.15
8
200
average
response
time
13
s
slower
than
directly
exposed
being
measured,
while
19
faster.
tests
comparing
performance
SSA-BPNN,
support
vector
machine
(SVM),
random
forest
(RF)
models,
SSA-BPNN
achieves
99.1%
classification
accuracy,
better
SVM
RF
models.
It
also
outperforms
other
models
at
regression
prediction,
with
smaller
absolute,
root
square
errors.
Its
coefficient
determination
(R
2
)
greater
0.99,
surpassing
those
theoretical
experimental
both
indicate
proposed
chamber,
used
offers
promising
approach
facilities.
ACS Sensors,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 22, 2025
Rational
design
of
heterostructure
(HS)-based
surface
acoustic
wave
(SAW)
smart
gas
sensors
for
efficient
and
accurate
subppm
level
ammonia
(NH3)
detection
at
room
temperature
(RT)
is
great
significance
in
environmental
protection
human
safety.
This
study
introduced
a
novel
HS
composed
an
AlN-based
SAW
resonator
CuO
nanoparticles
(NPs)
as
chemical
interface
NH3
RT
(∼26
°C).
The
structural,
morphological,
compositions
were
detailly
investigated,
which
demonstrates
that
the
CuO/AlN
was
successfully
formed
via
interfacial
modulation.
sensor
exhibited
significant
positive
frequency
shift
52.60
kHz
response
to
100
ppm
NH3,
4.8
times
higher
than
as-grown
AlN
sensor.
Additionally,
ultrafast
response/recovery
5/25
s,
remarkably
low
limit
(LOD)
24
ppb,
excellent
long-term
stability
selectivity.
These
results
are
attributed
high
porosity
defect
sites
NPs,
enhanced
charge
transfer
heterointerface,
well
decreased
mass
loading
conductivity
effects.
also
demonstrated
distinct
responses
under
varying
relative
humidity
(RH):
RH
(5%–10%)
due
increased
conductivity,
negative
(20%–80%)
loading.
sensing
characteristics
validated
through
X-ray
photoelectron
spectroscopy
band
diagram
analysis
resistive-type
measurements.
findings
highlight
potential
integrating
metal
oxide
with
nitride
semiconductors
advanced
SAW-based
technology
industrial
applications.
International Journal for Simulation and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16, P. 7 - 7
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Current
models
for
disease
detection
in
fruit
tree
leaves
suffer
from
limitations
such
as
low
recognition
precision,
high
frequencies
of
missed
and
false
detections.
To
address
these
challenges,
an
advanced
model
AppleLite-YoloV8
is
proposed
this
study.
Built
on
the
YOLOv8
architecture,
incorporates
a
refined
backbone
with
EdgeNeXt
network,
enhancing
feature
extraction
improved
identification
precision.
Also
novel
C2f-SC
module
integrates
SCCONV
convolution
into
C2f
module,
creating
lightweight
architecture
while
reducing
computational
complexity.
Additionally,
DySample
adaptively
modifies
up-sampling
process,
boosting
resistance
to
interference
improving
small-scale
diseases.
The
MPDIOU
refines
bounding
box
regression
loss,
accuracy
robustness
objects
varying
dimensions.
Experimental
results
demonstrate
model's
effectiveness
detecting
common
apple
leaf
diseases
Alternaria
Blotch,
Brown
Spot,
Grey
achieving
precision,and
recall
values
97.56%,
94.38%,
respectively,
speed
124.33
fps.
With
just
29.3
million
parameters
57.6
GFLOPs,
computationally
suitable
resource-constrained
devices.
These
advancements
make
it
robust,
efficient,
practical
real-time
intelligent
agricultural
environments.
Sensors,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
24(5), P. 1628 - 1628
Published: March 1, 2024
In
areas
where
livestock
are
bred,
there
is
a
demand
for
accurate,
real-time,
and
stable
monitoring
of
ammonia
concentration
in
the
breeding
environment.
However,
existing
electronic
nose
systems
have
slow
response
times
limited
detection
accuracy.
this
study,
we
introduce
novel
solution:
bionic
chamber
construction
optimized,
sensor
data
analyzed
using
an
intelligent
algorithm.
We
analyze
structure
biomimetic
surface
airflow
array
to
determine
sensing
units
system.
The
system
employs
detect
ethanol
gases
circulating
within
closed
box.
captured
signals
processed,
followed
by
application
classification
regression
models
prediction.
Our
results
suggest
that
system,
leveraging
chamber,
offers
rapid
gas
times.
A
high
prediction
accuracy,
with
determination
coefficient
R2
value
0.99
single-output
over
0.98
multi-output
predictions,
achieved
incorporating
backpropagation
(BP)
neural
network
These
outcomes
demonstrate
effectiveness
nose,
based
on
optimized
combined
BP
algorithm,
accurately
detecting
emitted
during
excreta
fermentation,
satisfying
requirements
farms.
Contemporary Agriculture,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
72(4), P. 216 - 223
Published: Dec. 1, 2023
Summary
Animals,
like
humans,
act
according
to
physiological
patterns
of
behavior
that
change
in
response
various
internal
and
external
stimuli.
Environmental
pollutants
represent
“negative”
stimuli
stressors.
Air
pollution
is
among
sources
pose
the
greatest
threat
environment
all
living
organisms.
Exposure
causes
behavioral
changes
animals
disruption
organ
functions
structures,
which
are
often
identical
those
humans
working
or
under
same
conditions
as
(e.g.,
on
a
farm
city).
Aside
from
shorter
life
span
possible
premature
death,
there
some
diseases
commonly
occur
result
exposure.
Symptoms
indicative
disease
irritation,
such
coughing,
lameness,
diarrhea,
eye
discharge
like,
cause
animal
make
movements
(actions)
not
part
their
normal
routine
considered
changes.
Behavioral
earliest
indicator
suffering
physical
mental
disorders
can
negatively
affect
its
health
and,
case
livestock,
production
results.
Various
species
serve
indicators
pollution,
domestic
animals,
including
also
this
purpose.
resulting
exposure
include
disorientation,
problems
interacting
with
other
reproductive
problems,
respiratory,
digestive
symptoms,
etc.
This
review
compiled
data
number
studies
after
short
long
environmental
pollutants.
The
focus
was
effects
air
particular
importance
they
share
space
breed
them
for
economic
interest.