Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 10, 2025

Climate change and its associated environmental challenges pose significant threats to food security, particularly in arid semi-arid regions such as Iraq. This study employed an integrated geoinformation approach assess the spatiotemporal impact of key stressors on agricultural productivity over past two decades (2003–2023). The primary objective this was evaluate influence climate variability, land degradation, water availability security Specifically, it aims analyse changes use cover (LULC), surface temperature (LST), vegetation health using Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), drought conditions Palmer Drought Severity (PDSI), soil moisture, pH, demographic trends. A geospatial analysis integrating remote sensing Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques (in short, Geoinformatio) conducted identify changes. Satellite-derived indices, Salinity (NDSI), Turbidity Index, Tillage (NDTI), were used degradation quality. findings revealed a increase LST, with peak temperatures rising from 46.6°C 2003 49.9°C 2023, exacerbating reducing viability. Soil salinity, measured NDSI, indicated upward trend, reaching value 0.52 2013, which indicates worsening degradation. Water quality deteriorated, reflected by turbidity levels (NDTI values peaking at 0.49 2008), affecting irrigation suitability. NDVI declined 0.41 2018 but showed partial recovery 0.59 suggesting management efforts. identified high-risk zones where compounded threaten security. results underscore effectiveness approaches assessing impacts agriculture offer scientific foundation for policymakers develop targeted mitigation strategies. Future research should explore machine learning models predictive analyses region-specific adaptation measures enhance resilience.

Language: Английский