Biofungicides Based on Plant Extracts: On the Road to Organic Farming
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(13), P. 6879 - 6879
Published: June 22, 2024
Phytopathogenic
fungi
are
responsible
for
diseases
in
commercially
important
crops
and
cause
major
supply
problems
the
global
food
chain.
Plants
were
able
to
protect
themselves
from
disease
before
humans
played
an
active
role
protecting
plants.
They
known
synthesize
a
variety
of
secondary
metabolites
(SMs),
such
as
terpenes,
alkaloids,
phenolic
compounds,
which
can
be
extracted
using
conventional
unconventional
techniques
formulate
biofungicides;
plant
extracts
have
antifungal
activity
various
mechanisms
action
against
these
organisms.
In
addition,
they
considered
non-phytotoxic
potentially
effective
control.
sustainable
economically
viable
alternative
use
agriculture,
is
why
biofungicides
increasingly
recognized
attractive
option
solve
caused
by
synthetic
fungicides.
Currently,
organic
farming
continues
grow,
highlighting
importance
developing
environmentally
friendly
alternatives
crop
production.
This
review
provides
compilation
literature
on
biosynthesis,
phytopathogens,
extraction
formulation
biofungicides,
biological
phytopathogenic
fungi,
regulation,
advantages,
disadvantages
overview
current
agriculture.
Language: Английский
Toxic effects of eight azole fungicides on the growth, photosynthetic activity, and oxidative stress of Raphidocelis subcapitata
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 7, 2025
This
study
investigates
the
96
hr
toxicity
and
physiological
effects
of
eight
azole
fungicides
on
Raphidocelis
subcapitata
(R.
subcapitata).
The
findings
revealed
significant
differences
in
levels
among
these
fungicides,
with
hierarchy
as
follows:
difenoconazole
≈
tetraconazole
fuberidazole
>
metconazole
terrazole
triflumizole
flutriafol
hymexazol.
Increased
concentrations
corresponded
decreased
cellular
activity
inhibited
algal
growth,
highlighting
concentration-dependent
nature
toxicity.
toxicological
mechanisms
involved
include
reduced
chlorophyll
(Chla,
Chlb)
carotenoids,
disrupting
photosynthetic
process.
Additionally,
exposure
to
resulted
total
protein
levels,
increased
reactive
oxygen
species
malondialdehyde,
elevated
antioxidant
enzymes
such
superoxide
dismutase
catalase.
Consequently,
there
was
a
rise
apoptosis
rates
cells.
These
provide
important
insights
for
assessing
ecological
impact
aquatic
ecosystems
life.
Language: Английский