Soil Science Society of America Journal,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
80(2), P. 450 - 462
Published: March 1, 2016
Core
Ideas
Soil
C
and
N
measures
are
an
integral
component
to
soil
health
assessment.
Active
were
not
sensitive
tillage
cropping
intensity.
We
propose
7
criteria
that
will
aid
in
selecting
future
metrics.
Permanganate
oxidizable
scored
the
highest
based
on
criteria.
Monitoring
is
important
of
any
land
management
system
sustains
resources.
As
metrics
health,
we
evaluated
surface
organic
matter
(SOM)
properties
from
five
field
experiments
ranging
2
30
yr
old
representing
diverse
agroecosystems
across
inland
Pacific
Northwest
(iPNW).
The
SOM
measured
included
(SOC),
total
N,
acid
nonhydrolyzable
(NHC),
(NHN),
acid-hydrolyzable
(HC),
(HN),
microbial
biomass
(MBC),
(MBN),
carbon
mineralization
(Cmin),
permanganate
(POXC),
ion
exchange
membrane
(IEM
N),
potential
(PNM).
further
these
Haney
index
(SHindex)
relative
following
seven
as
a
framework
judge
effectiveness
tools:
(i)
evidence
based,
(ii)
change,
(iii)
logistically
sensitive,
(iv)
cost
effective,
(v)
accurate
precise,
(vi)
performed
situ,
(vii)
valued
for
decisions.
Measures
active
highly
variable,
particularly
1-d
Cmin
(CV,
3–53%),
IEM
9–55%),
SHindex
4–37%)
subsequently
management.
displayed
sensitivity
more
stabilized
SOM,
indicated
by
strong
correlations
NHC
(r
=
0.84)
NHN
0.80),
coupled
with
provided
complimentary
information
health.
Using
gauge
metrics,
POXC
should
be
considered
assessment
within
iPNW.
Soil Biology and Biochemistry,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
120, P. 105 - 125
Published: Feb. 13, 2018
Sampling
and
analysis
or
visual
examination
of
soil
to
assess
its
status
use
potential
is
widely
practiced
from
plot
national
scales.
However,
the
choice
relevant
attributes
interpretation
measurements
are
not
straightforward,
because
complexity
site-specificity
soils,
legacy
effects
previous
land
use,
trade-offs
between
ecosystem
services.
Here
we
review
quality
related
concepts,
in
terms
definition,
assessment
approaches,
indicator
selection
interpretation.
We
identify
most
frequently
used
indicators
under
agricultural
use.
find
that
explicit
evaluation
with
respect
specific
threats,
functions
services
has
rarely
been
implemented,
few
approaches
provide
clear
schemes
measured
values.
This
limits
their
adoption
by
managers
as
well
policy.
also
consider
novel
address
currently
neglected
though
important
properties
processes,
list
crucial
steps
development
a
procedure
scientifically
sound
supports
management
policy
decisions
account
for
multi-functionality
soil.
requires
involvement
pertinent
actors,
stakeholders
end-users
much
larger
degree
than
date.
Soil Research,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
53(6), P. 605 - 605
Published: Jan. 1, 2015
A
review
has
been
undertaken
into
how
soil
organic
matter
(SOM)
affects
a
range
of
properties
that
are
important
for
the
productive
capacity
soils.
The
potential
effect
varying
amount
SOM
in
on
individual
was
investigated
using
literature
search
published
information
largely
from
Australia,
but
also
including
relevant
overseas.
considered
included
aggregate
stability,
bulk
density,
water-holding
capacity,
erodibility,
colour,
strength,
compaction
characteristics,
friability,
nutrient
cycling,
cation
exchange
acidity
and
buffering
to
form
ligands
complexes,
salinity,
interaction
with
biology.
Increases
have
strong
influence
only
physical
surface
soils,
perhaps
top
10
cm,
or
20
cm
at
most.
This
limits
productivity.
Even
so,
is
critical
zone
soil.
It
where
seeds
sown,
germinate
emerge.
large
proportion
plant
materials
added
decomposition
recycling
nutrients
rainfall
either
enters
runs
off.
Therefore,
improve
condition
0–20
still
through
cycling
such
as
mineralisation
nitrogen
nitrate
can
an
profile.
PeerJ,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
6, P. e4428 - e4428
Published: Feb. 26, 2018
Most
cropland
in
the
United
States
is
characterized
by
large
monocultures,
whose
productivity
maintained
through
a
strong
reliance
on
costly
tillage,
external
fertilizers,
and
pesticides
(Schipanski
et
al.,
2016).
Despite
this,
farmers
have
developed
regenerative
model
of
farm
production
that
promotes
soil
health
biodiversity,
while
producing
nutrient-dense
products
profitably.
Little
work
has
focused
relative
costs
benefits
novel
farming
operations,
which
necessitates
studying
situ
,
farmer-defined
best
management
practices.
Here,
we
evaluate
effects
conventional
corn
systems
pest
services,
conservation,
farmer
profitability
throughout
Northern
Plains
States.
Regenerative
provided
greater
ecosystem
services
for
than
an
input-intensive
production.
Pests
were
10-fold
more
abundant
insecticide-treated
fields
insecticide-free
farms,
indicating
who
proactively
design
pest-resilient
food
outperform
react
to
pests
chemically.
had
29%
lower
grain
but
78%
higher
profits
over
traditional
systems.
Profit
was
positively
correlated
with
particulate
organic
matter
soil,
not
yield.
These
results
provide
basis
dialogue
ecologically
based
could
be
used
simultaneously
produce
conserving
our
natural
resource
base:
two
factors
are
pitted
against
one
another
simplified
To
attain
this
requires
systems-level
shift
farm;
simply
applying
individual
practices
within
current
will
likely
documented
results.
Agronomy Journal,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
112(5), P. 3265 - 3277
Published: May 7, 2020
Abstract
The
current
and
projected
anthropogenic
global
warming
the
attendant
increase
in
severity
extent
of
soil
degradation
may
exacerbate
intensity
duration
drought
occurrence
agroecosystems.
Restoration
organic
matter
(SOM)
content
degraded/depleted
soils
can
water
retention
(SWR)
more
at
field
capacity
(FC)
than
that
permanent
wilting
point
(PWP),
thus
plant
available
(PAWC).
magnitude
PAWC
depend
on
texture
initial
SOM
content.
Thus,
restoration
make
them
as
well
agroecosystems
climate‐resilient.
Management
practices
which
enhance
health
by
restoring
include
conservation
agriculture,
cover
cropping,
residue
mulching,
complex
farming
systems
involving
integration
crops
with
trees
livestock.
Such
technologies
must
be
fine‐tuned
under
site‐specific
conditions.
Additional
research
is
needed
to
establish
cause‐effect
relationship
between
ameliorative
effect
drought‐resilience
for
diverse
cropping
systems.
Advances in Natural Sciences Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
8(1), P. 013001 - 013001
Published: Feb. 2, 2017
Agriculture
stands
to
benefit
from
nanotechnology
in
areas
such
as
combating
pests
and
pathogens,
regulating
the
growth
quality
of
crops,
developing
intelligent
materials
nanosensors.
The
objective
this
paper
is
provide
an
overview
use
nanomaterials
(NMs)
nanoparticles
(NPs)
plant
nutrition,
highlighting
their
advantages
potential
uses,
but
also
reviewing
possible
environmental
destination
effects
on
ecosystems
consumers.
NPs
NMs
have
been
shown
be
attractive
alternative
for
manufacture
nanofertilizers
(NFs),
which
are
more
effective
efficient
than
traditional
fertilizers.
Because
impact
crop
nutritional
stress
tolerance
plants,
application
NFs
increasing.
However,
there
virtually
no
studies
when
used
agriculture.
These
necessary
because
can
transferred
by
various
pathways
where
they
cause
toxicity
organisms,
affecting
biodiversity
abundance
these
ecosystems,
may
ultimately
even
Global Change Biology,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
25(11), P. 3753 - 3766
Published: July 14, 2019
Abstract
Increasing
soil
organic
carbon
(SOC)
via
inputs
is
a
key
strategy
for
increasing
long‐term
C
storage
and
improving
the
climate
change
mitigation
adaptation
potential
of
agricultural
systems.
A
trial
in
California's
Mediterranean
revealed
impacts
management
on
SOC
maize‐tomato
wheat–fallow
cropping
was
measured
at
initiation
experiment
year
19,
five
depth
increments
down
to
2
m,
taking
into
account
changes
bulk
density.
Across
entire
m
profile,
systems
did
not
with
addition
N
fertilizer,
winter
cover
crops
(WCC),
or
irrigation
alone
decreased
by
5.6%
no
inputs.
There
some
evidence
gains
both
fertilizer
irrigation,
though
high
variation
precluded
detection
significant
changes.
In
maize‒tomato
rotations,
increased
12.6%
(21.8
Mg
C/ha)
WCC
composted
poultry
manure
inputs,
across
profile.
The
conventionally
managed
system
stocks
3.5%
(1.44
0–30
cm
layer,
but
10.8%
(14.86
30–200
resulting
overall
losses
13.4
C/ha.
If
we
only
top
30
cm,
would
have
assumed
an
increase
total
alone,
whereas
reality
occurred
when
considering
Ignoring
subsoil
dynamics
deeper
layers
fails
recognize
opportunities
sequestration,
may
lead
false
conclusions
about
impact
practices
sequestration.
