Quantifying carbon for agricultural soil management: from the current status toward a global soil information system

Carbon Management, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. 567 - 587

Published: Sept. 3, 2019

The importance of building/maintaining soil carbon, for health and CO2 mitigation, is increasing interest to a wide audience, including policymakers, NGOs land managers. Integral any approaches promote carbon sequestering practices in managed soils are reliable, accurate cost-effective means quantify C stock changes forecast responses different management, climate edaphic conditions. While technology accurately measure concentrations stocks has been use decades, many challenges routine, quantification remain, large spatial variability, low signal-to-noise often high cost standardization issues direct measurement with destructive sampling. Models, empirical process-based, may provide practical support sequestration policies. Examples described how science methods being used domestic change policies on agricultural lands (cropland grazing land) at national provincial levels Australia Canada. Finally, system outlined – consisting well-integrated data-model frameworks, supported by expanded monitoring networks, remote sensing crowd-sourcing management activity data that could comprise the core new global information system.

Language: Английский

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Living cover crops have immediate impacts on soil microbial community structure and function

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 72(4), P. 361 - 373

Published: Jan. 1, 2017

Cover cropping is a widely promoted strategy to enhance soil health in agricultural systems. Despite substantial body of literature demonstrating links between cover crops and biology, an important component health, research evaluating how specific crop species influence microbial communities remains limited. This study examined the effects eight fall-sown grown singly multispecies mixtures on community structure biological activity using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles daily respiration rates, respectively. Fourteen treatments no control were established August 2011 2012 adjacent fields central Pennsylvania following spring oats (Avena sativa L.). Soil sampled from bulk collected depth 20 cm (7.9 in) fall spring, approximately two nine months after planting prior termination. In both led increase total PLFA concentration relative arable weed present plots (increases 5.37 nmol g⁻¹ 10.20 g⁻¹, respectively). While there was positive correlation aboveground plant biomass (whether weeds or crops) concentration, we also found that individual favored particular functional groups. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi more abundant beneath oat cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) crops. Non-AM positively associated with hairy vetch (Vicia villosa These crop-microbial group associations not only monocultures, but mixtures. Arable higher proportions actinomycetes Gram-positive bacteria. varied by treatment correlated size composition (fungal:bacterial ratio) community. establishes clear link crops, communities, health. We have shown while generally promote activity, are species-specific ultimately activity. discovery paves way for intentional management microbiome through selection.

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of hydroponic systems for the cultivation of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., var. Longifolia) and comparison with protected soil-based cultivation

Agricultural Water Management, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 245, P. 106572 - 106572

Published: Oct. 16, 2020

Language: Английский

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Microbial Biostimulants as Response to Modern Agriculture Needs: Composition, Role and Application of These Innovative Products

Plants, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(8), P. 1533 - 1533

Published: July 27, 2021

An increasing need for a more sustainable agriculturally-productive system is required in order to preserve soil fertility and reduce biodiversity loss. Microbial biostimulants are innovative technologies able ensure agricultural yield with high nutritional values, overcoming the negative effects derived from environmental changes. The aim of this review was provide an overview on research related plant growth promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) used alone, consortium, or combination organic matrices such as (PBs). Moreover, effectiveness role microbial biological tool improve fruit quality limit degradation discussed. Finally, increased use these products requires achievement accurate selection beneficial consortia, ability prepare future agriculture challenges. Hence, implementation microorganism positive list provided by EU (2019/1009), desirable.

Language: Английский

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The life of soils: Integrating the who and how of multifunctionality

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 166, P. 108561 - 108561

Published: Jan. 18, 2022

Capturing the complexity of soil life for quality assessments is one most challenging paradoxes contemporary science. Soil biota perform a plethora processes that are fundamental to quality. As concept developed, so have attempts integrate biological measurements into monitoring schemes from field regional scale. To date, however, science has not yet succeeded provide flexible objective indicator methods assess multifunctionality, customised user's context. We present an integrative framework and elucidate who how multifunctionality. The encompasses current scientific understanding role in supporting many underly specified these relationships four functions (Carbon Climate Regulation, Water Regulation Purification, Nutrient Cycling, Disease Pest Regulation). identify challenges often encountered assessment discuss can be applied selection tool. conducted different contexts. objectives range mechanistic understanding, functional land management large spatial scale will practical logistical constraints method vary. Biological need move beyond quest one-size-fits-all minimum dataset, adopt more nuanced approach founded biology. stress attributes should considered isolation but alongside chemical physical attributes, as well environmental contextualisation. presented offers structure further quantify, understand communicate biology defining

Language: Английский

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The ‘soil health’ metaphor: Illuminating or illusory?

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 159, P. 108167 - 108167

Published: Feb. 11, 2021

Language: Английский

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Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) with Biofilm-Forming Ability: A Multifaceted Agent for Sustainable Agriculture

Diversity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 112 - 112

Published: Jan. 13, 2023

Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) enhance plant growth, as well protect plants from several biotic and abiotic stresses through a variety of mechanisms. Therefore, the exploitation PGPB in agriculture is feasible it offers sustainable eco-friendly approaches to maintaining soil health while increasing crop productivity. The vital key application its effectiveness colonizing roots phyllosphere, developing protective umbrella formation microcolonies biofilms. Biofilms offer benefits PGPB, such enhancing resistance adverse environmental conditions, protecting against pathogens, improving acquisition nutrients released environment, facilitating beneficial bacteria–plant interactions. bacterial biofilms can successfully compete with other microorganisms found on surfaces. In addition, plant-associated are capable colonization sites, cycling nutrients, pathogen defenses, tolerance stresses, thereby agricultural productivity yields. This review highlights role surfaces strategies used by biofilm-forming PGPB. Moreover, factors influencing biofilm at root shoot interfaces critically discussed. will pave formulations addressing challenges related their efficacy competence for sustainability.

Language: Английский

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Pulse-based cropping systems for soil health restoration, resources conservation, and nutritional and environmental security in rainfed agroecosystems

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Feb. 3, 2023

Pulses are an important source of energy and protein, essential amino acids, dietary fibers, minerals, vitamins, play a significant role in addressing global nutritional security. The pulse area, production, average productivity increased from 1961 to 2020 (60 years). usually grown under rainfed, highly unstable, complex production environments, with substantial variability soil environmental factors, high year-to-year output variability, variation moisture. Since the last six decades, there is not much satisfactory improvement yield pulses because their cultivation harsh coupled continuous ignorance farmers governments policy planning. As result, food supplies through remained negligible amounted merely ~1.0% total supply 1.2% vegan system. In this situation, protein-rich still question raised at level make malnutrition-free world. vital component agricultural biological diversity, for tackling climate change, serve as diet vegetarians. can mitigate change by reducing dependence on synthetic fertilizers that artificially introduce nitrogen (N) into soil. demand manufacture chemical emit greenhouse gases (GHGs), overuse harm environment. addition, increasing vegetal protein most agroecosystems has be met stressed rainfed situation. agroecosystem shelter poor people part globe, such Africa, South Asia, Latin America. Nearly, 83% [over 1,260 million hectares (ha)] cultivated land comes agriculture, contributing significantly security supplying over 60% food. areas, limitation natural resources shrinking land, nutrient mining, fertility depletion, declining factor, constantly depleting water availability, decreasing carbon (C) stock, augmented weed menace, ecological instability, reduced system creating more challenging Pulses, being crops marginal semi-marginal soils arid semi-arid climates, require less input cultivation, water, nutrients, tillage, labor, energy. Furthermore, accommodation area reduces groundwater exploitation, C N footprints, agrochemical application cropping systems, ill effects due inherent capacity withstand exhibit phytoremediation properties stand well condition. This article focuses services, human wellbeing, soil, health, economic advanced sustainability. Therefore, study will enhance understanding system-based approach involvement pulses. present highlighted research findings support direction exploring real potential It provide road map producers, researchers, policymakers, government planners working promote them achieve United Nations (UN's) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Language: Английский

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Biochar modulating soil biological health: A review

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 914, P. 169585 - 169585

Published: Dec. 27, 2023

Biochar can be used for multifunctional applications including the improvement of soil health and carbon storage, remediation contaminated water resources, mitigation greenhouse gas emissions odorous compounds, feed supplementation to improve animal health. A healthy preserves microbial biodiversity that is effective in supressing plant pathogens pests, recycling nutrients growth, promoting positive symbiotic associations with roots, improving structure supply nutrients, ultimately enhancing productivity growth. As a amendment, biochar assures biological through different processes. First, supports habitats microorganisms due its porous nature by formation stable micro-aggregates. also serves as nutrient source. alters physical chemical properties, creating optimum conditions diversity. immobilize pollutants reduce their bioavailability would otherwise inhibit However, depending on pyrolysis settings feedstock comprised contaminants polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons potentially toxic elements activity, thereby impacting

Language: Английский

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Climate Change—The Rise of Climate-Resilient Crops

Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 490 - 490

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

Climate change disrupts food production in many regions of the world. The accompanying extreme weather events, such as droughts, floods, heat waves, and cold snaps, pose threats to crops. concentration carbon dioxide also increases atmosphere. United Nations is implementing climate-smart agriculture initiative ensure security. An element this project involves breeding climate-resilient crops or plant cultivars with enhanced resistance unfavorable environmental conditions. Modern agriculture, which currently homogeneous, needs diversify species cultivated plants. Plant programs should extensively incorporate new molecular technologies, supported by development field phenotyping techniques. Breeders closely cooperate scientists from various fields science.

Language: Английский

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