Advanced Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
11(21)
Published: March 9, 2024
Abstract
Development
of
efficient,
stable,
and
recyclable
photocatalysts
for
organic
synthesis
is
vital
transformation
traditional
thermal
chemistry
into
green
sustainable
chemistry.
In
this
work,
the
study
reports
an
electrostatic
approach
to
assemble
meso‐tetra
(4‐sulfonate
phenyl)
porphyrin
(TPPS)tetra
(TPPS)
as
a
donor
benzyl
viologen
(BV)
acceptor
stable
photocatalyst
efficient
reaction
–
aryl
sulfide
oxidation.
By
use
TPPS‐BV
photocatalysts,
0.1
mmol
with
electron‐donating
group
can
be
completely
transformed
sulfoxide
in
60
min
without
overoxidation
sulfone,
rendering
near
100%
yield
selectivity.
The
recycled
up
95%
when
10
mg
amount
used.
Mechanistic
reveals
that
charge
separation
between
TPPS
BV
results
sufficient
formation
superoxide
which
further
reacts
oxidized
by
produce
sulfoxide.
This
mechanistic
pathway
differs
significantly
from
previously
proposed
singlet
oxygen‐dominated
process
homogeneous
photocatalysis.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
44(2), P. 460 - 469
Published: Jan. 6, 2025
Microplastics
(<
5
mm)
are
a
diverse
class
of
contaminants
ranging
in
morphology,
polymer
type,
and
chemical
cocktail.
Microplastic
toxicity
can
be
driven
by
one
or
combination
these
characteristics.
Most
studies,
however,
evaluate
the
physical
effect
most
commercially
available
polymers.
By
disregarding
other
polymers
with
high
consumption
and/or
production
rates,
constituents
plastics,
we
fail
to
have
holistic
understanding
mechanisms
toxicity.
Polyurethane
is
understudied
terms
effects
testing
yet
considered
hazardous
due
its
composition.
found
common
consumer
products
from
packaging
spray
foam
insulation.
To
better
understand
physico-chemical
polyurethane
additive
products,
exposed
larval
fathead
minnows
for
28
days
without
additives
(i.e.,
plastic
treatment),
leachate
containing
tris(chloropropyl)phosphate
[TCPP];
i.e.,
treatment)
fully
factorial
experiment.
We
observed
significant
decreases
growth
at
12
posthatch
(dph)
plastic,
chemical,
treatments,
suggesting
driver
At
dph,
did
not
observe
differences
growth,
individuals
recover.
also
concentrations
ΣTCPPs
minnow
treatment
only
treatment,
demonstrating
TCPP
uptake
individuals.
Combined,
our
data
suggests
importance
both
components
microplastics
when
assessing
effects,
thus
emphasizing
need
multidimensional
way.
Marine Pollution Bulletin,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
213, P. 117654 - 117654
Published: Feb. 8, 2025
Exposure
to
organophosphate
esters
(OPEs)
remains
a
significant
concern,
especially
in
aquatic
systems
where
these
compounds
can
bioaccumulate
organisms.
However,
limited
information
exists
regarding
their
potential
health
risks
humans
through
the
food
web
tropical
ecosystems.
This
study
investigated
levels,
bioaccumulation,
and
trophic
transfer
of
OPEs
sediments
marine
fish
species
from
Cartagena
Barbacoas
bays,
Colombia.
Twenty
target
were
quantified
fish.
The
average
concentrations
∑18OPEs
ranged
2.80
115
ng/g
dry
weight
(dw),
while
∑20OPE
212
1968
lipid
(lw),
with
highest
found
carnivorous
species.
Trophic
magnification
factors
(TMF)
for
varied
11.0
25.8
such
as
2-ethylhexyl
diphenyl
phosphate
(EHDPP),
4-isopropylphenyl
(4IPPDPP),
tris(2-isopropylphenyl)
(T2IPPP),
tricresylphosphate
(TCP),
indicating
biomagnification
within
web.
Biota-sediment
accumulation
(BSAF)
∑11OPEs
0.340
4.32,
showing
Spearman
correlation
log
Kow
fish:
Pargo
chino
(r
=
-0.78,
p
<
0.05),
Mojarra
blanca
0.79,
Lisa
0.72,
0.05).
suggests
that
bioaccumulation
certain
increase
lipophilicity
compounds.
Despite
findings,
human
risk
OPE
exposure
via
consumption
was
be
minimal.
Toxics,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
13(5), P. 358 - 358
Published: April 30, 2025
Fludioxonil
is
a
widely
used
fungicide
that
frequently
to
combat
fungal
plant
diseases.
Consequently,
excessive
concentrations
of
fludioxonil
may
enter
and
accumulate
over
time
in
aquatic
systems,
harming
(micro)
organisms
several
ways.
Thus,
it
great
importance
evaluate
the
potential
toxic
effects
using
bioassays.
In
present
study,
various
vitro
assays
were
assess
possible
human
cells
microorganisms.
For
investigation
on
freshwater
microalgae,
Scenedesmus
rubescens
Dunaliella
tertiolecta
exposed
environmentally
relevant
for
period
96
h.
at
50–200
μg
L−1
significantly
limited
growth
both
especially
first
24
h
exposure,
where
inhibitions
up
82.34%
calculated.
The
toxicity
was
further
evaluated
via
Microtox
test,
studied
found
be
less
bacteria
Aliivibrio
fischeri.
Regarding
cells,
fludioxonil’s
cyto-genotoxic
assessed
Trypan
blue
exclusion
test
Cytokinesis
Block
MicroNucleus
(CBMN)
assay.
Cell
viability
all
fludioxonil-treated
similar
control
values
according
results
test.
However,
CBMN
assay
revealed
had
genotoxic
higher
exerted
cytotoxic
activity
against
lymphocytes.
Specifically,
only
highest
dose
fludioxonil,
i.e.,
10
mL−1,
lymphocytes,
whereas
treatment
with
0.5,
1,
5
mL−1
did
not
lead
statistically
significant
induction
micronuclei
(MN)
frequencies
compared
culture.
fludioxonil-mediated
cytotoxicity
significant,
which
demonstrated
by
decreased
CBPI
(cytokinesis
block
proliferation
index)
cases
except
lowest
dose,
0.5
mL−1.