Toxicity of the Antiretrovirals Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate, Lamivudine, and Dolutegravir on Cyanobacterium Microcystis novacekii DOI Open Access
Gabriel Souza-Silva, Maria Dalva Bezerra de Alcântara, Cléssius Ribeiro de Souza

et al.

Water, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 815 - 815

Published: March 12, 2025

Antiretrovirals (ARVs) have become one of the most prescribed groups drugs, and these residues are found in environment. Among them, widely used HIV treatment tenofovir (TDF), lamivudine (3TC), dolutegravir (DTG). This study aimed to evaluate toxicity ARVs TDF, 3TC, DTG on cyanobacterium Microcystis novacekii estimate their environmental risk. showed highest among drugs tested, inhibiting cyanobacteria cell growth metabolic activity at low concentrations. TDF 3TC alone were less toxic, with more pronounced adverse effects long time exposures high However, combination ARVs, especially a synergistic effect, significantly increasing compared alone. Excipients commercial formulations such as sodium lauryl sulfate, also influenced toxicity. Although risk cyanobacteria, assessment indicated that although toxic M. novacekii, may pose moderate-to-high risks typical These results reinforce need for strict regulation monitoring release into environment, development effective treatments removing sewage plants. contributes understanding ecotoxicological impacts highlights importance long-term assessments adequately formulations.

Language: Английский

Toxicity of the Antiretrovirals Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate, Lamivudine, and Dolutegravir on Cyanobacterium Microcystis novacekii DOI Open Access
Gabriel Souza-Silva, Maria Dalva Bezerra de Alcântara, Cléssius Ribeiro de Souza

et al.

Water, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 815 - 815

Published: March 12, 2025

Antiretrovirals (ARVs) have become one of the most prescribed groups drugs, and these residues are found in environment. Among them, widely used HIV treatment tenofovir (TDF), lamivudine (3TC), dolutegravir (DTG). This study aimed to evaluate toxicity ARVs TDF, 3TC, DTG on cyanobacterium Microcystis novacekii estimate their environmental risk. showed highest among drugs tested, inhibiting cyanobacteria cell growth metabolic activity at low concentrations. TDF 3TC alone were less toxic, with more pronounced adverse effects long time exposures high However, combination ARVs, especially a synergistic effect, significantly increasing compared alone. Excipients commercial formulations such as sodium lauryl sulfate, also influenced toxicity. Although risk cyanobacteria, assessment indicated that although toxic M. novacekii, may pose moderate-to-high risks typical These results reinforce need for strict regulation monitoring release into environment, development effective treatments removing sewage plants. contributes understanding ecotoxicological impacts highlights importance long-term assessments adequately formulations.

Language: Английский

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