IntechOpen eBooks,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 7, 2025
This
chapter
presents
a
general
overview
of
titanium
dioxide
(TiO2)
as
key
component
in
photocatalytic
degradation
processes
with
emphasis
on
water
quality
improvement
focusing
the
organic,
toxic,
persistent,
and
water-diluted
pharmaceutical
waste
molecules.
They
are
often
linked
to
emerging
contaminants
such
drug
residues
byproducts
from
significant
anthropogenic
activities.
Throughout
text,
there
is
an
physical,
chemical,
optical
properties
that
make
it
essential
applications.
It
also
introduces
fundamental
concepts
principles
photocatalysis,
facilitating
analysis
optimal
experimental
parameters
conditions
for
efficient
processes.
Additionally,
interaction
between
some
pharmaceuticals
examined
understand
potential
side
effects
may
impact
its
efficacy.
Finally,
discusses
current
challenges
study
part
waste.
Overcoming
these
would
enhance
performance
while
ensuring
widespread
implementation
treatment
systems.
Journal of Environmental Management,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
353, P. 120170 - 120170
Published: Feb. 1, 2024
The
stress
of
pharmaceutical
and
personal
care
products
(PPCPs)
discharging
to
water
bodies
the
environment
due
increased
industrialization
has
reduced
availability
clean
water.
This
poses
a
potential
health
hazard
animals
human
life
because
contamination
is
great
issue
climate,
plants,
humans,
aquatic
habitats.
Pharmaceutical
compounds
are
quantified
in
concentrations
ranging
from
ng/Lto
μg/L
environments
worldwide.
According
(Alsubih
et
al.,
2022),
carbamazepine,
sulfamethoxazole,
Lutvastatin,
ciprofloxacin,
lorazepam
were
616–906
ng/L,
16,532–21635
694–2068
734–1178
2742–3775
ng/L
respectively.
Protecting
preserving
our
must
be
well-driven
by
all
sectors
sustain
development.
Various
methods
have
been
utilized
eliminate
emerging
pollutants,
such
as
adsorption
biological
advanced
oxidation
processes.
These
their
benefits
drawbacks
removal
pharmaceuticals.
Successful
wastewater
treatment
can
save
bodies;
integrating
green
initiatives
into
main
purposes
actor
firms,
combined
with
continually
periodic
awareness
current
implications
environmental/water
pollution,
will
play
major
role
conservation.
article
reviews
key
publications
on
adsorption,
biological,
processes
used
remove
environment.
It
also
sheds
light
capability
methods,
efficacy
concentration
removal.
A
research
gap
identified
for
researchers
explore
order
problem
associated
wastes.
Therefore,
future
study
should
focus
combining
an
excellent
way
products,
even
at
low
concentrations.
Biological
ideal
circumstances
microbial
that
enable
simultaneous
effects
diverse
efficiency.
Deleted Journal,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: June 1, 2024
Interactions
between
humans
and
the
physical
environment
in
which
they
live
have
been
studied
extensively
reason
being
that
human
activities
to
a
great
extent
exert
an
influence
on
(biotic
abiotic).
Pollution
other
hand
is
introducing
harmful
substances
into
are
damaging
living
organisms.
Pollutants
can
be
gases,
liquids
or
solids
produced
concentrations
higher
than
usual
diminish
quality
of
environment.
Human
adverse
effects
by
polluting
air
we
breathe,
water
drink
even
cause
climatic
changes.
In
terms
provision
manifold
services,
technology
societal
modernization,
industrial
revolution
recorded
outstanding
success,
it
however,
was
beginning
mass
production
pollutants
emitted
caused
health
our
era,
industrialization
urbanization
evidently
reaching
unprecedented
disturbing
proportions
globally
with
anthropogenic
pollution
one
major
public
hazards,
accounting
for
almost
9
million
deaths
annually.
This
research
therefore
aims
investigate
environmental
from
activities,
particularly
water,
climate
change
provide
comprehensive
understanding
interconnectedness
their
consequences.
Furthermore,
since
emerges
as
global
concern
developing
countries;
this
study
thus
also
highlights
significance
efficient
wastewater
treatment
crucial
strategy
sustainable
development,
exploring
its
potential
contribution
mitigation.
Catalysts,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(3), P. 189 - 189
Published: March 10, 2024
A
large
variety
of
pharmaceutical
compounds
have
recently
been
detected
in
wastewater
and
natural
water
systems.
This
review
highlighted
the
significance
removing
compounds,
which
are
considered
indispensable
emerging
contaminants,
from
Various
advanced
oxidation
processes
(AOPs),
including
UV-H2O2,
Fenton
photo-Fenton,
ozone-based
processes,
photocatalysis,
physical
such
as
sonolysis,
microwave,
electron
beam
irradiation,
regarded
most
viable
methods
to
eliminate
different
categories
discussed.
All
these
AOPs
exhibit
great
promising
techniques,
catalytic
degradation
process
advantages,
disadvantages
each
technique
were
deliberated.
Heterogeneous
photocatalysis
employing
metal
oxides,
particularly
anatase
TiO2
nanoparticles
catalysts
activated
by
UV
light
was
reviewed
terms
electron–hole
separation,
migration
charge
carriers
catalyst
surfaces,
redox
potential
carriers.
brief
overview
also
emphasized
that
TiO2-based
nanomaterials
photocatalysts,
a
combination
other
enhanced
photocatalytic
efficiency.
Finally,
challenges
applying
environmental
remediation
treatments
degrade
mass
spectroscopic
analysis
biological
activity
test
by-products
contaminants
resulting
summarized.
Journal of Molecular Liquids,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
410, P. 125513 - 125513
Published: July 14, 2024
The
contamination
of
natural
water
resources
by
pharmaceutical
pollutants
has
become
a
significant
environmental
concern.
Traditional
experimental
approaches
for
understanding
the
adsorption
behavior
these
contaminants
on
different
surfaces
are
often
time-consuming
and
resource-intensive.
In
response,
this
review
article
explores
powerful
combination
in
silico
techniques,
including
molecular
dynamics
(MD),
Monte
Carlo
simulations
(MC),
quantum
mechanics
(QM),
as
comprehensive
toolset
to
obtain
broad
perspectives
into
pollutants.
By
bridging
multiple
scales,
from
molecular-level
interactions
macroscopic
impact,
computational
methods
offer
holistic
processes
involved.
We
provide
an
overview
their
ecological
effects,
emphasizing
need
efficient
sustainable
solutions.
Subsequently,
we
delve
theoretical
foundations
MD,
MC,
QM,
highlighting
respective
strengths
simulating
pollutant
adsorption.
Moreover,
synergistic
potential
combining
methodologies
is
also
discussed
more
characterization
processes.
Recent
case
studies
illustrate
successful
application
techniques
predicting
behaviors
various
conditions.
Finally,
implications
discussed,
along
with
how
modelling
can
guide
solutions
mitigating
impact.
Molecules,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
27(8), P. 2577 - 2577
Published: April 16, 2022
The
ever-increasing
rate
of
pollution
has
attracted
considerable
interest
in
research.
Several
anthropogenic
activities
have
diminished
soil,
air,
and
water
quality
led
to
complex
chemical
pollutants.
This
review
aims
provide
a
clear
idea
about
the
latest
most
prevalent
pollutants
such
as
heavy
metals,
PAHs,
pesticides,
hydrocarbons,
pharmaceuticals—their
occurrence
various
mixtures
how
several
environmental
factors
influence
their
interaction.
mechanism
adopted
by
these
contaminants
form
leading
rise
new
class
contaminants,
thus
resulting
severe
threats
human
health
environment,
also
been
exhibited.
Additionally,
this
provides
an
in-depth
vivo,
vitro,
trending
biomarkers
used
for
risk
assessment
identifies
mixed
even
at
very
minute
concentrations.
Much
importance
given
remediation
technologies
understand
our
current
position
handling
can
be
improved.
paper
create
awareness
among
readers
ubiquitous
simple
ways
tackle
same.
Environmental Pollution,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
342, P. 123115 - 123115
Published: Dec. 10, 2023
The
use,
overuse,
and
improper
use
of
antibiotics
have
resulted
in
higher
levels
antibiotic-resistant
bacteria
(ARB)
antibiotic-resistance
genes
(ARGs),
which
profoundly
disturbed
the
equilibrium
environment.
Furthermore,
once
antibiotic
agents
are
excreted
urine
feces,
these
substances
often
can
reach
wastewater
treatment
plants
(WWTPs),
treatments
been
highlighted
as
main
reason
for
stronger
dissemination
antibiotics,
ARB,
ARGs
to
receiving
bodies.
Hence,
achieving
better
removal
capacities
WWTPs
is
proposed
an
adequate
approach
limit
spread
into
In
this
review,
we
highlight
hospital
(WW)
a
critical
hotspot
resistance
due
its
high
level
pathogens.
monitoring
composition
structure
bacterial
communities
related
WW
key
factor
controlling
ARGs.
addition,
discuss
advantages
drawbacks
current
biological
regarding
phenomenon.
Widely
used
conventional
activated
sludge
technology
has
proved
be
ineffective
mitigating
ARB
However,
aerobic
granular
(AGS)
promising
technology-with
broad
adaptability
excellent
performance-that
could
successfully
reduce
generated
effluents.
We
also
outline
operational
parameters
involved
WWTPs.
regard,
operation
under
long
hydraulic
solid
retention
times
allows
independently
employed.
Finally,
address
knowledge
adsorption
degradation
their
importance
removing
Notably,
AGS
enhance
complex
microbial
metabolism
within
biomass.
Environmental Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
249, P. 118401 - 118401
Published: Feb. 7, 2024
This
study
investigates
for
the
first
time
contamination
of
water
and
sediment
Venice
Lagoon
by
twenty
Contaminants
Emerging
Concern
(CECs):
three
hormones,
six
pharmaceutical
compounds
(diclofenac
five
antibiotics,
which
are
macrolides),
nine
pesticides
(methiocarb,
oxadiazon,
metaflumizone,
triallate,
neonicotinoids),
one
antioxidant
(BHT),
UV
filter
(EHMC).
Water
samples
were
collected
in
seven
sites
four
seasons,
with
aim
investigating
occurrence,
distribution,
possible
emission
sources
selected
CECs
studied
transitional
environment.
The
most
frequently
detected
contaminants
neonicotinoid
insecticides
(with
a
frequency
quantification
single
ranging
from
73%
to
92%),
EHMC
(detected
77%
samples),
followed
BHT
(42%),
diclofenac
(39%),
clarithromycin
(35%).
In
highest
frequencies
those
(54%),
estrogens
(ranging
35%
65%),
azithromycin
(46%).
Although
this
baseline
does
not
highlight
seasonal
or
spatial
trends,
results
suggested
that
two
major
could
be
tributary
rivers
its
drainage
basin
treated
wastewater,
due
limited
removal
rates
some
WWTPs.
These
preliminary
call
further
investigations
better
map
priority
improve
understanding
environmental
behavior,
final
drawing
up
site-specific
Watch
List
support
design
more
comprehensive
monitoring
plans
future.