Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
26, P. e00091 - e00091
Published: May 6, 2020
Nutrient
over-enrichment
in
freshwater
environments,
together
with
the
on-going
climate
change,
favour
toxin-producing
cyanobacteria
bloom.
Human
health
hazard
may
arise
from
drinking
contaminated
water.
Additionally,
cyanobacterial
blooms
affect
other
economic
areas
such
as
tourism,
recreation,
commercial
fishery,
water
management
and
monitoring.
Nowadays
there
is
a
scarcity
of
information
on
seasonal
variations
cyanotoxins
various
regions.
Understanding
historical
trends
variation
patters
foundation
for
forecasting
will
help
to
develop
effective
strategies.
This
review
gives
an
overview
cyanotoxins'
analysis
levels
environments
particular
emphasis
Europe.
Recent
analytical
approaches
are
discussed
patterns
three
major
European
zones
(Mediterranean,
continental,
Atlantic)
were
distinguished.
data
multi-year
studies
showed
tendency
increasing
levels.
Environmental Sciences Europe,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
33(1)
Published: March 9, 2021
Abstract
Background
Bloom-forming
cyanobacteria
occur
globally
in
aquatic
environments.
They
produce
diverse
bioactive
metabolites,
some
of
which
are
known
to
be
toxic.
The
most
studied
cyanobacterial
toxins
microcystins,
anatoxin,
and
cylindrospermopsin,
yet
more
than
2000
metabolites
have
been
identified
date.
Data
on
the
occurrence
cyanopeptides
other
microcystins
surface
waters
sparse.
Results
We
used
a
high-performance
liquid
chromatography–high-resolution
tandem
mass
spectrometry/tandem
spectrometry
(HPLC–HRMS/MS)
method
analyse
cyanotoxin
cyanopeptide
profiles
raw
drinking
water
collected
from
three
freshwater
reservoirs
United
Kingdom.
A
total
8
were
quantified
using
reference
standards.
further
20
based
suspect-screening
procedure,
with
class-equivalent
quantification.
Samples
Ingbirchworth
reservoir
showed
highest
concentrations,
reaching
5.8,
61,
0.8
µg/L
August,
September,
October,
respectively.
Several
classes
anabaenopeptins,
cyanopeptolins,
dominating
September
37%,
36%,
26%,
Tophill
Low
reached
2.4
but
remained
below
0.2
months.
Embsay
did
not
exceed
0.1
µg/L.
At
Low,
maximum
chlorophyll-a
concentrations
37
22
µg/L,
respectively,
count
6
×
10
4
cells/mL
observed
at,
or
few
days
after,
peak
concentrations.
These
values
World
Health
Organization’s
guideline
levels
for
relatively
low
probability
adverse
health
effects,
defined
as
2
cells/mL.
Conclusions
This
data
is
first
present
aeruginosins,
microginins,
along
U.K.
reservoirs.
better
understanding
those
that
abundant
can
inform
future
monitoring
studies
abatement
efficiency
during
treatment.
Toxins,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
11(8), P. 436 - 436
Published: July 25, 2019
Cyanobacteria
are
a
diverse
group
of
photosynthetic
Gram-negative
bacteria
that
produce
an
array
secondary
compounds
with
selective
bioactivity
against
broad
spectrum
organisms
and
cell
lines.
In
this
study,
29
strains
isolated
from
freshwaters
in
Greece
were
classified
using
polyphasic
approach
assigned
to
Chroococcales,
Synechococcales,
Nostocales,
representing
11
genera
17
taxa.
There
good
agreements
between
16S
ribosomal
RNA
(rRNA)–cpcBA–internal
genetic
spacer
(IGS)
characterization
morphological
features,
except
for
the
Jaaginema–Limnothrix
which
appears
intermixed
needs
further
elucidation.
Methanol
extracts
analyzed
cyanotoxin
production
tested
pathogenic
species
several
cancer
We
report
first
time
Nostoc
oryzae
strain
rice
fields
capable
producing
microcystins
(MCs)
Chlorogloeopsis
fritschii
plankton
lake,
suggesting
may
also
occur
freshwater
temperate
habitats.
Strains
very
high
or
identical
rRNA
gene
sequences
displayed
different
antibacterial
cytotoxic
activities.
Extracts
Synechococcus
cf.
nidulans
showed
most
potent
activity
Staphylococcus
aureus,
whereas
Jaaginema
sp.
exhibited
activities
human
colorectal
adenocarcinoma
hepatocellular
carcinoma
cells.
Thessaloniki
Aristotle
University
Microalgae
(TAU-MAC)
0110
0210
caused
pronounced
changes
actin
network
triggered
formation
numerous
lipid
droplets
green
monkey
kidney
cells,
oxidative
stress
and/or
mitochondrial
damage
leading
apoptosis.
Chemosphere,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
261, P. 127888 - 127888
Published: Aug. 21, 2020
Besides
anthropogenic
contamination,
freshwater
environments
can
also
be
affected
by
the
presence
of
natural
toxins.
Mycotoxins,
plant
toxins
and
cyanotoxins
are
most
relevant
groups
that
found
in
aquatic
system.
However,
until
now,
only
have
been
more
carefully
studied.
In
present
work,
single
workflow
for
assessment
waters,
based
on
suspect
screening
target
a
selected
group
is
presented.
The
approach
triple-stage
solid-phase
extraction
(SPE)
able
to
isolate
wide
range
different
polarities,
followed
liquid
chromatography
coupled
high-resolution
mass
spectrometry
(HPLC-ddHRMS2)
using
Q-Exactive
Orbitrap
analyser.
acquisition
was
performed
full-scan
(FS)
data-dependant
(ddMS2)
mode,
working
under
positive
negative
mode.
For
tentative
identification,
on-line
databases
such
as
ChemSpider
MzCloud
an
in-house
list
with
2384
structures,
includes
cyanotoxins,
mycotoxins,
were
used.
Also,
thanks
MS2
data,
it
possible
achieve
high
level
identification
confidence,
but
confirmation
comparing
standards
suspected
compounds.
those,
analytical
parameters
developed
method
validated,
quantification
external
calibration.
Validation
showed
recoveries
between
53
95%,
limits
detection
(MDL)
0.02
1.22
μg/L.
This
applied
study
4
sampling
sites
along
Ter
River
Catalonia
(NE
Spain).
this
preliminary
23
tentatively
identified,
9
them
confirmed
(aflatoxin
B1,
anatoxin-a,
nodularin,
microcystin-LR,
baicalein,
kojic
acid,
cinchonine,
B-asarone
atropine).
results
these
compounds
concentrations
below
1
μg/L
all
cases,
considered
safe
according
actual
legislation.
allows
comprehensive
waters.
Toxins,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
14(1), P. 61 - 61
Published: Jan. 16, 2022
In
the
context
of
increasing
occurrences
toxic
cyanobacterial
blooms
worldwide,
their
monitoring
in
Belgium
is
currently
performed
by
regional
environmental
agencies
(in
two
three
regions)
using
different
protocols
and
restricted
to
some
selected
recreational
ponds
lakes.
Therefore,
a
global
assessment
based
on
comparison
existing
datasets
not
possible.
For
this
study,
79
water
samples
from
five
lakes
Wallonia
occasional
Flanders
Brussels,
including
canal,
were
analyzed.
A
Liquid
Chromatography
with
tandem
mass
spectrometry
(LC-MS/MS)
method
allowed
detect
quantify
eight
microcystin
congeners.
The
mcyE
gene
was
detected
PCR,
while
dominant
species
identified
16S
RNA
amplification
direct
sequencing.
diversity
for
characterized
amplicon
Microcystins
above
limit
quantification
(LOQ)
68
samples,
World
Health
Organization
(WHO)
recommended
guideline
value
microcystins
(24
µg
L-1)
surpassed
18
samples.
concentrations
ranged
0.11
L-1
2798.81
total
microcystin.
45
dominance
genera
Microcystis
sp.,
Dolichospermum
Aphanizomenon
Cyanobium/Synechococcus
Planktothrix
Romeria
Cyanodictyon
Phormidium
sp.
shown.
Moreover,
75.71%
all
Toxins,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
14(8), P. 513 - 513
Published: July 27, 2022
Food
supplements
are
gaining
popularity
worldwide.
However,
harmful
natural
compounds
can
contaminate
these
products.
In
the
case
of
algae-based
products,
presence
toxin-producing
cyanobacteria
may
cause
health
risks.
data
about
prevalence
algal
food
on
Belgian
market
and
possible
contaminations
with
cyanotoxins
scarce.
Therefore,
we
optimized
validated
a
method
based
Ultra
High
Performance
Liquid
Chromatography-Tandem
Mass
Spectrometry
to
quantify
eight
microcystin
congeners
nodularin
in
supplements.
Our
analytical
was
successfully
applied
35
supplement
samples.
Nine
out
samples
contained
congeners,
which
three
exceeded
1
µg
g−1,
previously
proposed
guideline
value.
Additionally,
mcyE
gene
amplified
sequenced
ten
products
identify
taxon
responsible
for
toxin
production.
For
seven
samples,
could
be
associated
Microcystis
sp.
EFSA
posology
consumption
algal-based
were
both
combined
our
establish
different
exposure
scenarios
assess
risks
propose
new
values.
Aquaculture Research,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
53(15), P. 5129 - 5141
Published: July 16, 2022
Cyanobacteria
can
form
intense
and
sometimes
toxic
blooms
in
all
kinds
of
aquatic
ecosystems,
typified
as
cyanobacterial
bloom.
Cyanobacterial
create
a
range
harmful
toxins,
which
may
disturb
water
sources,
successively
posing
serious
health
threat
to
living
organisms,
at
this
stage
they
are
termed
algal
(CyanoHABs).
The
occurrence
toxins
globally
reported,
so
is
the
evident
Bangladesh,
mainly
trigged
by
increased
anthropogenic
eutrophication
global
climate
change.
accumulation
several
human's
drinking
water,
recreational
biota
such
zooplankton,
fish
larvae
juveniles
interrupt
aquaculture,
ecosystem
public
Bangladesh.
As
management
measures
cyanobacteria
cyanotoxin
insufficient
proper
for
mitigating
worldwide
crucial
maintenance
sustainable
development
functional
some
recommendations
illustrated.
Further
appropriate
research
on
biology
ecology
cyanobacteria,
their
relationship
with
environmental
factors
well
nutrient
ponds
manage
noxious
algae
essential
minimize
adverse
impacts
aquaculture
country.
Toxins,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(3), P. 126 - 126
Published: March 7, 2025
Cyanobacterial
harmful
algal
blooms
(cyanoHABs)
are
a
natural
phenomenon
produced
mainly
by
the
interaction
between
and
anthropogenic
events.
CyanoHABs
characterized
production
of
cyanotoxins
that
can
have
effects
on
different
species
within
food
web
even
affect
human
health.
Among
most
prevalent
toxin
groups
worldwide
microcystins
(MCs),
anatoxins
(ATXs),
cylindrospermopsins
(CYNs)
nodularins
(NODs),
which
as
toxins
with
hepatotoxic,
neurotoxic,
cytotoxic
effects.
This
review
summarizes
analyzes
research
influence
cyanoHABs,
main
toxin-producing
cyanobacteria
in
freshwater
marine
bodies,
highlighting
their
global
occurrence,
toxicology,
bioaccumulation
dynamics
vectors
web,
cases
acute
chronic
intoxications
humans.
is
useful
for
understanding
cyanoHABs’
ecosystem
impact
health,
how
implementation
surveillance
management
framework
could
generate
vital
information
stakeholders
to
establish
health
guidelines
risks
hazards
cyanoHABs