Morphine and codeine in racing horse feed: is there reason for concern?
Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
76(1), P. 60 - 66
Published: March 1, 2025
Opiates
such
as
morphine
and
codeine
are
substances
often
misused
to
improve
the
performance
of
racing
horses
during
competitions
therefore
on
International
Federation
for
Equestrian
Sports'
list
prohibited
substances.
However,
a
positive
antidoping
test
may
be
due
consumption
feed
(mainly
lucerne
or
oats)
contaminated
by
opium
poppy
containing
alkaloids
codeine.
In
order
determine
whether
is
result
an
intentional
abuse
opiates
poppies,
we
optimised
conditions
extraction
from
dehydrated
developed
validated
gas
chromatography-mass
spectrometry
(GC-MS)
method
simultaneous
determination
both
analytes.
The
most
efficient
was
achieved
using
citrate
buffer
pH4
followed
solid
phase
extraction.
showed
satisfactory
linearity
(R2>0.9980)
in
tested
concentration
range
(85-1600
ng/g),
well
good
precision
(RSD<4
%),
accuracy
(>95
sensitivity
(limit
detection
22
25
ng/g
codeine,
respectively).
proposed
used
analysing
sample
having
measurable
content
(1510
ng/g)
(327
that
can
cause
results
opiate
blood
urine
testing
up
4
hours
after
feeding
horse
with
less
than
500
g
lucerne.
use
this
analytical
should
enable
exclusion
tests.
Language: Английский
Investigating the effect of different grinding conditions and methods on the concentration of opium alkaloids in poppy seeds as a good reduction practice
Journal of Food Composition and Analysis,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
129, P. 106098 - 106098
Published: Feb. 17, 2024
In
recent
years,
following
intoxications
and
false
positive
drug
tests
for
poppy
seeds,
dangerously
high
concentrations
of
opium
alkaloids
(OAs)
have
been
found.
For
this
reason,
health
authorities
are
demanding
studies
to
establish
effective
practices
reduce
OAs
in
these
seeds.
Grinding,
a
common
culinary
process
various
recipes,
has
previously
associated
with
potential
morphine
degradation.
However,
not
established
grinding
conditions
decrease
the
concentration
all
main
OAs.
Furthermore,
due
large
variation
that
can
occur
even
same
bag,
be
difficult
task.
view
above,
study
aimed
evaluate
first
time
impact
different
types,
varying
or
repetitions,
determine
any
degradation
trends
present
As
result,
it
was
obtained
notable
20%
second
grinders
where
oil
content
seeds
is
released,
hinting
at
oil's
protective
role
against
oxidation.
Therefore,
choice
method
crucial.
while
acknowledging
this,
relying
solely
on
as
good
practice
reduction
may
insufficient,
seems
minimal
other
tested
methods
conditions.
Language: Английский