Toxins, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 221 - 221
Published: May 1, 2025
The occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a serious global health issue, and it emphasizes the need for novel antimicrobial agents. This review explores potential snake venom as another alternative strategy against resistance. Snake venoms are complex combinations bioactive peptides proteins, including metalloproteases (MPs), serine proteases (SPs), phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes, three-finger toxins (3FTXs), cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs), L-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs), (AMPs). antibacterial products possess wide-spectrum activity resistant microbes via diverse mechanisms such cell membrane disruption, enzymatic hydrolysis microbial structures, generation oxidative stress, inhibition biofilms, immunomodulation. Strong reported by most studies, but these mostly restricted to in vitro testing with low translational use. Although preliminary insights into molecular targets physiological effects exist, further studies needed clarify long-term safety therapeutic potential. Special attention given venom-derived extracellular vesicles (SVEVs), which enhance protecting them from degradation, improving bioavailability, facilitating targeted delivery. Furthermore, innovative delivery strategies PEGylation, liposomes, hydrogels, microneedle patches, biopolymer films, nanoparticles discussed their role reducing systemic toxicity enhancing efficacy. rational modification expands utility pharmacokinetics minimizing off-target effects. Together, approaches highlight venom-based therapies next-generation antimicrobials fight infections. By outlining challenges directions, this positions an overlooked fertile resource battle antibiotic
Language: Английский