Rabies Neglected Modes of Transmission in Pakistan DOI Open Access

International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: Zoonosis Volume 3, P. 106 - 120

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Rabies is a contagious but preventable disease.While canine rabies remains the predominant mode of transmission in Pakistan, there are other under-recognized reservoirs and routes exposure to that pose significant public health threat.This chapter delves into these neglected transmission, urging comprehensive approach control prevention.Bat-transmitted rabies, mongoose-transmitted transmitted through wildlife human beings also contributors this disease.Fruit bats have wide-ranging foraging patterns emerge as potential sources fruit-borne incidents.Interactions with cherished aspect Pakistani culture warrant scrutiny.Transmission professional activities causes care professionals veterinarians.Ritual such dog fights spread disease; fighting dogs disease ultimately beings.Rodents present almost every region contaminate household Pakistan transmit beings.Bites or scratches from seemingly docile playful animals foxes, jackals, mongooses, etc. can virus.Public education initiatives emphasizing responsible interactions prompt post-exposure prophylaxis crucial prevention transmission.Ignoring non-canine pathways hinders effective control.This advocates for multifaceted encompassing expanded surveillance diverse animal reservoirs, targeted interventions tailored specific routes, heightened awareness about vectors.Only holistic approaches effectively combat threat rabies.

Language: Английский

Revisiting Molossus (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Molossidae) diversity: Exploring southern limits and revealing a novel species in Argentina DOI Creative Commons

Micaela A. Chambi Velasquez,

Romina Pavé, Antonella Argoitia

et al.

Vertebrate Zoology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 74, P. 397 - 416

Published: June 10, 2024

Abstract Understanding species diversity and delineating their boundaries are crucial for effective management conservation efforts. In the case of bats, identification holds particular importance from an epidemiological standpoint. The genus Molossus (Chiroptera: Molossidae) encompasses 15 distributed across Neotropics, ranging southeastern United States to Argentina. This exhibits two contrasting patterns variation: some cryptic, while others morphologically distinct yet genetically similar. study explores in Argentina through a molecular phylogenetic approach. We analyzed sequences three markers (cyt b , COI, FGB) along with morphology data obtained sample 64 individuals. Uni- multivariate analyses external cranial measurements were conducted, alongside comparisons characteristics among species. Based on morphological differences, we describe new within genus. newly discovered broad distribution spanning Paraná River basin ecoregions. It is noteworthy that this pseudo-cryptic respect similar-sized such as M. molossus melini . Additionally, it important mention all have overlapping ranges. summary, provides valuable insights into bats Argentina, employing analyses. discovery underscores ongoing comprehensive research efforts understanding conserving bat populations Neotropics.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Discovery of a novel bat lyssavirus in a Long-fingered bat (Myotis capaccinii) from Slovenia DOI Creative Commons
Danijela Černe, Peter Hostnik, Ivan Toplak

et al.

PLoS neglected tropical diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. e0011420 - e0011420

Published: June 29, 2023

Lyssaviruses are the causative agents of rabies, a zoonotic, fatal disease that is thought to be ancestral bats. In last decade, detection bat associated lyssaviruses increasing also in Europe. Within retrospective lyssavirus surveillance study total 225 dead bats 21 species were collected Slovenia between 2012 and 2019 tested by specific real-time RT-PCR method. The first positive sample was detected using RT-PCR, fluorescent antibody test, next generation sequencing, while rabies tissue culture inoculation test unsuccessful due degradation storage conditions. nearly complete genome Divača from consists 11,871 nucleotides reflects characteristic gene organization known for lyssaviruses, encoding five viral proteins. Phylogenetic analysis revealed it belongs phylogroup I most closely related Kotalahti (KBLV) with 87.20% nucleotide 99.22% amino acid identity. Together KBLV, Khujand virus, European 2, Bakeloh lyssavirus, Aravan genus Myotis suggesting its key role transmission maintenance certain lyssaviruses.

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Comprehensive Genomic, Mutation, Phylogenetic, and Statistical Analysis of the Monkeypox Virus Across Multiple Countries DOI
Imran Zafar,

Faheem kanwal,

Muhammad Azmat

et al.

Indian Journal of Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Climate Change‐Driven Heatwaves Pose Lethal Risks to Newborn Forest Bats DOI Creative Commons
Danilo Russo,

Anne Mäenurm,

Luca Cistrone

et al.

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(5)

Published: May 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Climate change poses a significant threat to biodiversity, with extreme weather events such as heatwaves exacerbating the risks animal populations. Temperature extremes can cause high physiological stress in animals, particularly species or life stages limited thermoregulatory abilities. While available evidence pertains flying foxes and bats using bat boxes dwelling urban environments, heatwave‐induced mortality forest‐dwelling temperate forests has not been reported. We present first of heatwave‐related forest bats, specifically common noctules Nyctalus noctula , observed northeast Italy during summers 2023 2024. Our fieldwork, conducted fragment Friuli‐Venezia Giulia Region (Northeastern Italy), identified 17 dead juvenile found at base roost trees periods heat (T max ≥ 30°C). Laboratory necropsies revealed that death was consistent heat‐related stress, no viral infections were detected, recent feeding few individuals. Dead are difficult find forests, especially when occurs unsurveyed areas, scavengers remove carcasses, deaths go unnoticed within cavities. Consequently, our observations likely represent only fraction actual mortality. The phenomenon may be quantitatively widespread. findings highlight vulnerability populations heatwaves, fragmented habitats where roosting opportunities limited. results allow us hypothesise fragmentation increases exposure along edges. In context climate change, roosts deemed suitable act ecological traps, making this hypothesis worth testing.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Transmission dynamics of rabies through stochastic analysis with the effect of vaccination in dogs population DOI

Gul Khan,

Rasha Kadri Ibrahim, Abdelaziz Hendy

et al.

The European Physical Journal Plus, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 140(5)

Published: May 26, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Diversity of Rabies Virus Variants in Insectivorous Bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae and Molossidae): An Epidemiological Study in Central Argentine Patagonia DOI Creative Commons
Analía L. Giménez,

Marcelo Juan Zabalza,

Laura Novaro

et al.

Viruses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 788 - 788

Published: May 30, 2025

Rabies virus (RABV) causes a fatal infection in the central nervous system of mammals. RABV circulates through two different epidemiological cycles—terrestrial and aerial—with bats being natural reservoir aerial cycle. In Patagonia, only variants (V) associated with insectivorous have been detected. The aim this study was to assess diversity circulating from Central Argentina. Fifty-six samples seven bat species eleven localities Chubut province were analyzed using direct immunofluorescence biological assay, while antigenic determined an indirect test. Twelve tested positive for (>21%). Variants V4 V6 identified T. brasiliensis L. varius, respectively. remaining did not exhibit any pattern previously These H. macrotus, magellanicus, montanus, varius. Our results confirm circulation over 71% 63% assessed. We recommend maintaining active surveillance at both local regional levels ensure early detection cases transmission risks, which is crucial disease prevention control.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Host Taxonomy is Critical in Zoonotic Disease Surveillance and Reporting DOI Creative Commons
Link E. Olson, Maya M. Juman

Journal of Wildlife Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 60(2)

Published: March 18, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Diagnostic Investigations and Genetic Analysis of Coronavirus, Herpesvirus and Lyssavirus in Bats Located in Tuscany and Latium, Italy DOI Open Access
Silvia Tofani, Ida Ricci, Antonella Cersini

et al.

Published: May 7, 2024

Chiroptera includes of over 1,400 bat species with at least 35 these present in Italy. Due to their role as lyssavirus reservoirs, Italy, dead bats and oral swabs are routinely submitted the laboratory network Istituti Zooprofilattici Sperimentali within framework rabies national passive active surveillance programme. Carcasses biological samples collected from January December 2021 Latium Tuscany Regions were further screened for presence Coronaviruses (CoVs) Herpesviruses, using pan-family virus PCR tests relative products Sanger sequenced. Subsequent viral investigations, genetic was also carried out. Viral characterization detected AlphaCoVs Miniopterus schreibersii Beta- Gamma-Herpesviruses Tadarida Teniotis.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Identification of Dobrava-Belgrade Virus in Apodemus flavicollis from North-Eastern Italy during Enhanced Mortality DOI Creative Commons
Stefania Leopardi, Petra Drzewnioková, Melissa Baggieri

et al.

Viruses, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 1241 - 1241

Published: June 7, 2022

Hantaviruses include several zoonotic pathogens that cause different syndromes in humans, with mortality rates ranging from 12 to 40%. Most commonly, humans get infected through the inhalation of aerosols or dust particles contaminated virus-containing rodent excreta. are specifically associated host species, and human cases depend on presence dynamics reservoir hosts. In this letter, we report identification Dobrava-Belgrade virus (DOBV) yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) Italy. The was detected mountainous area province Udine, bordering Austria Slovenia, during an event enhanced wild mice voles. Despite serological evidence rodents suggested circulation hantaviruses Italy since 2000, is first virological confirmation infection. Phylogenetic analyses across whole genome two viruses confirmed host-specificity DOBV sub-species showed highest identity identified Slovenia Croatia both A. flavicollis no signs reassortment. These findings highlight need for ecologists, veterinarians medical doctors come together a coordinated approach full compliance One Health concept.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
First Complete Cytochrome B Sequences and Molecular Taxonomy of Bat Species from Sri Lanka DOI Creative Commons
Thejanee Perera, F. Schwarz, Therese Muzeniek

et al.

Animals, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(13), P. 1674 - 1674

Published: June 29, 2022

This is the first report on molecular identification and phylogeny of Rousettus leschenaultii Desmarest, 1810, Rhinolophus rouxii Temminck, 1835, Hipposideros speoris Schneider, 1800, lankadiva Kelaart, 1850, Miniopterus fuliginosus Kuhl, 1817, bat species in Sri Lanka, inferred from analyses by mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b gene sequences. Recent research has indicated that bats show enormous cryptic genetic diversity. Moreover, even within same species, acoustic properties echolocation calls morphological features such as fur color could vary different populations. Therefore, we have used taxonomy for accurate five recorded one largest cave populations Lanka. The were caught using a hand net, saliva samples collected non-invasively each sterile oral swab. Nucleic acids extracted swab samples, mitochondrial DNA was amplified primers targeting gene. study reports evidence Our findings will contribute to future conservation systematic studies also provide basis database Lankan which significantly investigation potentially zoonotic viruses.

Language: Английский

Citations

4