Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Aug. 5, 2022
Abstract
For
viral
diseases,
vaccination
with
live
attenuated
vaccine
(LAV)
is
one
of
the
most
effective
means
for
fighting
diseases.
However,
LAVs
are
easy
to
spill
from
vaccinated
individuals
and
circulate
in
population
unforeseen
consequences.
Currently,
SARS-CoV-2
undergoing
clinical
trials.
In
this
study,
we
found
that
recombinant
viruses
isolated
Indian
SARS
CoV-2
infected
persons
may
be
candidate
LAV-derived
strains,
indicating
risk
LAV
spillover
persons,
increasing
complexity
detection.
addition,
property
recombination
increases
chance
virulence
reversion.
Therefore,
how
distinguish
wild
strain
avoid
circulating
challenges
currently
faced
by
development.
Journal of Global Infectious Diseases,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(2), P. 41 - 42
Published: April 1, 2023
The
SARS-CoV-2
virus
has
been
a
persistent
challenger
from
2019
causing
the
ongoing
COVID-19
pandemic.
occurrence
of
numerous
mutations
over
passage
time
leads
to
emergence
new
variants.
These
variants
have
posed
significant
challenges
our
efforts
control
spread
disease.
One
particular
area
where
their
impact
felt
is
in
testing.
In
this
editorial,
we
would
try
explore
consequences
on
testing
and
discuss
strategies
address
these
challenges.
As
viruses
replicate,
they
naturally
accumulate
genetic
material.
no
exception,
it
undergone
several
mutations.
Some
most
well-known
include
Alpha,
Beta,
Gamma,
Delta
variants,
each
with
its
unique
set
mutations.[1]
shown
increased
transmissibility,
altered
disease
severity,
and,
some
cases,
reduced
susceptibility
certain
therapeutics.
introduced
worldwide.
Diagnostic
tests,
such
as
polymerase
chain
reaction
(PCR)
antigen
rely
detecting
specific
sequences
or
viral
proteins
associated
virus.[2]
Mutations
regions
can
potentially
affect
accuracy
sensitivity
tests.
First,
lead
false-negative
false-positive
results.
A
result
could
occur
if
mutation
alters
primer
binding
sites
PCR
test,
leading
decreased
missed
detection.
Conversely,
results
might
arise
cross-reactivity
non-SARS-CoV-2
other
respiratory
pathogens.
Second,
transmissibility
higher
loads
infected
individuals.
This
heightened
load
timing
test
positivity,
earlier
detection
shorter
incubation
periods.
It
necessitates
careful
consideration
optimal
window
for
accurate
diagnosis.
To
combat
by
mutations,
need
be
implemented:[3]
Genetic
surveillance:
Increased
genomic
surveillance
crucial
tracking
involves
sequencing
genomes
positive
samples
identify
potential
public
health
measures
Test
optimization:
Continuous
evaluation
adjustment
protocols
are
necessary
ensure
effectiveness
against
includes
regular
assessment
probe
used
well
development
tests
targeting
different
Diversification
approaches:
Employing
multiple
methods,
combining
enhance
compensate
limitations
Serological
also
provide
valuable
information
about
past
infections
immune
responses
Vaccine
monitoring:
Ongoing
vaccine
efficacy
emerging
crucial.
Monitoring
breakthrough
among
vaccinated
individuals
help
booster
doses
modifications
existing
vaccines.
Food
Drug
Administration
(FDA)
provides
following
recommendations
developers
regarding
performance
diagnostic
tests:[4]
Developers
advised
design
manner
that
minimizes
influence
Regular
monitoring
should
clearly
communicated
test's
labelling.
designed
target
detect
known
likely
become
outdated
rapidly
due
virus.
Given
situation,
FDA
believes
whole
genome
may
suitable
option
genotyping
claims.
capability
both
"sequencing
tests"
who
seek
Emergency
Use
Authorization
claim
initiate
early
discussions
FDA.
By
recommendations,
contribute
effective
account
patient
care.
highlights
continuous
adaptation
vigilance
strategies.
evolves,
so
must
approaches.
Collaboration
between
researchers,
agencies,
healthcare
providers
paramount
stay
ahead
effectively
respond
presents.
embracing
innovative
solutions
maintaining
robust
system,
better
Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Oct. 9, 2023
Abstract
Despite
the
end
of
COVID-19
pandemic,
problem
vaccine
prevention
this
disease
appears
highly
relevant.
The
emergence
and
widespread
distribution
Omicron
SARS-CoV-2
variant
concern
(VOC)
its
sublineages
has
dramatically
reduced
efficacy
vaccination
with
licensed
vaccines.
possible
approach
to
solving
is
develop
a
nasal
live
attenuated
(LAV)
capable
activating
humoral,
mucosal,
cell-mediated
immunity,
providing
prolonged
immune
response
cross-protection
against
different
VOCs.
aim
present
study
was
determine
immunization
cold-adapted
Wuhan-like
D-D2
strain
homologous
heterologous
challenges.
Single
intranasal
golden
Syrian
hamsters
showed
high
immunogenicity:
seroconversion
evident
in
all
immunized
animals.
absence
infectious
virus
lung,
passages,
brains
animals
allows
us
characterize
immunity
as
"sterile"
consistent
viral
RNA
concentration
organs
on
fourth-day
post-challenge.
Comparison
data
reproduction
organs,
weight
dynamics,
morphological
changes
lungs
unimmunized
that
provides
effective
protection
infection
development
pneumonia
when
challenged
both
ancestral
Delta
(B.1.617.2.122)
(sublineages
BA.1
BA.5.2)
variants.
Thus,
variants
have
great
potential
for
vaccines
their
basis.
Journal of microbiology epidemiology immunobiology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
101(1), P. 36 - 51
Published: March 9, 2024
Introduction.
Despite
the
end
of
COVID-19
pandemic,
problem
vaccine
prevention
this
disease
appears
highly
relevant.
The
emergence
and
widespread
distribution
Omicron
SARS-CoV-2
variant
concern
(VOC)
its
sublineages
has
dramatically
reduced
efficacy
vaccination.
possible
approach
to
solving
is
develop
a
nasal
live
attenuated
capable
activating
humoral,
mucosal,
cell-mediated
immunity,
providing
prolonged
immune
response
cross-protection
against
different
VOCs.
aim
study
was
determine
immunization
with
cold-adapted
Wuhan-like
D-D2
strain
homologous
heterologous
challenges.
Materials
methods.
conducted
on
an
animal
model
coronavirus
pneumonia
in
golden
Syrian
hamsters.
assessed
by
comparing
dynamics
weight,
viral
load
organs
histopathological
changes
lungs
immunized
unimmunized
animals.
Results.
Single
intranasal
hamsters
showed
high
immunogenicity:
seroconversion
evident
all
provides
effective
protection
development
productive
infection
when
challenged
both
ancestral
virus
strains
related
Delta
(AY.122)
(sublineages
BA.1.1
BA.5.2)
variants.
Conclusion.
attenuation
promising
strategy
for
vaccine.
Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Aug. 5, 2022
Abstract
For
viral
diseases,
vaccination
with
live
attenuated
vaccine
(LAV)
is
one
of
the
most
effective
means
for
fighting
diseases.
However,
LAVs
are
easy
to
spill
from
vaccinated
individuals
and
circulate
in
population
unforeseen
consequences.
Currently,
SARS-CoV-2
undergoing
clinical
trials.
In
this
study,
we
found
that
recombinant
viruses
isolated
Indian
SARS
CoV-2
infected
persons
may
be
candidate
LAV-derived
strains,
indicating
risk
LAV
spillover
persons,
increasing
complexity
detection.
addition,
property
recombination
increases
chance
virulence
reversion.
Therefore,
how
distinguish
wild
strain
avoid
circulating
challenges
currently
faced
by
development.