State of the Globe: Navigating the Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Mutations on COVID-19 Testing

Journal of Global Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 41 - 42

Published: April 1, 2023

The SARS-CoV-2 virus has been a persistent challenger from 2019 causing the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. occurrence of numerous mutations over passage time leads to emergence new variants. These variants have posed significant challenges our efforts control spread disease. One particular area where their impact felt is in testing. In this editorial, we would try explore consequences on testing and discuss strategies address these challenges. As viruses replicate, they naturally accumulate genetic material. no exception, it undergone several mutations. Some most well-known include Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta variants, each with its unique set mutations.[1] shown increased transmissibility, altered disease severity, and, some cases, reduced susceptibility certain therapeutics. introduced worldwide. Diagnostic tests, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) antigen rely detecting specific sequences or viral proteins associated virus.[2] Mutations regions can potentially affect accuracy sensitivity tests. First, lead false-negative false-positive results. A result could occur if mutation alters primer binding sites PCR test, leading decreased missed detection. Conversely, results might arise cross-reactivity non-SARS-CoV-2 other respiratory pathogens. Second, transmissibility higher loads infected individuals. This heightened load timing test positivity, earlier detection shorter incubation periods. It necessitates careful consideration optimal window for accurate diagnosis. To combat by mutations, need be implemented:[3] Genetic surveillance: Increased genomic surveillance crucial tracking involves sequencing genomes positive samples identify potential public health measures Test optimization: Continuous evaluation adjustment protocols are necessary ensure effectiveness against includes regular assessment probe used well development tests targeting different Diversification approaches: Employing multiple methods, combining enhance compensate limitations Serological also provide valuable information about past infections immune responses Vaccine monitoring: Ongoing vaccine efficacy emerging crucial. Monitoring breakthrough among vaccinated individuals help booster doses modifications existing vaccines. Food Drug Administration (FDA) provides following recommendations developers regarding performance diagnostic tests:[4] Developers advised design manner that minimizes influence Regular monitoring should clearly communicated test's labelling. designed target detect known likely become outdated rapidly due virus. Given situation, FDA believes whole genome may suitable option genotyping claims. capability both "sequencing tests" who seek Emergency Use Authorization claim initiate early discussions FDA. By recommendations, contribute effective account patient care. highlights continuous adaptation vigilance strategies. evolves, so must approaches. Collaboration between researchers, agencies, healthcare providers paramount stay ahead effectively respond presents. embracing innovative solutions maintaining robust system, better

Language: Английский

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Single intranasal immunization with attenuated Wuhan-like SARS-CoV-2 provides highly effective cross-protection against Delta and Omicron VOCs

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 9, 2023

Abstract Despite the end of COVID-19 pandemic, problem vaccine prevention this disease appears highly relevant. The emergence and widespread distribution Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant concern (VOC) its sublineages has dramatically reduced efficacy vaccination with licensed vaccines. possible approach to solving is develop a nasal live attenuated (LAV) capable activating humoral, mucosal, cell-mediated immunity, providing prolonged immune response cross-protection against different VOCs. aim present study was determine immunization cold-adapted Wuhan-like D-D2 strain homologous heterologous challenges. Single intranasal golden Syrian hamsters showed high immunogenicity: seroconversion evident in all immunized animals. absence infectious virus lung, passages, brains animals allows us characterize immunity as "sterile" consistent viral RNA concentration organs on fourth-day post-challenge. Comparison data reproduction organs, weight dynamics, morphological changes lungs unimmunized that provides effective protection infection development pneumonia when challenged both ancestral Delta (B.1.617.2.122) (sublineages BA.1 BA.5.2) variants. Thus, variants have great potential for vaccines their basis.

Language: Английский

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Single intranasal immunization with attenuated Wuhan-like SARS-CoV-2 provides highly effective cross-protection against Delta and Omicron variants of concern

Journal of microbiology epidemiology immunobiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 101(1), P. 36 - 51

Published: March 9, 2024

Introduction. Despite the end of COVID-19 pandemic, problem vaccine prevention this disease appears highly relevant. The emergence and widespread distribution Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant concern (VOC) its sublineages has dramatically reduced efficacy vaccination. possible approach to solving is develop a nasal live attenuated capable activating humoral, mucosal, cell-mediated immunity, providing prolonged immune response cross-protection against different VOCs. aim study was determine immunization with cold-adapted Wuhan-like D-D2 strain homologous heterologous challenges. Materials methods. conducted on an animal model coronavirus pneumonia in golden Syrian hamsters. assessed by comparing dynamics weight, viral load organs histopathological changes lungs immunized unimmunized animals. Results. Single intranasal hamsters showed high immunogenicity: seroconversion evident all provides effective protection development productive infection when challenged both ancestral virus strains related Delta (AY.122) (sublineages BA.1.1 BA.5.2) variants. Conclusion. attenuation promising strategy for vaccine.

Language: Английский

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Discovery of vaccine-like recombinant SARS-CoV-2 circulating in human

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 5, 2022

Abstract For viral diseases, vaccination with live attenuated vaccine (LAV) is one of the most effective means for fighting diseases. However, LAVs are easy to spill from vaccinated individuals and circulate in population unforeseen consequences. Currently, SARS-CoV-2 undergoing clinical trials. In this study, we found that recombinant viruses isolated Indian SARS CoV-2 infected persons may be candidate LAV-derived strains, indicating risk LAV spillover persons, increasing complexity detection. addition, property recombination increases chance virulence reversion. Therefore, how distinguish wild strain avoid circulating challenges currently faced by development.

Language: Английский

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