Gut virome in inflammatory bowel disease and beyond

Gut, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 73(2), P. 350 - 360

Published: Nov. 10, 2023

The gut virome is a dense community of viruses inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract and an integral part microbiota. coexists with other components microbiota host in dynamic equilibrium, serving as key contributor to maintenance intestinal homeostasis functions. However, this equilibrium can be interrupted certain pathological states, including inflammatory bowel disease, causing dysbiosis that may participate disease pathogenesis. Nevertheless, whether causal or bystander event requires further clarification.

Language: Английский

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Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Comprehensive Analysis of Molecular Bases, Predictive Biomarkers, Diagnostic Methods, and Therapeutic Options

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(13), P. 7062 - 7062

Published: June 27, 2024

In inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), such as Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), the immune system relentlessly attacks intestinal cells, causing recurrent tissue damage over lifetime of patients. The etiology IBD is complex multifactorial, involving environmental, microbiota, genetic, immunological factors that alter molecular basis organism. Among these, microbiota cells play pivotal roles; generates antigens recognized by antibodies, while autoantibodies target attack membrane, exacerbating inflammation damage. Given altered framework, analysis multiple biomarkers in patients proves exceedingly valuable for diagnosing prognosing IBD, including markers like C reactive protein fecal calprotectin. Upon detection classification patients, specific treatments are administered, ranging from conventional drugs to new biological therapies, antibodies neutralize molecules tumor necrosis factor (TNF) integrin. This review delves into targets, biomarkers, treatment options, monitoring techniques, and, ultimately, current challenges management.

Language: Английский

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Overcoming donor variability and risks associated with fecal microbiota transplants through bacteriophage-mediated treatments

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: July 1, 2024

Abstract Background Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and fecal virome (FVT, sterile filtrated donor feces) have been effective in treating recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections, possibly through bacteriophage-mediated modulation of the gut microbiome. However, challenges like variability, costly screening, coupled with concerns over pathogen transfer (incl. eukaryotic viruses) FMT or FVT hinder their wider clinical application less acute diseases. Methods To overcome these challenges, we developed methods to broaden FVT’s while maintaining efficacy increasing safety. Specifically, employed following approaches: (1) chemostat-fermentation reproduce bacteriophage component remove viruses (FVT-ChP), (2) solvent-detergent treatment inactivate enveloped (FVT-SDT), (3) pyronin-Y inhibit RNA virus replication (FVT-PyT). We assessed processed FVTs a C. infection mouse model compared them untreated (FVT-UnT), FMT, saline. Results FVT-SDT, FVT-UnT, FVT-ChP reduced incidence mice reaching humane endpoint (0/8, 2/7, 3/8, respectively) FVT-PyT, saline (5/8, 7/8, 5/7, significantly load colonizing cells associated toxin A/B levels. There was potential elimination colonization, seven out eight treated FVT-SDT testing negative qPCR. In contrast, all other treatments exhibited continued presence . Moreover, results were supported by changes microbiome profiles, cecal cytokine levels, histopathological findings. Assessment viral engraftment FMT/FVT host-phage correlations analysis suggested that phages likely an important contributing factor efficacy. Conclusions This proof-of-concept study shows specific modifications hold promise addressing related variability risks. Two strategies lead limiting colonization mice, solvent/detergent chemostat propagation emerging as promising approaches.

Language: Английский

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From ASCA breakthrough in Crohn's disease and Candida albicans research to thirty years of investigations about their meaning in human health

Autoimmunity Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(2), P. 103486 - 103486

Published: Nov. 30, 2023

Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) are human that can be detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay involving a mannose polymer (mannan) extracted from the cell wall of yeast S. cerevisiae. The ASCA test was developed in 1993 with aim differentiating serological response two forms inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn's and ulcerative colitis. test, which is based on detection anti-oligomannosidic antibodies, has been extensively performed worldwide there have hundreds publications ASCA. earlier studies concerned initial diagnostic indications investigations then extended to many diseases, generally association intestinal microorganisms interaction micro-mycobiome immune system. more information accumulates, mystery meaning deepens. Many fundamental questions remain unanswered. These concern heterogeneity ASCA, mechanisms their generation persistence, existence self-antigens, relationship between inflammation autoimmunity. This review aims discuss gray areas concerning origin analysis literature. Structured around glycobiology mannosylated antigens Candida albicans, this will address these try clarify some lines thought. importance relating pathophysiological significance goes far beyond IBD, even though diseases preferred models for understanding.

Language: Английский

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Community Types of the Human Gut Virome are Associated with Endoscopic Outcome in Ulcerative Colitis

Journal of Crohn s and Colitis, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(9), P. 1504 - 1513

Published: April 13, 2023

Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is a major debilitating disease. Recently, the gut microbiota has gained attention as an important factor involved in pathophysiology of IBD. As complement to established bacterial 'enterotypes' associated with IBD, we focused here on viruses. We investigated intestinal virome IBD patients undergoing biological therapy for presence configurations and uncover how those are therapeutic success.

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiome as a Target of Intervention in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathogenesis and Therapy

Immuno, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(4), P. 400 - 425

Published: Oct. 21, 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic complicated inflammatory gut pathological disorder and categorized into ulcerative colitis (UC) Crohn’s (CD). Although the cause of IBD unclear, dysbiosis microbiota thought to be key factor in disease’s progression. The microbiome serves as metabolic organ promotes wellness by carrying out several biological activities. Any modification makeup leads conditions, including IBD. In this review, we emphasize processes that control host–microbiome interaction its impact on host health. We also discuss association between (bacteriome, virome, mycobiome) progression Finally, will highlight microbiome-based therapy novel promising strategy treat manage

Language: Английский

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A systematic review on the role of gut microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease: Spotlight on virome and plant metabolites

Microbial Pathogenesis, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 107608 - 107608

Published: April 1, 2025

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, arise from various factors such as dietary, genetic, immunological, microbiological influences. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development treatment of IBD, though exact mechanisms remain uncertain. Current research has yet to definitively establish beneficial effects microbiome on IBD. Bacteria viruses (both prokaryotic eukaryotic) are key components uniquely related Numerous studies suggest that dysbiosis microbiota, bacteria, viruses, bacteriophages, contributes IBD pathogenesis. Conversely, some indicates bacteria bacteriophages may positively impact outcomes. Additionally, plant metabolites play alleviating due their anti-inflammatory microbiome-modulating properties. This systematic review discusses patients evaluates potential connection between context pathophysiology.

Language: Английский

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Development of systemic and mucosal immune responses against gut microbiota in early life and implications for the onset of allergies

Frontiers in Allergy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: July 17, 2024

The early microbial colonization of human mucosal surfaces is essential for the development host immune system. Already during pregnancy, unborn child prepared postnatal influx commensals and pathogens via maternal antibodies, after birth this protection continued with antibodies in breast milk. During critical window time, which extends from pregnancy to first year life, each encounter a microorganism can influence children's response have lifelong impact on their life. For example, there are numerous links between allergies an altered gut microbiome. However, exact mechanisms behind influences, also extending how viruses host-microbe interactions, incompletely understood. In review, we address infants’ encounters, system develops interact microbiota, summarize could be implied allergies.

Language: Английский

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Investigation of Epstein–Barr virus, Cytomegalovirus, Human herpesvirus 6, and Polyoma viruses (JC virus, BK virus) among Gastric cancer patients: A cross sectional study

Health Science Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(4)

Published: April 1, 2024

Abstract Background and Aims Gastric cancer is a significant global issue with high death rate. This malignancy could be associated several viral agents such as EBV, CMV, HHV‐6, JCV, BKV. Objective Evaluation of HHV‐6 ,and BKV frequency among gastric patients. Methods In this cross‐sectional study, total number 60 specimens (32 male, 28 female) were retrieved from the pathology lab. Formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue was used for molecular testing. DNA extracted samples, according to protocol, PCR reaction. Polymerase chain reactions assess frequency. Results Conclusion The mean age participants 61 years 53.3% (32) Male. A 5 samples (8.34%) infected agents. Four male EBV (6.67%) only one female sample contained genome (1.67%). Totally 8.34% JCV not detected in samples. conclusion, presence two including respectively, other viruses detected.

Language: Английский

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The role of bacteriophages in shaping bacterial composition and diversity in the human gut

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Sept. 19, 2023

The microbiota of the gut has continued to co-evolve alongside their human hosts conferring considerable health benefits including production nutrients, drug metabolism, modulation immune system, and playing an antagonistic role against pathogen invasion gastrointestinal tract (GIT). is said provide a habitat for diverse groups microorganisms where they all co-habit interact with one another system humans. Phages are bacterial parasites that require host metabolic replicate via lytic or lysogenic cycle. phage populations regarded as most dominant in ecosystem. As such, among various microbial interactions, phage-bacteria although complex, have been demonstrated over time using different mechanisms such predation, conversion, induction, counterdefense by population. With help models dynamics complexity behind survival ecosystem was demystified, roles maintaining homeostasis promoting overall humans were elucidated. Although treatment infections be successful multidrug-resistant causative agents, concerns about this technique still very much alive researchers owing potential phages evolve. Since dearth knowledge exists regarding use therapeutic purposes, more studies involving experimental clinical trials needed widen understanding bacteria-phage interactions association immunological responses

Language: Английский

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