Pandemic preparedness through genomic surveillance: Overview of mutations in SARS-CoV-2 over the course of COVID-19 outbreak DOI Open Access
Fares Z. Najar, Chelsea L. Murphy, Evan Linde

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 14, 2023

ABSTRACT Genomic surveillance is a vital strategy for preparedness against the spread of infectious diseases and to aid in development new treatments. In an unprecedented effort, millions samples from COVID-19 patients have been sequenced worldwide SARS-CoV-2. Using more than 8 million sequences that are currently available GenBank’s SARS-CoV-2 database, we report comprehensive overview mutations all 26 proteins open reading frames (ORFs) virus. The results indicate spike protein, NSP6, nucleocapsid envelope protein ORF7b shown highest mutational propensities so far (in order). particular, has rapid acceleration post-vaccination period. Monitoring rate non-synonymous (K ) provides fairly reliable signal genomic surveillance, successfully predicting surges 2022. Further, external (spike, membrane, envelope, proteins) show significant number compared NSPs. Interestingly, these four showed changes K typically 2 4 weeks before increase human infections (“surges”). Therefore, our analysis real time SARS-CoV-2, accessible through project website http://pandemics.okstate.edu/covid19/ . Based on ongoing mutation trends virus, predictions what likely mutate next also made possible by approach. proposed framework general thus applicable other pathogens. approach fully automated needed address fast-moving pandemic such as COVID-19.

Language: Английский

The role of SARS-CoV-2 N protein in diagnosis and vaccination in the context of emerging variants: present status and prospects DOI Creative Commons

Wanchen Song,

Zhongbiao Fang, Feike Ma

et al.

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Aug. 14, 2023

Despite many countries rapidly revising their strategies to prevent contagions, the number of people infected with Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues surge. The emergent variants that can evade immune response significantly affect effectiveness mainstream vaccines and diagnostic products based on original spike protein. Therefore, it is essential focus highly conserved nature nucleocapsid protein as a potential target in field diagnostics. In this regard, our review initially discusses structure, function, mechanism action N Based discussion, we summarize relevant research in-depth development application methods protein, such serology nucleic acid detection. Such valuable information aid designing more efficient vaccine tools could help end SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Language: Английский

Citations

18
Revisiting the dimensions of universal vaccine with special focus on COVID-19: Efficacy versus methods of designing DOI

Puja Jaishwal,

Kisalay Jha,

Satarudra Prakash Singh

et al.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 277, P. 134012 - 134012

Published: July 22, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Nucleoprotein as a Promising Antigen for Broadly Protective Influenza Vaccines DOI Creative Commons
Alexandra Rak, Irina Isakova–Sivak, Larisa Rudenko

et al.

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(12), P. 1747 - 1747

Published: Nov. 23, 2023

Annual vaccination is considered as the main preventive strategy against seasonal influenza. Due to highly variable nature of major viral antigens, such hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), influenza vaccine strains should be regularly updated antigenically match circulating viruses. The virus nucleoprotein (NP) much more conserved than HA NA, thus seems a promising target for design improved vaccines with broad cross-reactivity diverse Traditional subunit or recombinant protein do not contain NP antigen, whereas live-attenuated (LAIVs) express within infected cells, inducing strong NP-specific antibodies T-cell responses. Many strategies have been explored broadly protective NP-based vaccines, mostly targeted at mode immunity. Although conserved, it still undergoes slow evolutionary changes due selective immune pressure, meaning that particular antigen selected may significant impact on overall immunogenicity efficacy candidate. In this review, we summarize existing data conservation A review results preclinical clinical trials NP-targeting prototypes, focusing ability responses protect

Language: Английский

Citations

10
Overview of Nucleocapsid-Targeting Vaccines against COVID-19 DOI Creative Commons
Alexandra Rak,

Irina Isakova-Sivak,

Larisa Rudenko

et al.

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(12), P. 1810 - 1810

Published: Dec. 3, 2023

The new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which emerged in late 2019, is a highly variable causative agent of COVID-19, contagious respiratory disease with potentially severe complications. Vaccination considered the most effective measure to prevent spread and complications this infection. Spike (S) protein-based vaccines were very successful preventing COVID-19 caused by ancestral strain; however, their efficacy was significantly reduced when coronavirus variants antigenically different from original strain circulation. This due high variability major viral antigen escape immunity infection or vaccination spike-targeting vaccines. nucleocapsid protein (N) much more conserved than spike has therefore attracted attention scientists as promising target for broad-spectrum vaccine development. Here, we summarized current data on various N-based that have been tested animal challenge models clinical trials. Despite conservatism N protein, mutations gradually occurring sequence can affect its protective properties. During three years pandemic, at least 12 arisen sequence, affecting 40 known immunogenic T-cell epitopes, so antigenicity recent may be altered. fact should taken into account limitation development cross-reactive based N-protein.

Language: Английский

Citations

10
Recall vaccination increases detectable B-cell reactivity in persons with multiple sclerosis treated with ocrelizumab DOI

Lucia Moiola,

Alessandra Mandelli, Maciej Tarkowski

et al.

Journal of Neurology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 272(4)

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
A novel immunofluorescent test system for SARS-CoV-2 detection in infected cells DOI Creative Commons
Alexandra Rak, Victoria Matyushenko, Polina Prokopenko

et al.

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(5), P. e0304534 - e0304534

Published: May 31, 2024

Highly variable pandemic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which causes the hazardous COVID-19 infection, has been persistent in human population since late 2019. A prompt assessment of individual and herd immunity against infection can be accomplished by using rapid tests to determine antiviral antibody levels. The microneutralization assay (MN) is one most widely used diagnostic methods that proposed assess qualitative quantitative characteristics virus-specific humoral convalescents or vaccine recipients. However, some aspects assay, such as sensitivity time cost, need improvement. Here, we developed an express test, may potentially clinical practice for serum-caused SARS-CoV-2 inhibition infected cell cultures. It implies detection counting coronaviral fluorescent-forming units (FFU) includes two sequentially developing components: biotinylated mouse monoclonal antibodies recombinant N protein (B.1) EGFP-streptavidin fusion protein. Due universal specificity antibodies, our analytical tool suitable various strains when determining both infectious titer viruses serum virus-neutralizing antibodies. two-component test system characterized high sensitivity, a reduced number analytic stages low well flexibility, it modified other pathogens appropriate

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Safety and Immunogenicity Study of a Bivalent Vaccine for Combined Prophylaxis of COVID-19 and Influenza in Non-Human Primates DOI Creative Commons
Ekaterina Stepanova,

Irina Isakova-Sivak,

Victoria Matyushenko

et al.

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(10), P. 1099 - 1099

Published: Sept. 26, 2024

Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 viruses are two highly variable pathogens. We have developed a candidate bivalent live vaccine based on the strain of licensed A/Leningrad/17-based cold-adapted attenuated influenza (LAIV) H3N2 subtype, which expressed immunogenic T-cell epitopes. A cassette encoding fragments S N proteins was inserted into NA gene using P2A autocleavage site. In this study, we present results preclinical evaluation in non-human primate model.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Co-administration of recombinant BCG and SARS-CoV-2 proteins leads to robust antiviral immunity DOI
Mario A. Ramírez, Ricardo A. Loaiza,

Yohana Martínez-Balboa

et al.

Vaccine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 42(23), P. 126203 - 126203

Published: Aug. 22, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Comparison of a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA booster immunization containing additional antigens to a spike-based mRNA vaccine against Omicron BA.5 infection in hACE2 mice DOI Creative Commons
Jacklyn R. Hurst,

Maedeh Naghibosadat,

Patrick Budowski

et al.

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(12), P. e0314061 - e0314061

Published: Dec. 3, 2024

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants presents challenges to vaccine effectiveness, underlining the necessity for next-generation vaccines with multiple antigens beyond spike protein. Here, we investigated a multiantigenic booster containing and chimeric construct composed nucleoprotein (N) membrane (M) proteins, comparing its efficacy spike-only against Omicron BA.5 in K18-hACE2 mice. Initially, mice were primed boosted Beta (B.1.351) mRNA, showing strong spike-specific T cell responses neutralizing antibodies, albeit limited cross-neutralization variants. Subsequently, spike-NM was then examined as second dose protection hACE2-transgenic Mice receiving either homologous or heterologous had nearly complete inhibition infectious virus shedding oral swabs reduced viral burdens both lung nasal tissues following challenge. Examination pathology further revealed that boosters provided comparable inflammatory infiltrates fibrosis. Moreover, demonstrated neutralization pseudovirus assay Wuhan-Hu-1, Beta, akin booster. These findings indicate supplementing additional targets immunization confers equivalent immunity BA.5. This work highlights promising strategy individuals previously vaccinated vaccines, potentially offering enhanced emerging coronaviruses.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Molecular evolutionary analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 through the mutation analysis of Spike, Envelope and RdRp proteins DOI Creative Commons
Dženita Omerkić Dautović,

Amra Džuho,

Adna Ašić

et al.

Genetics & Applications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: June 18, 2024

COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared in 2020 World Health Organization. New mutations have been identified, leading to various variants of this virus, including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron, which are classified as concern (VOCs) raised considerable concerns for global public health. Such constant spread changes genome virus require continuous monitoring. This research focuses on evolution SARS-CoV-2 through a detailed presentation viral genome, protein structure interpretation, with phylogenetic characteristics patterns. We obtained sequence data from European region focusing S, E, RdRp proteins publicly available NCBI database. next used MEGA11 package generate multiple alignments create trees. The SWISS-MODEL server connected Protein Data Bank tertiary images all presented paper. Stability studies were performed via MUpro online tool. results indicate substantial impact Omicron variant relative others, particularly concerning alterations observed spike (S) protein, is crucial infection process.

Language: Английский

Citations

0