Heliyon,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
9(10), P. e20739 - e20739
Published: Oct. 1, 2023
The
relationship
between
the
viral
kinetics
of
SARS-CoV-2
and
clinical
outcomes
remains
unclear.A
convenience
sample
955
remnant
nasopharyngeal
swabs
collected
during
routine
care
11/18/20
9/26/21
were
analyzed
using
digital
PCR
associated
data
extracted
from
medical
record.
18
individuals
had
>1
within
30
days
onset
symptoms.Paired
samples
an
average
6
[range:
0-13]
apart.
Four
sampled
twice
on
same
day
a
median
0.52
log10
load
difference
samples.
Of
remaining,
12
decrease
in
over
time,
with
decay
-0.23
log10/day.Our
study
found
similar
rate
to
others,
but
did
not
find
associations
outcomes.
Larger
studies
would
be
useful
support
use
this
measurement
as
surrogate
endpoint
for
therapeutic
studies.
Viral Immunology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
36(8), P. 550 - 561
Published: Aug. 21, 2023
Current
evidence
shows
higher
production
of
cytokines
and
antibodies
against
severe
acute
respiratory
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
in
critical
cases
Coronavirus
Disease
2019
(COVID-19)
comparison
with
patients
moderate
or
mild
disease.
A
recent
hypothesis
proposes
an
important
role
genotoxicity
cytotoxicity
the
induction
cytokine
storm
observed
some
at
later
stages
Interestingly,
this
study,
we
report
significantly
levels
interleukin
(IL)-1β,
IL-6,
MCP-1,
IL-4
COVID-19
versus
cases,
as
well
a
high
frequency
karyorrhexis
(median
[Me]
=
364
vs.
20
cells)
karyolysis
(Me
266
52
mucosal
epithelial
cells
both
groups
compared
uninfected
individuals.
Although
anti-SARS-CoV-2
IgM
IgG
patients,
were
only
for
N
S
viral
antigens.
High
cases.
Our
results
showed
elevated
concentrations
proinflammatory
anti-inflammatory
which
may
reflect
active
innate
immune
response
could
be
related
to
antibody
found
those
patients.
In
addition,
that
SARS-CoV-2
infection
induces
cytotoxic
damage
oral
mucosa,
highlighting
importance
studying
genotoxic
events
induced
by
its
pathophysiology
COVID-19.
Microorganisms,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(11), P. 2709 - 2709
Published: Nov. 5, 2023
Given
the
ongoing
pandemic,
there
is
a
need
to
identify
SARS-CoV-2
and
differentiate
it
from
other
respiratory
viral
infections
in
various
critical
settings.
Since
its
introduction,
rapid
antigen
testing
spreading
worldwide,
but
diagnostic
accuracy
extremely
variable
often
disagreement
with
manufacturer's
specifications.
Our
study
compared
clinical
performances
of
two
microfluidic
tests
towards
molecular
assay,
starting
positive
samples.
A
total
151
swabs
collected
at
Microbiology
Virology
Laboratory
A.O.
"SS
Antonio
e
Biagio
C.
Arrigo"
(Alessandria,
Italy)
for
diagnosis
were
simultaneously
tested
evaluate
accuracy,
specificity,
agreement
RT-qPCR
results.
Both
assays
showed
an
overall
100%
negative
specimens,
while
comprised
between
45.10%
54.90%.
According
instructions,
greatest
correlation
antigenic
was
observed
subset
high
load
(18/19,
94.74%),
dramatically
decreased
subsets.
Moreover,
ability
Flu
provides
added
value
could
be
addressed
epidemic
context.
However,
in-house
validation
should
performed
due
differences
performance
declared
by
manufacturers
those
actually
obtained.
Journal of Medical Virology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
96(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Abstract
The
cycle‐threshold‐value
(C
T
‐value)
is
a
quantitative
value
of
the
polymerase
chain
reaction
(PCR),
which
represents
gold
standard
for
detection
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS
CoV
2).
C
‐value
can
be
used
to
indicate
viral
load
in
swabs
airways.
collection
specimen
only
part
testing
process,
performed
manually
and
carries,
therefore,
high
potential
increasing
measurement
variability.
comparison
different
PCR
results
often
difficult
since
exact
swabbing
technique
each
test
how
do
relate
direct
unknown.
For
these
reasons,
infection
course
patient
hard
infer
even
after
multiple
swabs.
As
Omicron
variant
spread
from
06/2022
08/2022,
all
common
modalities
upper
airway
(nasopharyngeal,
oropharyngeal,
combined
naso‐oropharyngeal,
nasal
orifice
as
well
buccal
mucosa
),
were
on
patients
with
suspected
SARS
2.
RT‐PCR
was
RNA
sample
based
‐values
obtained.
Viral
loads
vary
significantly
depending
swab
sites
maximum
clinical
sensitivity,
naso‐oropharyngeal
should
considered.
In
case
single
point
norm,
nasopharyngeal
deliver
highest
at
presumed
beginning
infection.
Furthermore,
findings
this
study
valuable
correctly
interpret
sampling
techniques.
Viruses,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(3), P. 356 - 356
Published: Feb. 25, 2024
A
previously
unknown
coronavirus,
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2),
was
isolated
in
Wuhan,
China
December
2019,
from
a
patient
with
disease
linked
to
potential
contact
wild
animals
[...]
The Laryngoscope,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
135(2), P. 517 - 528
Published: Sept. 13, 2024
Objective
Nasal
irrigation
is
a
common
treatment
for
sinonasal
disorders;
however,
it
unknown
if
can
reduce
SARS‐CoV‐2
nasopharyngeal
viral
load
(NVL).
This
systematic
review
investigated
the
efficacy
of
nasal
with
saline,
povidone
iodine
(PVP‐I),
and
intranasal
corticosteroids
(INCS)
at
reducing
NVL
transmissibility.
Data
Sources
Databases
including
Embase,
MEDLINE,
Web
Science,
ClinicalTrials.gov.
Review
Methods
A
was
completed
pre‐defined
search
criteria
using
keywords
related
to
COVID‐19
from
1946
through
January
2024.
followed
PRISMA
reporting
guidelines
registered
on
PROSPERO.
Only
in‐vivo
studies
testing
either
PVP‐I,
or
INCS
were
included.
Results
Nine
out
ten
saline‐based
solutions
reported
positive
effects
in
NVL,
benefits
noted
earlier
time
negative
PCR
greater
decline
during
early
study
points,
compared
controls.
Isotonic
hypertonic
saline
mediums
found
be
effective
three
demonstrating
enhanced
additives.
Four
seven
PVP‐I
showed
effect
but
results
heterogenous.
demonstrated
reduction
transmission
PVP‐I.
No
INCS.
Conclusion
Saline
best
NVL.
Additives
may
have
clinical
benefit,
further
are
needed
elucidate
their
isolated
impacts
inconclusive
warranted
determine
ideal
concentration
irrigation.
Laryngoscope
,
135:517–528,
2025
Microbiology Spectrum,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(11)
Published: Oct. 9, 2024
ABSTRACT
Evaluating
SARS-CoV-2
viral
loads
in
nasopharyngeal
(NP)
and
saliva
samples,
factors
affecting
loads,
the
performance
of
rapid
antigen
testing
(RAT)
have
not
been
comprehensively
conducted
during
Omicron
epidemic.
This
prospective
study
included
outpatients
enrolled
variant
period
Japan.
Paired
NP
swab
samples
were
collected
to
measure
by
reverse
transcription-quantitative
polymerase
chain
reaction
(RT-qPCR).
The
correlation
between
clinical
symptoms
was
examined.
an
immunochromatography-based
RAT
kit
also
assessed.
A
total
153
patients
tested
within
3
days
symptom
onset
included.
mean
load
5.60
log
10
copies/test
3.65
respectively,
resulting
a
significant
difference
(
P
<
0.0001).
Fever
over
37°C
(axillary
temperature)
number
other
than
fever
identified
as
independent
positively
correlated
with
both
samples.
sensitivity
using
92%
68%,
positive
RT-qPCR
results
reference.
significantly
higher
≥37°C
and/or
at
least
one
those
<37°C
no
(97%
vs
83%
swabs;
80%
50%
saliva).
Distinct
symptoms,
including
≥37°C,
may
reflect
high
loads.
Rapid
testing,
only
swabs
but
saliva,
would
be
useful
for
COVID-19
diagnosis
point-of-care
particularly
symptomatic
patients.
IMPORTANCE
We
examined
salivary
from
infection
epidemic
Japan
explored
outpatient
In
addition,
we
evaluated
authorized
RT-PCR
Intriguingly,
observed
based
on
visit.
influenced
Nevertheless,
is
considered
diagnosis.
distinct
high-grade
fever,
could
practical
diagnostic
tool
because
estimated
After
epidemic,
mild
become
main
focus
treatment.
Our
provides
valuable
information
regarding
these
