bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Nov. 10, 2022
The
worldwide
expansion
of
mosquito-borne
pathogens
necessitates
improved
control
measures,
including
approaches
to
reduce
transmission
by
mosquito
vectors.
Reducing
is
challenging
because
determinants
vector
competence
for
viruses
like
Zika
(ZIKV)
are
poorly
understood.
Our
previous
work
established
that
Aedes
(Ae.)
aegypti
larvae
reared
in
environmental
water
containing
microbes
less
susceptible
ZIKV
as
adults
compared
cohorts
laboratory
tap
with
fewer
microbial
species
and
lower
abundance.
Here,
we
identify
a
process
which
environment-derived
susceptibility
Ae.
ZIKV.
Provided
the
midgut
represents
first
barrier
infection,
hypothesized
exposure
modulates
infection
Since
mosquitoes
live
pupae
then
transition
air
adults,
also
define
stage
life
when
reduces
susceptibility.
were
treated
antibiotics
during
pupal
adult
stages,
only,
or
provided
no
at
any
stage.
Vector
was
next
evaluated
ingested
ZIKV-spiked
bloodmeals.
Antibiotic
reduced
microbiota
showed
enhanced
rates
both
adults.
treatment
disrupt
resulted
increased
epithelium
permeability,
higher
numbers
ZIKV-infected
cells,
impaired
bloodmeal
digestion.
Parallel
experiments
antibiotic-treated
gnotobiotic
dysbiotic
state
created
antibiotic
use
does
not
influence
permeability
more
than
bacterial
responsible
reducing
competence.
disrupted
via
bloodmeals
expression
genes
associated
digestion
metabolism
relative
whose
antibiotics.
Together,
these
data
show
throughout
restricts
facilitating
blood
cell
infection.
Understanding
connections
between
microbiota,
physiology,
arbovirus
can
lead
novel
decrease
will
improve
understanding
habitats
microbes.
Author
Summary
Mosquito-transmitted
continue
threaten
human
health.
Absent
vaccines
treatments,
controlling
limiting
their
ability
transmit
primary
way
prevent
viral
diseases.
role
play
shaping
virus
has
been
limited
association-based
studies.
prior
develop
bacteria
bacteria.
Here
explains
this
association.
aquatic
terrestrial
need
be
present
We
used
water-derived
only
stages
observed
disruption
increases
impairs
These
findings
advance
microbiota-mosquito-virus
interactions
further
implicate
means
restrict
mosquitoes.
PLoS neglected tropical diseases,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
18(9), P. e0012482 - e0012482
Published: Sept. 10, 2024
Background
Climate
change
and
urbanization
will
alter
the
global
distribution
of
disease
vectors,
changing
burden
in
yet
unpredictable
ways.
Aedes
aegypti
is
a
mosquito
responsible
for
transmitting
dengue,
Zika,
chikungunya,
yellow
fever
viruses
that
breeds
containers
associated
with
urban
environments.
We
sought
to
understand
how
ambient
temperature
larval
densities
immature
aquatic
phases
determine
adult
life
history
traits
dengue
virus
loads
post-infection.
predicted
crowding
high
temperatures
would
both
lead
smaller
mosquitoes
might
struggle
invest
an
immune
response
and,
hence,
exhibit
viral
loads.
Methods
first
examined
from
rural
areas
via
meta-analysis.
then
used
these
data
inform
laboratory-based
2x2
design
examining
interacting
effects
(21
vs.
26°C)
density
(0.2
0.4
larvae/mL)
on
Results
found
had
~8-fold
increase
compared
more
sites.
In
lab,
we
impact
than
temperature.
Crowding
led
slower
development,
mosquitoes,
less
survival,
lower
fecundity,
higher
loads,
as
predicted.
The
faster
reduced
virus-reducing
effect
rearing
was,
however,
overwhelmed
by
when
factors
were
present.
Conclusions
These
reveal
complex
interactions
between
environmental
experienced
traits.
They
especially
highlight
importance
respect
Together,
suggest
environments
enhance
therefore,
possibly
transmission,
concerning
result
given
increasing
rates
globally.
The
present
study
assesses
the
metabolites
of
endophytic
fungal
isolates’
larvicidal
and
pupicidal
activity
on
Aedes
aegypti
mosquito
larvae.
isolates
were
confirmed
by
macroscopic,
microscopic,
PCR
using
a
universal
internal
transcribed
spacer
primer
for
molecular
identification
isolated
fungus
at
species
level.
was
first
tested
its
ability
to
produce
toxic
compounds
in
A.
aegpti
larvae
1-4th
instar.
secondary
evaluated
bioassays
different
test
concentrations
(100-500
µg/mL)
each
instar
determined
1st
4th
exposed
ethyl
acetate
extracts,
which
exhibited
lethal
that
killed
50%
(LC50
=
96.167,
131.370,
217.595,
143.864
µg/mL
90%
(LC90
395.16,
483.692,
882.545,
655.722
µg/mL).
After
120
h
exposure,
ovicidal
bioassay’s
mean
(%)
observed.
A
concentration-dependent
pattern
found
enzymatic
level
acetylcholinesterase
mycelial
metabolites.
Treating
500
mycelia,
produced
significant
histopathological
damage
highest
growth
inhibition
zones
observed
during
antibacterial
investigation
Alternaria
macrospora
against
E.
coli
(22
mm)
S.
aureus
(20
mm).
Also,
detected
mycelium
docking
studies
identify
their
binding
towards
FimH
tyrosyl-RNA
synthetase
protein.
with
further
in-vivo
zebrafish
model
evaluate
developmental
toxicity.
This
is
report
species.
findings
demonstrate
might
be
an
ideal,
cheap,
small,
environmentally
suitable
source
controlling
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Oct. 4, 2023
Abstract
Mosquitoes
transmit
medically
important
human
pathogens,
including
viruses
like
dengue
virus
and
parasites
such
as
Plasmodium
spp.,
the
causative
agent
of
malaria.
Mosquito
microbiomes
are
critically
for
ability
mosquitoes
to
disease-causing
agents.
However,
while
large
collections
bacterial
isolates
genomic
data
exist
vertebrate
microbiomes,
vast
majority
work
in
date
is
based
on
16S
rRNA
gene
amplicon
that
provides
limited
taxonomic
resolution
no
functional
information.
To
address
this
gap
facilitate
future
studies
using
experimental
microbiome
manipulations,
we
generated
a
Mos
quito-
A
ssociated
Isolate
C
ollection
(MosAIC)
consisting
392
with
extensive
metadata
high-quality
draft
genome
assemblies
publicly
available
use
by
scientific
community.
MosAIC
encompasses
142
species
spanning
29
families,
members
Enterobacteriaceae
comprising
40%
collection.
Phylogenomic
analysis
three
genera,
Enterobacter,
Serratia
,
Elizabethkingia
reveal
lineages
mosquito-associated
bacteria
isolated
from
different
mosquito
multiple
laboratories.
Investigation
into
species’
pangenomes
further
reveals
clusters
genes
specific
these
lineages,
which
interest
identify
functions
underlying
host
association.
Altogether,
describe
generation
physical
collection
isolates,
their
data,
analyses
selected
groups
context
closely
related
providing
unique,
highly
valuable
resource
investigate
factors
colonisation
adaptation
within
hosts.
Future
efforts
will
expand
include
broader
geographic
representation,
especially
individuals
collected
field
populations,
well
other
microbes,
fungi,
archaea,
protozoa.
Serangga,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 1, 2023
A
commercial
bacterial
product
of
Bacillus
thuringiensis
israelensis
(Bti);
Mosquito
BTI
from
USA
was
tested
for
its
efficacy
in
exterminating
the
local
populations
Aedes
albopictus
larvae.
Larval
surveys
were
carried
out
to
obtain
field
Ae.
various
land
use
namely
dengue-risk
and
dengue-free
housing
localities
as
well
agrarian
like
oil
palm
plantations,
rubber
estates
paddy
fields.
24-hour
larval
bioassay
using
performed
on
each
population.
Only
a
maximum
2.00%
mortality
observed
by
end
first
four
hours
exposure
while
25.00%
displayed
at
24
exposure.
Results
showed
potential
Bti
reducing
but
more
than
may
be
required
achieve
complete
mortalities
among
these
upon
Bti.
Some
limitations
this
study
also
discussed.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Nov. 10, 2022
The
worldwide
expansion
of
mosquito-borne
pathogens
necessitates
improved
control
measures,
including
approaches
to
reduce
transmission
by
mosquito
vectors.
Reducing
is
challenging
because
determinants
vector
competence
for
viruses
like
Zika
(ZIKV)
are
poorly
understood.
Our
previous
work
established
that
Aedes
(Ae.)
aegypti
larvae
reared
in
environmental
water
containing
microbes
less
susceptible
ZIKV
as
adults
compared
cohorts
laboratory
tap
with
fewer
microbial
species
and
lower
abundance.
Here,
we
identify
a
process
which
environment-derived
susceptibility
Ae.
ZIKV.
Provided
the
midgut
represents
first
barrier
infection,
hypothesized
exposure
modulates
infection
Since
mosquitoes
live
pupae
then
transition
air
adults,
also
define
stage
life
when
reduces
susceptibility.
were
treated
antibiotics
during
pupal
adult
stages,
only,
or
provided
no
at
any
stage.
Vector
was
next
evaluated
ingested
ZIKV-spiked
bloodmeals.
Antibiotic
reduced
microbiota
showed
enhanced
rates
both
adults.
treatment
disrupt
resulted
increased
epithelium
permeability,
higher
numbers
ZIKV-infected
cells,
impaired
bloodmeal
digestion.
Parallel
experiments
antibiotic-treated
gnotobiotic
dysbiotic
state
created
antibiotic
use
does
not
influence
permeability
more
than
bacterial
responsible
reducing
competence.
disrupted
via
bloodmeals
expression
genes
associated
digestion
metabolism
relative
whose
antibiotics.
Together,
these
data
show
throughout
restricts
facilitating
blood
cell
infection.
Understanding
connections
between
microbiota,
physiology,
arbovirus
can
lead
novel
decrease
will
improve
understanding
habitats
microbes.
Author
Summary
Mosquito-transmitted
continue
threaten
human
health.
Absent
vaccines
treatments,
controlling
limiting
their
ability
transmit
primary
way
prevent
viral
diseases.
role
play
shaping
virus
has
been
limited
association-based
studies.
prior
develop
bacteria
bacteria.
Here
explains
this
association.
aquatic
terrestrial
need
be
present
We
used
water-derived
only
stages
observed
disruption
increases
impairs
These
findings
advance
microbiota-mosquito-virus
interactions
further
implicate
means
restrict
mosquitoes.