Alternative therapies recently applied in controlling farmed fish diseases: mechanisms, challenges, and prospects

Aquaculture International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 32(7), P. 9017 - 9078

Published: July 17, 2024

Abstract The aquaculture industry is suffering from significant financial setbacks due to an increasing frequency of disease outbreaks, posing a threat the sector’s sustainability. Various bacterial, viral, parasitic, and fungal pathogens have led massive mortalities in farmed fish worldwide. Throughout years, management diseases has predominantly centered around utilization conventional antibiotics chemicals. Nevertheless, their indiscriminate use given rise serious implications, including increase resistant pathogens, disruptions metabolic processes fish, degradation aquatic environment, presence drug residues products, potential human health. effective bio-based immunoprophylaxis alternative therapies been developed overcome these impediments. Recent therapeutic approaches encompass range strategies, phytotherapeutics, nanotherapeutics, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, phage therapy, vaccination, quorum quenching, antimicrobial peptides, biosurfactants, bacteriocins, stem cells, diagnostic-based therapy. Advancements biotechnology significantly enhanced efficacy therapies. However, additional research essential refine approaches. Critical concerns, such as efficacy, cost, risks, availability, adverse effects on ecosystem, need be addressed establish guidelines for sustainable application aquaculture. This review will aquaculturists’ awareness recent used farming, mechanisms, challenges, impacts while promoting sustainability commercial

Language: Английский

---

Effects of nano-selenium and/or vitamin E supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant status, histopathology and resistance to Aspergillus flavus in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

BMC Veterinary Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

Abstract Background This study aimed to evaluate the effects of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and/or vitamin E (VE) on growth, body composition, metabolic parameters, histopathology, and resistance Nile tilapia Aspergillus flavus . Results Monosex fingerlings were sourced from Bazina farm hatchery in Ismailia Governorate, Egypt, where experiment was also conducted. The fish acclimatized for 15 days before trial. A total 240 (average weight 46 ± 3.0 g/fish) divided equally across 12 concrete tanks (1 × 1 1.2 m, m³ capacity), with 20 per tank. fed a control diet (T0), which basal no supplementation, or one three experimental diets 60 days: T1 mg SeNPs/kg), T2 (100 VE/kg), T3 SeNPs + 100 VE/kg). followed completely randomized design (CRD) replicates treatment. combination VE (T3) resulted best feed conversion ratio. slight but significant increase ( P < 0.05 ) whole-body composition observed all treatment groups compared control. Biochemical serum digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant levels improved significantly dietary supplementation. Histopathological analysis revealed somewhat lacerated gill arches SeNPs, VE, their combination, overall structure remained normal. group exhibited villi length normal morphology portal veins hepatic sinusoids, though some vacuolated hepatocytes noted. Fish had lowest mortality rates highest A. Conclusion Supplementing enhances biochemical histopathology tilapia. VE/kg improves immune response offering promising strategy enhance Tilapia health productivity.

Language: Английский

---

Invisible plastics problem in intensive aquaculture: The case of polyvinylpyrrolidone

Reviews in Aquaculture, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 1544 - 1554

Published: March 26, 2024

Abstract For over 70 years, aquaculture practices have relied on the same methods for biosecurity, however epidemics remain a primary limitation of global yields with billions in revenue being lost every year due to disease. The intense nature fish and shellfish farming necessitates regular use synthetic chemicals as both preventive treatment measures, covering broodstocks hatching continuing through all stages rearing. This practice, however, results contamination rearing environments persistent xenobiotics. A specific drawback this foundational strategy biosecurity is highlighted current review: consistent water‐soluble polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) across most, if not all, aquacultural livestock. PVP used intensively within it ubiquitous additive commercially available germicidal, prophylactic, therapeutic products applied control prevent disease outbreaks farms. As polymer, biodegradation‐resistant, has recently been described an emerging contaminant freshwater ecosystems. It well documented that other persistent, pollutants such microplastics, reduce fecundity, growth, significantly deplete immune function important aquatic species. Despite this, intentionally added soluble polymers, PVP, considered context productivity. review explores potential impact highlighting need adopt sustainable chemical practices, drawing inspiration from advancements nanotechnology human medicines address protocol deficiencies.

Language: Английский

---

Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) as Potential Antiviral Agents: Synthesis, Biophysical Properties, Safety, Challenges and Future Directions─Update Review

Molecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(9), P. 2004 - 2004

Published: April 30, 2025

AgNPs have gained significant attention due to their unique physicochemical properties, making them valuable across a range of fields including medicine, textiles, and household products. With strong antimicrobial antiviral shown promise in treating infections, particularly wound care management. This review explores the mechanisms underlying activities AgNPs, as well methods used for synthesis, which include physical, chemical, biological approaches. The also addresses potential limitations cytotoxicity humans environment. interaction between microorganisms, viruses, varies based on synthesis particle morphology. As viral resistant strains, present major global health challenges, there is growing need alternative therapies. Metal nanoparticles like offer advantages over conventional drugs broad target range, reduces likelihood resistance development. highlights AgNPs’ effectiveness against variety such HIV, hepatitis B, respiratory syncytial virus, discusses use novel treatments. examines toxicity, offering insights into future therapeutic roles.

Language: Английский

---

Establishment and Partial Characterization of Three Novel Permanent Cell Lines Originating from European Freshwater Fish Species

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 531 - 531

Published: May 26, 2025

The establishment and partial characterization of three continuous cell lines from European freshwater fish species are provided. new lines, designated NPL-3, AF-1, PF-1, were created larvae northern pike (Esox lucius) fin tissues asp (Leuciscus aspius) perch (Perca fluviatilis) tissues, respectively. All have been subcultured more than 90 times since their establishment. Cells optimally maintained at 25 °C in M199 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. NPL-3 AF-1 cells susceptible to spring viraemia carp virus, fry rhabdovirus, ictalurid herpesvirus 2, catfish while the PF-1 cells, only latter two viruses successfully propagated. These newly established could serve as diagnostic tools for aforementioned economically important viral diseases. They might be effective appliances isolating novel pike, asp, perch, other closely related species.

Language: Английский

---

Nanotechnology: an avenue for combating fish parasites in aquaculture system

Veterinary Parasitology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 332, P. 110334 - 110334

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Role of nanoparticles in fish disease management: A review

Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 58, P. 103218 - 103218

Published: May 7, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Exploring the Effectiveness of Acyclovir against Ranaviral Thymidine Kinases: Molecular Docking and Experimental Validation in a Fish Cell Line

Life, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(9), P. 1050 - 1050

Published: Aug. 23, 2024

The effectiveness of acyclovir, a selective anti-herpesvirus agent, was tested both in silico and vitro against two ranaviruses, namely the European catfish virus (ECV) Frog 3 (FV3). ECV can cause significant losses aquaculture, while FV3 poses risk to vulnerable amphibian populations. genome ranaviruses encodes thymidine kinases (TKs) similar those herpesviruses. Molecular docking simulations demonstrated that acyclovir molecule bind active sites investigated viral TKs an orientation conducive phosphorylation. Subsequently, antiviral effect Epithelioma Papulosum Cyprini (EPC) cells with endpoint titration qPCR. Acyclovir used at concentration 800 µM, which significantly reduced loads titers ranaviruses. A reduction rate observed Ictalurid herpesvirus 2, as positive control virus. These promising results indicate might have wider range uses; besides its herpesviruses, it could also be ranavirus infections.

Language: Английский

---

First Experimental Application of DNA-Layered Salmonid Alphavirus-Based Replicon Vaccine in Non-Salmonid Fish: Induced Early Semi-Specific Protection against Spring Viraemia of Carp Virus (SVCV) in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Animals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(18), P. 2698 - 2698

Published: Sept. 18, 2024

Our study demonstrates the first application of salmonid alphavirus-based replicon vector system (pSAV) as a DNA vaccine in non-salmonid fish species, common carp (

Language: Английский

---