Roles of human papillomavirus in cancers: oncogenic mechanisms and clinical use

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Abstract Human papillomaviruses, particularly high-risk human have been universally considered to be associated with the oncogenesis and progression of various cancers. The genome papillomaviruses is circular, double-stranded DNA that encodes early late proteins. Each proteins crucial significance in infecting epithelium host cells persistently supporting viral integrating into cells. Notably, E6 E7 proteins, classified as oncoproteins, trigger incidence cancers by fostering cell proliferation, hindering apoptosis, evading immune surveillance, promoting invasion, disrupting balance cellular metabolism. Therefore, targeting decoding molecular mechanisms which drive carcinogenesis are great necessity better treat papillomaviruses-related applied clinically different facets papillomavirus-related cancers, including prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis. Several types prophylactic vaccines publicly utilized worldwide greatly decreased occurrence benefited numerous people. Although therapeutic developed tested clinically, none them officially approved date. Enhancing efficacy searching for innovative technologies remain critical challenges warrant continuous research attention future.

Language: Английский

---

Relationship Between Human Papilloma Virus and Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers

Viruses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 367 - 367

Published: March 4, 2025

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is an oncogenic DNA virus that the most commonly transmitted sexually virus. There substantial evidence HPV associated with different types of cancer. While majority studies have concentrated on urogenital system cancers and head neck cancers, relationship between gastrointestinal particularly esophageal has also been subject investigation. Given a disease can be prevented through vaccination treated antiviral agents, identifying pathogen may inform treatment these cancers. This comprehensive review examines upper tract, highlighting mechanisms its reported prevalence. A deeper understanding HPV’s association cancer relevant to further development therapies.

Language: Английский

---

Gynecologic health of women with multiple sclerosis: An overview on the current status and findings of Pap tests in a low-income setting

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(3), P. e0320069 - e0320069

Published: March 28, 2025

Background Women with MS (wwMS), particularly ones in low-income settings, and exposed to disease-modifying therapy (DMT), could have specific gynecological health-related issues. Aim To assist policy making lead further research by describing the current status of health Pap test results wwMS. Methods Cross-sectional study on wwMS living Isfahan, Iran. Participants were surveyed referred for a test, which compared 1:2 age- socioeconomic status-matched healthy controls (HC). Primary outcome was degree non-benign squamous/glandular cell abnormalities. Secondary outcomes presence evidence infection, benign inflammatory/reactive changes. Logistic regression models utilized analyses. Results 197 included (mean age [SD], 41.2 [8.3]; median EDSS (IQR) 1.5 [0.5]). 74.1% reported having sexual activity more than once per week past year. For contraception, 21.6% 16.8% used calendar-based methods male condoms, respectively. 7% had contracted infection past. Only 1% received HPV vaccination. Compared HC, reactive/inflammatory changes tests less frequently seen (OR: 0.3; 95% CI: 0.2, 0.4; p < 0.001), while 11.5, 3.3, 40; 0.001). consistent across DMT groups except anti-CD20 therapies. Additionally, frequency two times that but lacked adequate power confirm statistical significance (1.5% vs. 0.8%, OR: 2; 0.4, 10.1; = 0.39). Conclusion There is room improvement who live settings. Also, findings support an immune dysfunction cervices DMT-exposed merited determine risk malignant potential

Language: Английский

---

Identification of a novel papillomavirus in oral swabs from giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

To fully characterize papillomavirus diversity in giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), we identified a novel (named AmPV5, GenBank accession number MZ357114) oral swabs from with the help of viral metagenomics technology this study. The complete circular genome AmPV5 is 7,935 bp length, GC content 39.1%. It encodes five early genes (E1, E2, E4, E6, and E7), two late (L1 L2), features conserved zinc-binding domains (CXXC- (X)28/29-CXXC) E6 E7 genes. protein has an LxCxE domain (pRB binding) its N-terminal region. nucleotide sequence L1 gene shares < 70% identity other related sequences available database. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that fell within Lambdapapillomavirus genus but formed monophyletic branch away papillomaviruses found Ailuropoda melanoleuca, Canis, Felis catus, Panthera uncia, Enhydra lutris, Procyon lotor. According to International Committee on Taxonomy Viruses (ICTV) classification guidelines, classified as new species genus. discovery provides valuable insights into highlights need for continued surveillance wildlife pathogens. Future studies should explore potential role health disease ecology endangered species.

Language: Английский

---

Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus among women with cervical or vaginal lesions in Jiangsu, China: 2 cross-sectional studies (2012–2013 and 2020–2021)

Oncology and Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Abstract Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a major risk factor of cervical cancer. This study assessed the prevalence and distribution HPV genotypes in women with or vaginal lesions Jiangsu Province, China. Methods A total 2120 healthy aged 18–45 years were screened between 2012 2013 6171 2020 2021 Province. Cervical specimens collected from each woman first tested using DNA enzyme immunoassay method, positive samples further reverse hybridization line probe assay. Differences genotype compared identified during 2 rounds cross-sectional screening. To account for differences age composition studies, standardized positivity was calculated sum number diagnosed both periods as standard group. Results Overall, 40 (1.89%) through biopsy 2012–2013, 110 (1.78%) 2020–2021. Among lesions, rates 98.41% 2012–2013 99.24% Most cases caused by high-risk HPV, which accounted 87.18% infections 89.91% those 2020–2021, 86.44% 88.75%, respectively. The single 62.35% 74.95% top 5 type 16 (HPV16; 29.01%), 52 (20.63%), 18 (14.28%), 58 (13.71%), 33 (12.12%) HPV16 (36.95%), (22.18%), (13.25%), 31 (7.63%), 51 (6.81%) rate HPV18 decreased 14.28% to 1.15% highest proportion observed 36- 45-year group reaching 52.50%, 26- 35-year peaking at 59.10%. Conclusions In no significant changes among 2020–2021; however, had changed.

Language: Английский

---

The Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Women with Precancerous Lesions and Cervical Cancer in Arequipa, Peru

Life, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 267 - 267

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between prevalence high-risk human papillomavirus (HRHPV) and age in women with cervical neoplasia or cancer. This retrospective involved 470 referred for abnormal cytology January 2021 December 2023. Cobas 4800 test used identify HRHPV genotypes; it specifically identified genotypes 16 18 grouped other into another category. performed together colposcopy biopsies lesions. From analysis, we selected who underwent HPV testing. Of them, 208 (44.3%) were HPV-negative. Among 262 positive HPV, 13.0% genotype only, 1.3% 35.1% genotypes. HPV-16 found 58.3% cases intraepithelial grade 3 (CIN 3) under 35 years 20.9% over age. Furthermore, 51.9% patients cancer tested types, whereas 30.8% had HPV-16. Although more frequent than HPV-18 individuals cancer, most common individual ≥ CIN-3.

Language: Английский

---

A stable cell line-based genomic DNA reference material for accurate HPV 45 detection

Microchemical Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 113277 - 113277

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Prophylactic vaccines against HPV-caused cervical cancer: novel vaccines are still demanded

Infectious Agents and Cancer, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: March 10, 2025

Several high-risk types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are associated with cervical cancer and other malignancies. Despite the tremendous success marketed prophylactic HPV vaccines for past 18 years, remains a significant global challenge. A nearly 10% increase in new cases worldwide from 2020 to 2022 underscores urgent need enhanced vaccination efforts. Current vaccines, including Cervarix®, Gardasil®, Gardasil®9, Cecolin®, Walrinvax® utilize VLP (virus-like particle) structures have demonstrated efficacy. However, challenges such as type-limited coverage, cold-chain requirements, affordability emphasize critical further research development novel vaccines. Some investigational instance, those using VLPs carry protective antigens broader coverage across different viral types, show promise future prevention. Realizing this hope making progress still depend on dedication innovation scientists authorities involved. This review focuses both approved preventive also designed simultaneous prevention therapy. Clinical trials briefly reviewed, potential strategies advance against HPV-induced summarized. emphasizes approaches that require investigation future.

Language: Английский

---

The Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Genotypes in the Oral Mucosae of HIV-Positive Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 646 - 646

Published: March 12, 2025

(1) Background: Papillomaviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses, and it is essential to clarify their genotypic distribution for effective prevention clinical management. In this study, we aimed evaluate the prevalence of HPV genotypes in normal oral mucosae HIV-positive individuals. (2) Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Web Science, Scopus, Google Scholar identify peer-reviewed studies published up 13 February 2025. The inclusion criteria referred original research reporting on genotype-specific Statistical analyses were using MedicReS E-PICOS AI smart biostatistics software (version 21.3, New York, NY, USA) MedCalc statistical package (MedCalc Software Ltd., Ostend, Belgium). pooled estimates calculated a random-effects meta-analysis model, heterogeneity quantified Cochrane Q I2 statistics. presence publication bias assessed via Begg Mazumdar rank correlation test. (3) Results: High HPV-58 (6.23%), HPV-16 (4.326%), HPV-66 (3.733%) observed, indicating significant variability populations methodologies. This supports association with HPV-related oropharyngeal malignancies need continuous surveillance We also observed elevated detection LR-HPV genotypes, particularly HPV-13 (7.16%), HPV-5 (5.64%), HPV-62 (4.24%). (4) Conclusions: These findings indicate that there substantial both HR-HPV among individuals, certain exhibiting higher rates studies, emphasizing targeted preventive strategies vulnerable population. application advanced data analysis methods enhancing implementing control measures

Language: Английский

---

Basic Knowledge About Cervical Cancer and its Screening Tests Among Secondary School Teachers in Baghdad City

Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 ), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(1), P. 215 - 220

Published: March 17, 2025

Background: Cervical cancer is a well-defined and preventable major health problem. The main cause behind it persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. There are more than 200 HPV subtypes, but only minority of them oncogenic. mode transmission this infection by sexual intercourse. It can be prevented regular checking for premalignant states taking cervical smears (Pap smears) vaccinating young girls. In Iraq, there no official policies the preventive measures, personal awareness way to make women seek screening tests or vaccines. Objectives: To explore general information secondary school teachers in Baghdad city/Iraq who college graduates about cancer. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done, including 232 female were interviewed asked fill out written questionnaire. Results: Only 5.6% respondents mentioned viral as cancer, 14.2% answered sexually transmitted disease. 14.7% included recognize smear test. one teacher (0.4%) knows vaccine prevent Teaching material mostly has significant association with teacher’s information. source social media (76.7%). Conclusions: poor knowledge among educated class, teachers, affect rate occurrence disease future. Social used disseminate regarding Iraqi women.

Language: Английский

---