Vaccination and surveillance for high pathogenicity avian influenza in poultry—current situation and perspectives
Nancy Sajjadi,
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Célia Abolnik,
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Francesca Baldinelli
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et al.
Biologicals,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
91, P. 101840 - 101840
Published: May 13, 2025
The
International
Alliance
for
Biological
Standardization
(IABS),
in
collaboration
with
the
World
Organization
Animal
Health
(WOAH)
convened
a
hybrid
meeting
on
22-23
October
2024
at
WOAH
Headquarters
(HQ)
Paris,
France
to
discuss
global
state
of
vaccination
and
surveillance
high
pathogenicity
avian
influenza
(HPAI)
poultry.
primary
objective
was
advance
acceptance
both
control
virus
spread
reduce
disease.
Vaccination
is
increasingly
recognized
as
tool
complement
biosecurity,
movement
controls
stamping-out
infected
flocks.
However,
concerns
persist
regarding
risk
undetected,
sustained
transmission
(silent
infection)
vaccinated
flocks
result
inadequate
surveillance.
This
has
contributed
hesitancy
trade
barriers.
aimed
assess
current
art
HPAI
programs
populations
their
effectiveness.
Representatives
multiple
stakeholders
were
invited
share
experiences
perspectives
use
accompanying
growing
H5N1
panzootic
its
impact.
Several
conclusions
recommendations
emerged
essential
advancing
strategies.
These
included
(1)
utility
quantitative
reverse
transcriptase
polymerase
chain
reaction
(RT-qPCR)
sensitive,
specific
economical
detect
populations,
(2)
regular
testing
dead
birds
within
flock
highly
effective
method
early
detection
outbreaks
demonstrating
freedom
from
infection
and,
(3)
importance
collecting
information
circulating
field
strains
selection
candidate
vaccine
antigens
ensure
adequate
efficacy.
Testing
sentinel
deemed
less
serological
considered
more
useful
assessing
immunity
levels
than
determining
status
flock.
There
broad
agreement
need
standardize
outcomes
terms
accepted
confidence
promote
safe
fair
trade.
it
acknowledged
that
context
pragmatic
considerations
will
shape
development
situation
plans,
which
must
be
statistically
valid,
scientifically
sound,
economically
feasible
operationally
sustainable
governments
industry.
Concomitantly,
recommended
policies
tied
should
based
solely
science
risks.
To
this
end,
enforcement
existing
international
rules
resolution
disputes
are
shared
responsibility.
Peer
reviewed
publications
proposed
central
mechanism
developing
stronger
guidelines
needed
facilitate
agreements
enable
implementation
programs.
Rapid
dissemination
information,
consistent
messaging
exchange
isolates
also
seen
critical
coordinating
an
response
controlling
HPAI.
Language: Английский
The Haemagglutinin Genes of the UK Clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 Avian Influenza Viruses from 2020 to 2022 Retain Strong Avian Phenotype
Jiayun Yang,
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Rebecca Daines,
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Pengxiang Chang
No information about this author
et al.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: July 9, 2024
Abstract
Since
2020,
the
United
Kingdom
(UK)
has
suffered
repeated
epizootics
of
clade
2.3.4.4b
H5
high
pathogenicity
avian
influenza
viruses
(HPAIVs)
in
wild
birds
and
poultry,
resulting
substantial
economic
losses
due
to
enforced
statutory
control.
The
rapid
evolution
HPAIVs
continues
raise
concern
with
heightened
zoonotic
pandemic
risks.
immunodominant
haemagglutinin
glycoprotein
(HA)
is
crucial
for
virus
receptor
binding
pH-induced
fusion
viral
cellular
membranes.
Mutations
HA
are
frequent
polymerase
error,
immune
pressure
host
adaptation,
antigenic
modulation
and/or
an
expansion
tropism,
respectively,
ultimately
hindering
control
strategies.
We
evaluated
a
comprehensive
panel
representing
prevalent
genotypes
from
UK
outbreaks
spanning
2020
2022
functionality.
genes
each
genotype
were
assessed
through
binding,
pH
fusion,
thermostability
inhibition
assays
evaluate
factors
contributing
potential,
stability,
antigenicity.
only
bound
receptors
exhibited
at
5.8,
above
range
(pH
5.0
5.5)
associated
efficient
human-to-human
transmission.
Therefore,
these
have
low
immediate
threat.
Contemporary
more
thermostable
showed
drift
compared
earlier
2017-2018
H5N8
viruses,
N236D
was
identified
as
significant
epitope.
findings
this
study
underscore
evolving
nature
highlight
importance
ongoing
surveillance
characterisation
efforts
identify
that
might
contribute
risk.
Language: Английский
Validation of a reduction in time for avian influenza virus isolation using specific pathogen‐free embryonated chicken eggs
Veterinary Record,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Nov. 19, 2024
Abstract
Background
The
international
gold
standard
for
avian
influenza
virus
(AIV)
diagnosis
is
isolation
(VI)
in
specific
pathogen‐free
embryonated
chicken
eggs
(ECEs).
AIV
typically
involves
a
6‐day
turnaround,
during
which
premises
under
suspicion
notifiable
infection
are
held
restriction
regardless
of
molecular
diagnoses,
often
with
significant
welfare
implications.
Methods
A
reduction
time
negation
by
VI
was
investigated
following
experimental
inoculation
from
known‐positive
original
clinical
material
into
ECEs.
data
derived
more
than
600
case
investigations
epizootics
high‐pathogenicity
(HPAIV)
Great
Britain
since
2016
and
low‐pathogenicity
(LPAIV)
cases
2014
were
examined
to
support
test
timing
using
alternative
regimens.
Results
HPAIVs
isolated
the
first
passage,
LPAIV
VI,
second
passage
could
be
reduced
2
days.
Power
analysis
showed
that
benefit
reducing
number
days
outweighed
risk
missing
positive
isolate.
Limitations
Limited
available
inoculations.
Conclusion
This
truncated
methodology,
enables
an
earlier
release
restrictions,
may
substantially
ease
economic
implications
restriction.
It
also
reduce
bird
improve
standards
without
loss
performance.
Language: Английский