SARS-CoV-2 S, M, and E Structural Glycoproteins Differentially Modulate Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Responses

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 1047 - 1047

Published: Jan. 26, 2025

We have previously shown that the hepatitis C virus (HCV) E1E2 envelope glycoprotein can regulate HIV-1 long-terminal repeat (LTR) activity through disruption to NF-κB activation. This response is associated with upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway. Here, we demonstrate SARS-CoV-2 S, M, and E but not N structural protein perform similar downmodulation LTR activation, in a dose-dependent manner, both HEK293 lung BEAS-2B cell lines. effect highest Wuhan S strain decreases over time for subsequent emerging variants concern (VOC), Omicron providing weakest effect. developed pseudo-typed viral particle (PVP) tools allowed generation lines constitutively expressing four proteins utilising VSV-g deliver integrated gene construct. Differential expression analysis (DGEA) was performed on cells E, or determine activation status. Gene differences were found number interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), including IF16, IFIT1, IFIT2, ISG15, as well heat shock (HSP) genes, HSPH1, HSPA6, HSPBP1, all proteins. There also observed patterns transcription factors, SP1 MAVS upregulated presence protein. Collectively, results indicate ER pathways be activated by expression. The suggest infection modulate an array pathways, resulting signalling, hence alterations multiple physiological responses SARS-CoV-2-infected cells.

Language: Английский

Endoplasmic reticulum stress triggers unfolded protein response as an antiviral strategy of teleost erythrocytes

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Nov. 26, 2024

Fish nucleated red blood cells (RBCs), also known as erythrocytes, play a crucial role in maintaining immune system balance by modulating protein expression response to various stimuli, including viral attack. This study explores the intriguing behavior of rainbow trout RBCs when faced with hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), focusing on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded (UPR).

Language: Английский

Morbillivirus Canis Infection Induces Activation of Three Branches of Unfolded Protein Response, MAPK and Apoptosis

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(12), P. 1846 - 1846

Published: Nov. 28, 2024

Morbillivirus canis, commonly named Canine distemper virus (CDV), is a morbillivirus implicated in several signs the Canidae family. In dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), common of infection include conjunctivitis, digital hyperkeratosis and neuropathologies. Even with vaccination, canine disease persists worldwide so molecular pathways processes have been an interesting promising area new therapeutic drugs research recent years. It known that process infection, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) loses its homeostasis, inducing stress subsequent unfolded protein response or UPR which three ER-trans-membrane proteins are implicated: PERK, IRE1 ATF6. Moreover, prolonged ER stress, apoptosis induced through CHOP, as final step viral infection. Cell culture techniques such RT-qPCR RT-PCR were used present study. We demonstrate activation vitro after attenuated strain CDV. Also, implication MAPK pathway p38 apoptotic CHOP was demonstrated to contribute more, our study suggested CDV replication occurs PERK-dependent manner.

Language: Английский