Vaccine delivery systems and administration routes: Advanced biotechnological techniques to improve the immunization efficacy

Vaccine X, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19, P. 100500 - 100500

Published: May 24, 2024

Since the first use of vaccine tell last COVID-19 pandemic caused by spread SARS-CoV-2 worldwide, advanced biotechnological techniques has accelerated development different types and methods for immunization. The showed that nucleic acid-based vaccine, especially mRNA, an advantage in terms time; however, it a very critical drawback namely, higher costs when compared to other strategies, its inability protect against new variants. This need more improvement reach better delivery efficacy. In this review we will describe systems including, most used viral vector, also variable strategies delivering vaccines lipid-based nanoparticles formulation, polymersomes, electroporation powerful tools which is based on cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). Additionally, discuss main challenges associated with each system. Finlay, efficacy safety depends not only formulations systems, but dosage route administration are important players, therefore see routes including traditionally (intramuscular, Transdermal, subcutaneous), oral inhalation or via nasal mucosa, advantages disadvantage route.

Language: Английский

---

Examining psychological correlates of vaccine hesitancy: a comparative study between the US and Israel

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

It is important to identify psychological correlates of vaccine hesitancy, including among people not from the United States (U.S.). College students were recruited between March-June 2023 in US (n = 330, M age 20.21, 79.5% female) and Israel 204, 23.45, 92.6% complete a cross-sectional survey on attitudes, emotions, behavior. A 2 (Nation: US, Israel) × (Vaccine Status: Vaccinated, Unvaccinated) factorial design was used. Individual ANCOVAS controlling for sociodemographic factors conducted test main effects nation status, their interaction, across various health Consistent with hypotheses, unvaccinated (vs. vaccinated) individuals reported higher perceived ambiguity, reactance, anger as well lower susceptibility, severity, worry, positive emotion, intentions vaccinate. Contrary greater fear. Israeli American) participants fear, anger, susceptibility. Vaccinated Americans vaccinate again future (M 2.89, SE 0.08) compared vaccinated Israelis 2.36, 0.08). However, 1.80, 0.15) than 1.95, 0.21). Findings provide insight into target promotion emphasize need cultural tailoring.

Language: Английский

---

A comprehensive review of the recent adult immunization guidelines by the association of physicians of India

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 1159 - 1165

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

This review consolidates the most recent guidelines on adult immunization issued by Association of Physicians India (API) in 2024. The underscore importance adults, particularly considering growing geriatric population, projected to make 20% population 2050. Key recommendations include administration vaccines for influenza, pneumococcus, hepatitis B and herpes zoster, with specific emphasis high-risk groups such as healthcare workers, elderly individuals chronic conditions. Additionally, highlight necessity COVID-19 vaccinations boosters, emergence new variants. API provide a detailed framework vaccination schedules, prioritizing clarity practical implementation providers managing patients multiple co-morbidities. By offering consolidated evidence-based approach, these aim enhance coverage protect against vaccine-preventable diseases population.

Language: Английский

---

Understanding Factors Contributing to Vaccine Hesitancy in a Large Metropolitan Area

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(10), P. 1558 - 1558

Published: Oct. 2, 2023

Vaccine hesitancy has become a major global concern, leading to significant decrease in the vaccination rate, with World Health Organization recognizing it as one of top ten threats public health. Moreover, health cost generated is evaluated be 27 billion dollars per year US alone. To investigate association between demographic variables and knowledge, attitudes, behaviours related vaccination, survey-based cross-sectional study was conducted 1163 individuals. Three models were used perform multiple linear regression analysis. In Model I, knowledge about vaccinations found associated smoking habits, education, marital status. II, attitudes towards significantly sex, status, knowledge. III, having children, attitudes. One potential solution improve general population implement specific programs, which can cost-effective intervention. This provides valuable insights into determinants population.

Language: Английский

---

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among the Chinese elderly: A multi-stakeholder qualitative study

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: March 4, 2024

The United Nations reported that the mortality risk of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is five times higher in elderly than global average. Although COVID-19 vaccine effectively prevents infections and reduce among elderly, hesitancy Chinese poses a significant threat. This study, utilizing "Confidence, Convenience Complacency (3 Cs)" model, aimed to explore factors contributing assess national countermeasures potential improvement approaches. Thirteen with eleven vaccine-related staff participated semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis revealed three key determinants elderly: perceived low threat COVID-19, lack confidence vaccine, poor accessibility vaccination. China has implemented strategies, including advocacy through diverse channels, joint multi-sectoral promotion vaccination, enhancing ongoing vaccination services. Recommendations from emphasize improving awareness prioritizing environment process. study underscores importance targeted programs addressing hesitation reasons improve rates. Furthermore, existing can serve as foundation for improved publicity, administration, management

Language: Английский

---

The continuance intention to vaccinate against COVID-19: An empirical study from Malaysia

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(4), P. e0301383 - e0301383

Published: April 30, 2024

Background Vaccination has been one of the most effective preventive strategies to contain COVID-19 pandemic. However, as vaccines’ effect wanes off after some time and given their reduced level protection against mutation strains virus, calls for boosters second signal need continuous vaccination foreseeable future. As Malaysia transitions into endemic phase, nation’s ability co-exist with virus in phase will hinge on people’s continuance intention be vaccinated virus. Adapting expectations confirmation model (ECM) public health context a developing country, this study integrates ECM belief (HBM) theory reasoned action (TRA) examine inter-relationships predictors vaccinate COVID-19. Methodology Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires from 1,914 respondents aged 18 above by marketing consulting firm via its online panel. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique was used analyze data. Results Out respondents, 55.9% reported having COVID-19, similar other countries. multivariate analysis revealed that perceived usefulness satisfaction significantly influenced individuals’ Additionally, attitude found play key role influencing behavioral change among individuals towards perceptions continuously getting Conclusions By integrating three theoretical frameworks (i.e., HBM, TRA ECM), showed characteristics could provide insights intention. Hence, policymakers stakeholders can develop or interventions encourage vaccine booster uptake targeting factors such usefulness, attitude, satisfaction, subjective norms.

Language: Английский

---

One year later: What role did trust in public officials and the medical profession play in decisions to get a booster and to overcome vaccine hesitancy?

Preventive Medicine Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 38, P. 102626 - 102626

Published: Jan. 21, 2024

Physicians may have an important role to play in promoting boosters as well reducing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, but the relationship between hesitancy and trust medical profession these behaviors has been underexplored. A representative online panel of 1,967 US adults that included oversamples minoritized rural populations were surveyed April 2021 June 2022 regarding their booster status intentions, views profession, levels own doctors, national state/local officials. Eighty percent those vaccinated had received a by 2022, while fewer than half initially reluctant get gotten one Wave 2 survey. Mean factor scores calculated for response validated scale measuring profession. Linear logistic regression models estimated factors other officials initial hesitaters/refusers 1, controlling population factors. Trust one's physician was associated with vaccinated/eager be getting booster, among who previously refused or hesitant. experts not significantly behaviors, wide confidence intervals suggest need future research. Innovative strategies, including mobilizing community is needed address reluctance, uncertainty, distrust therapeutic agents pandemic response.

Language: Английский

---

COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among the General Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 1125 - 1125

Published: June 20, 2023

Hesitancy about receiving vaccines has been deemed a global danger to public health by WHO. The sociocultural backgrounds of the people have an impact on vaccine acceptance. purpose this study was examine effect sociodemographic factors COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy as well identify that contributed hesitancy.A cross-sectional carried out determine primary variables causing among residents Pune. general population sampled through simple random sampling. minimum sample size determined be 1246. questionnaire inquired individuals' information, status, and reasons for hesitancy.In total, there were 5381 subjects, 1669 whom unvaccinated 3712 partially vaccinated. Fear adverse effects (51.71%), fear losing few days work (43.02%), inability secure slot online (33.01%) most frequently cited reasons. An older (>60 years, p = 0.004), males (p 0.032), those who literate 0.011), lower middle socioeconomic status 0.001), smokers significantly associated with mistrust vaccine, while greatest individuals from upper classes 0.001).Vaccine due concerns side long-term complications prevalent elderly, males, class, smokers. This emphasizes importance communicating effectively vaccine's efficacy, its distribution, sites.

Language: Английский

---

Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine booster dose among the people of Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(11), P. e22215 - e22215

Published: Nov. 1, 2023

Vaccine booster dose (VBD) provides a potential therapeutic alliance in preventing breakthrough infection and new variant's arrival while preserving long-lasting host immunity. This study aimed to analyze COVID-19 VBD willingness identified the key determinants of acceptance among general people Bangladesh. survey-based applied quantitative research paradigm. A validated, anonymous, multi-item questionnaire was adopted through theoretical review pertinent literature on topic. Data were collected between August 2022─October 2022, sampling done randomly. total 704 individuals invited via face-to-face interview approach; however, 13.8 % them declined give consent, which resulted participation 607 respondents. The main outcome measure willingness. Binary logistic regression analysis conducted rationalize study's objectives. pooled vaccine rate 70.0 (95 confidence Interval [CI]: 67─73) Bangladeshi people. An binary revealed that, out 14 factors, "efficacy", "repeated immunity", "communication", "trust" showed highly significant positive association (adjusted odds ratio [aOR ] = 2.151 95 CI: 1.391─ 3.508, aOR 2.033 1.299─ 3.181, 2.552 1.557─4.183 respectively, p<0.01), "equal safety", "risk-benefit ratio" "community protection" had (aOR 1.739 1.070─2.825, 1.712 1.116─2.627, 1.628 1.395─0.998, p<0.05) with acceptance. However, post-vaccination "side effects" negative 0.393 0.237─0.674, p<0.01) associations accepting found 1.26, it insignificant (p>0.05) Chi-squared test. expressed moderately high level response attitude towards is an this study, regardless circumstances, as far safety, efficacy, perceived health benefits, communication, trust, community resistance are concerned. Post-vaccination side effects fear primary reason for skepticism well barrier administering shots. will be boosted when mass effectively communicated vaccine's data become more available publicly.

Language: Английский

---

Community Level Correlates of COVID-19 Booster Vaccine Hesitancy in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 167 - 167

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

Introduction: Evidence exists that individual-level sociodemographic factors contribute to vaccine hesitancy, but it is unknown how community-level affect COVID-19 booster dose hesitancy. The current study aims fill this knowledge gap by comparing data from a nationwide survey on hesitancy with indicator, i.e., the Distressed Communities Index (DCI). Methods: Attitudes toward vaccinations, literacy, confidence index, and trust were measured using 48-item, psychometrically valid reliable tool. In study, 2138 participants residing in United States divided into quintiles of varying community distress levels based their zip codes DCI. Data analyzed through Chi-square, one-way ANOVA, post hoc analysis Tukey’s test. Results: A significantly higher proportion distressed communities had lower than prosperous counterparts (26.6% vs. 37.6%, p < 0.001). On contrary, index scores those (2.22 ± 1.13 1.70 1.01, Conclusions: These findings affirm importance developing interventions promote vaccinations increase uptake. From these results, future studies can examine efficacy various interventions.

Language: Английский

---