Functionalization of rod-shaped plant viruses for biomedical applications

Nanoscale, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Biological nanoparticles, particularly rod-shaped plant viruses, have emerged as promising candidates for various biomedical applications. This review focuses on the morphological characteristics and modification strategies of viruses such tobacco mosaic virus, potato virus X, papaya virus. These offer versatile approaches, including chemical, genetic, bio-modifications, well aspect ratio regulation. Their applications in drug delivery, antibacterial treatments, RNA bioimaging, immune modulation are extensively discussed. Rod-shaped exhibit unique advantages, uniformity size molecular weight, excellent biocompatibility, diverse modifiability inherent immunogenicity, making them highly suitable However, challenges remain their clinical translation. aims to provide insights into potential biological nanoparticles stimulate further research field virus-based biomaterials, which may lead innovative solutions immune-related therapies vaccine development.

Language: Английский

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Beyond the Pandemic Era: Recent Advances and Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Against Emerging Variants of Concern

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 424 - 424

Published: April 17, 2025

Vaccination has been instrumental in curbing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and mitigating severity clinical manifestations associated with COVID-19. Numerous COVID-19 vaccines have developed to this effect, including BioNTech-Pfizer Moderna’s mRNA vaccines, as well adenovirus vector-based such Oxford–AstraZeneca. However, emergence new variants subvariants SARS-CoV-2, characterized by enhanced transmissibility immune evasion, poses significant challenges efficacy current vaccination strategies. In review, we aim comprehensively outline landscape emerging concern (VOCs) sub-lineages that recently surfaced post-pandemic years. We assess effectiveness existing their booster doses, against these subvariants, BA.2-derived sub-lineages, XBB BA.2.86 (Pirola). Furthermore, discuss latest advancements vaccine technology, multivalent pan-coronavirus approaches, along development several next-generation coronavirus exosome-based, virus-like particle (VLP), mucosal, nanomaterial-based vaccines. Finally, highlight key critical areas for future research address evolving threat develop strategies combating viral threats, thereby improving preparedness pandemics.

Language: Английский

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Prokaryote- and Eukaryote-Based Expression Systems: Advances in Post-Pandemic Viral Antigen Production for Vaccines

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(22), P. 11979 - 11979

Published: Nov. 7, 2024

This review addresses the ongoing global challenge posed by emerging and evolving viral diseases, underscoring need for innovative vaccine development strategies. It focuses on modern approaches to creating vaccines based recombinant proteins produced in different expression systems, including bacteria, yeast, plants, insects, mammals. analyses advantages, limitations, applications of these systems producing antigens, as well strategies designing safer, more effective, potentially 'universal' antigens. The discusses a range excluding SARS-CoV-2, which has already been extensively studied. authors present findings with aim contributing research advancing antiviral vaccines.

Language: Английский

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Influence of blood trace elements on immune responses and adverse symptoms subsequent to Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccination

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Nov. 27, 2024

Trace elements, specifically magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se) have been linked with immunomodulatory properties. This research delves into identifying the potential impression of serum levels Mg, Zn, Se on protective immunity arisen through Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine in vaccinated subjects. Levels Se, cytokine antibody production as well virus neutralization potency were investigated 75 males females before 2 weeks after first second dose vaccination. Level did not change significantly administration. Concentrations Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, Interferon (IFN)-γ higher supernatant peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from subjects both vaccination compared to Serum level IgG was IgM only vaccine. Also, vaccination, FRNT50 titer higher. correlate IL-2, IFN-γ, IgG, No severe unwanted clinical symptoms detected do play a role modulating during

Language: Английский

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