Microfluidic-based technologies for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of COVID-19: recent advances and future directions

Biomedical Microdevices, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(2)

Published: March 13, 2023

Language: Английский

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mRNA and Adenoviral Vector Vaccine Platforms Utilized in COVID-19 Vaccines: Technologies, Ecosystem, and Future Directions

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(12), P. 1737 - 1737

Published: Nov. 21, 2023

New technological platforms, such as mRNA and adenoviral vector vaccines, have been utilized to develop coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. These new modalities enable rapid flexible vaccine design cost-effective swift manufacturing, effectively combating pandemics caused by mutating viruses. Innovation ecosystems, including universities, startups, investors, governments are crucial for developing these cutting-edge technologies. This review summarizes the research development trajectory of technologies, their investments, support surrounding them, in addition details each technology. In addition, this study examines importance an innovation ecosystem novel comparing it with case Japan, which has lagged behind COVID-19 development. It also explores direction post-COVID-19 era.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 Variants and Vaccine Development

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(5), P. 757 - 757

Published: May 10, 2024

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 virus (SARS-CoV-2) infection, has millions of infections and fatalities worldwide. Extensive SARS-CoV-2 research been conducted to develop therapeutic drugs prophylactic vaccines, even though some have approved treat treatment efficacy remains limited. Therefore, preventive vaccination implemented on a scale represents primary approach combat COVID-19 pandemic. Approved vaccines vary in composition, although vaccine design based either key viral structural (spike) protein or components carrying this protein. mutations virus, particularly S protein, severely compromise effectiveness current ability control infection. This review begins describing mechanism role angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, host defence responses against infection most common designs. Next, summarizes how these change properties, confer immune escape influence efficacy. Finally, discusses strategies that employed mitigate decreases encountered new variants.

Language: Английский

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Vaccines and monoclonal antibodies to prevent healthcare-associated bacterial infections

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 37(3)

Published: Aug. 9, 2024

SUMMARY Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) represent a burden for public health with high prevalence and death rates associated them. Pathogens potential antimicrobial resistance, such as ESKAPE pathogens ( E nterococcus faecium, S taphylococcus aureus, K lebsiella pneumoniae, A cinetobacter baumannii, P seudomonas aeruginosa, nterobacter species ) Clostridioides difficile , are responsible most HAIs. Despite the implementation of infection prevention control intervention, globally, HAIs is stable they mainly due to endogenous pathogens. It undeniable that complementary measures, prophylactic approaches by active or passive immunization needed. Specific groups at-risk (elderly people, chronic condition immunocompromised) also healthcare workers key targets. Medical procedures specific interventions known be at risk HAIs, in addition hospital environmental exposure. Vaccines monoclonal antibodies can seen attractive preventive In this review, we present an overview vaccines clinical development major bacterial Based on current state knowledge, look challenges future perspectives improve these means.

Language: Английский

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Exigency of Plant-Based Vaccine against COVID-19 Emergence as Pandemic Preparedness

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 1347 - 1347

Published: Aug. 9, 2023

After two years since the declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO), more than six million deaths have occurred due to SARS-CoV-2, leading an unprecedented disruption global economy. Fortunately, within year, wide range vaccines, including pathogen-based inactivated and live-attenuated replicating non-replicating vector-based nucleic acid (DNA mRNA)-based protein-based subunit virus-like particle (VLP)-based been developed mitigate severe impacts pandemic. These vaccines proven highly effective in reducing severity illness preventing deaths. However, availability supply become issue prioritization vaccine distribution most countries. Additionally, virus continues mutate spread, questions arisen regarding effectiveness against new strains SARS-CoV-2 that can evade host immunity. The urgent need for booster doses enhance immunity has recognized. scarcity “safe effective” exacerbated inequalities terms coverage. development fallen short expectations set forth 2020 2021. Furthermore, equitable at national levels remains challenge, particularly developing In such circumstances, exigency plant virus-based apparent means overcome shortages through fast manufacturing processes enable quick convenient millions people without reliance on cold chain system. Moreover, demonstrated both safety efficacy eliciting robust cellular immunogenicity pathogens. This review aims shed light advantages disadvantages different types provide update current status plant-based fight

Language: Английский

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